1,001 statistics practice problems for dummies

1,001 Statistics Practice Problems For Dummies takes you beyond the instruction and guidance offered in Statistics For Dummies to give you a more hands-on understanding of statistics. The practice problems offered range in difficulty, including detailed explanations and walk-throughs.

In this series, every step of every solution is shown with explanations and detailed narratives to help you solve each problem. With the book purchase, you'll also get access to practice statistics problems online. This content features 1,001 practice problems presented in multiple choice format; on-the-go access from smart phones, computers, and tablets; customizable practice sets for self-directed study; practice problems categorized as easy, medium, or hard; and a one-year subscription with book purchase.

Offers on-the-go access to practice statistics problems Gives you friendly, hands-on instruction 1,001 statistics practice problems that range in difficulty

1,001 Statistics Practice Problems For Dummies provides ample practice opportunities for students who may have taken statistics in high school and want to review the most important concepts as they gear up for a faster-paced college class.

Author Notes

The Experts at Dummies are smart, friendly people who make learning easy by taking a not-so-serious approach to serious stuff.

Introduction	p. 1
What You'll Find	p. 1
How This Workbook Is Organized	p. 1
Part I The Questions	p. 2
Part II The Answers	p. 3
Beyond the Book	p. 3
What you'll find online	p. 3
How to register	p. 3
Where to Go for Additional Help	p. 4
Part I The Questions	p. 5
Chapter 1 Basis Vocabulary	p. 7
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 7
What to Watch Out For	p. 7
Picking Out the Population, Sample, Parameter, and Statistic	p. 8
Distinguishing Quantitative and Categorical Variables	p. 8
Getting a Handle on Bias, Variables, and the Mean	p. 9
Understanding Different Statistics and Data Analysis Terms	p. 9
Using Statistical Techniques	p. 10
Working with the Standard Deviation	p. 10
Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics	p. 11
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 11
What to Watch Out For	p. 11
Understanding the Mean and the Median	p. 12
Surveying Standard Deviation and Variance	p. 13
Employing the Empirical Rule	p. 15
Measuring Relative Standing with Percentiles	p. 16
Delving into Data Sets and Descriptive Statistics	p. 17
Chapter 3 Graphing	p. 21
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 21
What to Watch Out For	p. 21
Interpreting Pie Charts	p. 22
Considering Three-Dimensional Pie Charts	p. 22
Interpreting Bar Charts	p. 23
Introducing Other Graphs	p. 24
Interpreting Histograms	p. 24
Digging Deeper into Histograms	p. 25
Comparing Histograms	p. 26
Describing the Center of a Distribution	p. 27
Interpreting Box Plots	p. 27
Comparing Two Box Plots	p. 28
Comparing Three Box Plots	p. 29
Interpreting Time Charts	p. 30
Getting More Practice with Histograms	p. 31
Chapter 4 Random Variables and the Binomial Distribution	p. 33
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 33
What to Watch Out For	p. 33
Comparing Discrete and Continuous Random Variables	p. 34
Understanding the Probability Distribution of a Random Variable	p. 35
Determining the Mean of a Discrete Random Variable	p. 35
Digging Deeper into the Mean of a Discrete Random Variable	p. 35
Working with the Variance of a Discrete Random Variable	p. 36
Putting Together the Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of a Random Variable	p. 36
Digging Deeper into the Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of a Random Variable	p. 37
Introducing Binomial Random Variables	p. 37
Figuring Out the Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of a Binomial Random Variable	p. 38
Finding Binomial Probabilities with a Formula	p. 38
Digging Deeper into Binomial Probabilities Using a Formula	p. 39
Finding Binomial Probabilities with the Binomial Table	p. 39
Digging Deeper into Binomial Probabilities Using the Binomial Table	p. 40
Using the Normal Approximation to the Binomial	p. 40
Digging Deeper into the Normal Approximation to the Binomial	p. 41
Getting More Practice with Binomial Variables	p. 41
Chapter 5 The Normal Distribution	p. 43
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 43
What to Watch Out For	p. 43
Defining and Describing the Normal Distribution	p. 44
Working with z-Scores and Values of X	p. 45
Digging Deeper into z-Scores and Values of X	p. 45
Writing Probability Notations	p. 46
Introducing the Z-Table	p. 47
Finding Probabilities for a Normal Distribution	p. 47
Digging Deeper into z-Scores and Probabilities	p. 47
Figuring Out Percentiles for a Normal Distribution	p. 48
Digging Deeper into Percentiles for a Normal Distribution	p. 49
Getting More Practice with Percentiles	p. 49
Chapter 6 The t-Distribution	p. 51
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 51
What to Watch Out For	p. 51
Understanding the f-Distribution and Comparing It to the Z-Distribution	p. 52
Using the t-Table	p. 53
Using the t-Distribution to Calculate Confidence Intervals	p. 55
Chapter 7 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem	p. 57
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 57
What to Watch Out For	p. 57
Introducing the Basics of Sampling Distributions	p. 58
Checking Out Random Variables and Sample Means	p. 59
Examining Standard Error	p. 59
Surveying Notation and Symbols	p. 60
Understanding What Affects Standard Error	p. 61
Digging Deeper into Standard Error	p. 61
Connecting Sample Means and Sampling Distributions	p. 62
Digging Deeper into Sampling Distributions of Sample Means	p. 64
Looking at the Central Limit Theorem	p. 65
Getting More Practice with Sample Mean Calculations	p. 66
Finding Probabilities for Sample Means	p. 66
Digging Deeper into Probabilities for Sample Means	p. 67
Adding Proportions to the Mix	p. 68
Figuring Out the Standard Error of the Sample Proportion	p. 68
Using the Central Limit Theorem for Proportions	p. 68
Matching z-Scores to Sample Proportions	p. 69
Finding Approximate Probabilities	p. 69
Getting More Practice with Probabilities	p. 69
Digging Deeper into Approximate Probabilities	p. 70
Chapter 8 Finding Room for a Margin of Error	p. 71
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 71
What to Watch Out For	p. 71
Defining and Calculating Margin of Error	p. 72
Using the Formula for Margin of Error When Estimating a Population Mean	p. 72
Finding Appropriate z * -Values for Given Confidence Levels	p. 73
Connecting Margin of Error to Sample Size	p. 73
Getting More Practice with the Formula for Margin of Error	p. 73
Linking Margin of Error and Population Proportion	p. 74
Chapter 9 Confidence Intervals: Basics for Single Population Means and Proportions	p. 75
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 75
What to Watch Out For	p. 75
Introducing Confidence Intervals	p. 76
Checking Out Components of Confidence Intervals	p. 76
Interpreting Confidence Intervals	p. 79
Spotting Misleading Confidence Intervals	p. 80
Calculating a Confidence Interval for a Population Mean	p. 83
Determining the Needed Sample Size	p. 86
Introducing a Population Proportion	p. 87
Connecting a Population Proportion to a Survey	p. 88
Calculating a Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion	p. 88
Digging Deeper into Population Proportions	p. 89
Getting More Practice with Population Proportions	p. 90
Chapter 10 Confidence Intervals tor Two Population Means and Proportions	p. 91
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 91
What to Watch Out For	p. 91
Working with Confidence Intervals and Population Proportions	p. 92
Digging Deeper into Confidence Intervals and Population Proportions	p. 92
Working with Confidence Intervals and Population Means	p. 93
Making Calculations When Population Standard Deviations Are Known	p. 93
Digging Deeper into Calculations When Population Standard Deviations Are Known	p. 94
Working with Unknown Population Standard Deviations and Small Sample Sizes	p. 95
Digging Deeper into Unknown Population Standard Deviations and Small Sample Sizes	p. 95
Chapter 11 Claims, Tests, and Conclusions	p. 97
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 97
What to Watch Out For	p. 97
Knowing When to Use a Hypothesis Test	p. 98
Setting Up Null and Alternative Hypotheses	p. 98
Finding the Test Statistic and the p-Value	p. 100
Making Decisions Based on Alpha Levels and Test Statistics	p. 101
Making Conclusions	p. 101
Understanding Type I and Type II Errors	p. 103
Chapter 12 Hypothesis Testing Basics for a Single Population Mean: z- and t-Tests	p. 105
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 105
What to Watch Out For	p. 105
Knowing What You Need to Run a z-Test	p. 106
Determining Null and Alternative Hypotheses	p. 106
Introducing p-Values	p. 107
Calculating the z-Test Statistic	p. 107
Finding p-Values by Doing a Test of One Population Mean	p. 108
Drawing Conclusions about Hypotheses	p. 108
Digging Deeper into p-Values	p. 109
Digging Deeper into Conclusions about Hypotheses	p. 109
Digging Deeper into Null and Alternative Hypotheses	p. 110
Knowing When to Use a t-Test	p. 111
Connecting Hypotheses to t-Tests	p. 111
Calculating Test Statistics	p. 112
Working with Critical Values of t	p. 112
Linking p-Values and t-Tests	p. 113
Drawing Conclusions from t-Tests	p. 114
Performing a t-Test for a Single Population Mean	p. 115
Drawing More Conclusions from t-Tests	p. 115
Chapter 13 Hypothesis Tests for One Proportion, Two Proportions, or Two Population Means	p. 117
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 117
What to Watch Out For	p. 117
Testing One Population Proportion	p. 118
Comparing Two Independent Population Means	p. 120
Digging Deeper into Two Independent Population Means	p. 121
Getting More Practice with Two Independent Population Means	p. 121
Using the Paired t-Test	p. 122
Digging Deeper into the Paired t-Test	p. 123
Comparing Two Population Proportions	p. 124
Digging Deeper into Two Population Proportions	p. 124
Chapter 14 Surveys	p. 127
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 127
What to Watch Out For	p. 127
Planning and Designing Surveys	p. 128
Selecting Samples and Conducting Surveys	p. 128
Chapter 15 Correlation	p. 131
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 131
What to Watch Out For	p. 131
Interpreting Scatter Plots	p. 132
Creating Scatter Plots	p. 132
Understanding What Correlations Indicate	p. 133
Digging Deeper into Scatter Plots	p. 133
Digging Deeper into What Correlations Indicate	p. 134
Calculating Correlations	p. 134
Noting How Correlations Can Change	p. 135
Looking at the Properties of Correlations	p. 135
Digging Deeper into How Correlations Can Change	p. 136
Making Conclusions about Correlations	p. 136
Getting More Practice with Scatter Plots and Correlation Changes	p. 136
Making More Conclusions about Correlations	p. 137
Chapter 16 Simple Linear Regression	p. 139
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 139
What to Watch Out For	p. 139
Introducing the Regression Line	p. 140
Knowing the Conditions for Regression	p. 140
Examining the Equation for Calculating the Least-Squares Regression Line	p. 140
Finding the Slope and y-Intercept of a Regression Line	p. 141
Seeing How Variables Can Change in a Regression Line	p. 141
Finding a Regression Line	p. 141
Digging Deeper into Finding a Regression Line	p. 142
Connecting to Correlation and Linear Relationships	p. 144
Determining Whether Variables Are Candidates for a Linear Regression Analysis	p. 144
Digging Deeper into Correlations and Linear Relationships	p. 145
Describing Linear Relationships	p. 145
Getting More Practice with Finding a Regression Line	p. 146
Making Predictions	p. 147
Figuring Out Expected Values and Differences	p. 148
Digging Deeper into Expected Values and Differences	p. 149
Digging Deeper into Predictions	p. 150
Getting More Practice with Expected Values and Differences	p. 150
Chapter 17 Two-Way Tables and Independence	p. 153
The Problems You'll Work On	p. 153
What to Watch Out For	p. 153
Introducing Variables and Two-Way Tables	p. 154
Reading a Two-Way Table	p. 154
Interpreting a Two-Way Table by Using Percentages	p. 156
Interpreting a Two-Way Table by Using Counts	p. 156
Connecting Conditional Probabilities to Two-Way Tables	p. 157
Investigating Independent Variables	p. 158
Calculating Marginal Probability and More	p. 159
Adding Joint Probability to the Mix	p. 160
Digging Deeper into Conditional and Marginal Probabilities	p. 161
Figuring Out the Number of Cells in a Two-Way Table	p. 162
Including Conditional Probability	p. 162
Digging into Research Designs	p. 163
Digging Deeper into Two-Way Tables	p. 163
Part II The Answers	p. 165
Chapter 18 Answers	p. 167
Appendix: Tables for Reference	p. 469
Index	p. 481

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Table of Contents