Essentials of UWB

If you are involved in designing, building, selling or regulating UWB devices, this concise and practical guide to UWB technology, standards, regulation, and intellectual property issues will quickly bring you up-to-speed. Packed with practical insights, implementation guidelines, and application examples, Essentials of UWB is a must-have resource for wireless professionals working in the field. Written by key figures in the development of UWB, the book describes UWB technology, and evaluates its suitability for applications in communications, radar, and imaging. UWB radios, protocols and implementation are covered, and a thorough account of UWB industry organization completes the picture. This is an invaluable guide for engineers involved in UWB device design, as well as for product marketing managers, sales support engineers and technical managers. It will also appeal to engineers with a deeper technical understanding of UWB who want to gain knowledge of the broader environment and future evolutionary expectations.

1 Introducing ultra-wideband (UWB)	p. 1
1.1 Ultra-wideband application classes	p. 3
1.1.1 High-data-rate communications	p. 3
1.1.2 Low-data-rate communications	p. 6
1.1.3 Imaging	p. 7
1.1.4 Automotive radar	p. 7
1.2 Next-generation HDR applications	p. 8
1.3 A brief history of ultra-wideband	p. 11
1.4 Summary	p. 17
2 Matching UWB to HDR applications	p. 19
2.1 Speed - specifying UWB	p. 19
2.2 Low cost	p. 26
2.3 Location	p. 28
2.4 Low power consumption	p. 30
2.5 Personal area network architecture	p. 31
2.5.1 Range does not equal goodness	p. 31
2.5.2 The natural stratification of wireless networks	p. 32
2.6 Summary	p. 35
3 Physcial-layer (PHY) characteristics	p. 37
3.1 Multiband	p. 41
3.2 Multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing	p. 43
3.3 Summary	p. 46
4 Media-access control (MAC) layer	p. 48
4.1 Channel selection	p. 52
4.2 Beaconing and synchronization	p. 53
4.3 Multi-rate support	p. 55
4.4 Transmit-power control (TPC)	p. 55
4.5 Power management	p. 56
4.6 Range measurement	p. 57
4.7 Bandwidth reservations	p. 58
4.7.1 Prioritized contention access (PCA)	p. 58
4.7.2 Distributed reservation protocol (DRP)	p. 60
4.8 Co-existence of different protocols	p. 61
4.9 Wireless USB MAC functions	p. 62
4.9.1 Wireless USB addressing	p. 63
4.9.2 Host channel	p. 64
4.10 Summary	p. 64
5 Implementation information	p. 66
5.1 Co-location with other radios on the same platform	p. 66
5.2 Chip-integration considerations	p. 70
5.2.1 Integration	p. 70
5.2.2 Packaging	p. 72
5.3 Antenna Considerations	p. 73
5.3.1 Antenna types	p. 74
5.3.2 Antenna requirements	p. 75
5.3.3 Antenna availability	p. 75
5.4 Radios built on cards vs. integrated designs	p. 76
5.5 Summary	p. 79
6 Upper-layer protocols	p. 81
6.1 Certified wireless USB (CWUSB)	p. 82
6.1.1 Main applications of CWUSB	p. 83
6.1.2 System architecture	p. 83
6.1.3 Protocol description	p. 84
6.1.4 Strengths and weaknesses	p. 85
6.1.5 Main Challenges	p. 85
6.1.6 Application example	p. 86
6.2 WiMedia layer-two protocol (WLP)	p. 86
6.2.1 Main applications	p. 87
6.2.2 System architecture	p. 88
6.2.3 Protocol description	p. 89
6.2.4 Main challenges	p. 90
6.2.5 Strengths and weaknesses	p. 91
6.2.6 Application example	p. 91
6.3 Bluetooth	p. 92
6.3.1 Main applications	p. 93
6.3.2 System architecture	p. 93
6.3.3 Protocol description	p. 95
6.3.4 Main challenges	p. 95
6.3.5 Strengths and weaknesses	p. 96
6.3.6 Application example	p. 97
6.4 Wireless 1394	p. 97
6.4.1 Main applications	p. 97
6.4.2 System architecture	p. 97
6.4.3 Protocol description	p. 98
6.4.4 Main Challenges	p. 98
6.4.5 Strengths and weaknesses	p. 98
6.4.6 Applecation example	p. 98
6.5 Association	p. 99
6.6 Summary	p. 101
7 Ultra-wideband standardization	p. 103
7.1 Ecma International	p. 103
7.2 International Standards Organization (ISO)	p. 104
7.3 ETSI	p. 105
7.4 An international perspective on standardization	p. 106
7.5 Standards' role in international trade	p. 108
7.6 Ultra-wideband in the IEEE	p. 110
7.7 Summary	p. 114
8 Special-interest groups	p. 115
8.1 An overview of UWB special-interest groups	p. 116
8.2 The WiMedia Alliance	p. 117
8.3 The Bluetooth SIG	p. 120
8.4 Universal-Serial-Bus Implementer's Forum	p. 121
8.5 Other SIGs	p. 124
8.6 Special-interest-group (SIG) operations relating to UWB	p. 124
8.6.1 Intellectual-property rights	p. 125
8.6.2 Interoperability and certification testing	p. 131
8.6.3 Membership rights in SIGs	p. 132
8.7 Summary	p. 135
9 Ultra-wideband business issues	p. 137
9.1 Expected changes to the technology over time	p. 137
9.1.1 Planned development in UWB	p. 137
9.1.2 Multiple-radio integration	p. 137
9.1.3 Converging the WAN, LAN and PAN networks	p. 139
9.2 Business and market trends	p. 141
9.2.1 Price erosion	p. 142
9.2.2 Consolidation	p. 143
9.2.3 Rollout expectations	p. 144
9.3 Summary	p. 146
10 Regulating ultra-wideband	p. 148
10.1 An overview on regulation	p. 149
10.2 The beginnings of UWB regulation	p. 150
10.3 Protection vs. innovation	p. 151
10.4 European regulatory leadership	p. 152
10.5 European regulatory bodies and organizations	p. 153
10.5.1 The national administration	p. 154
10.5.2 CEPT	p. 154
10.5.3 The European Union, European Commission and Radio Spectrum Committee	p. 155
10.6 The challenge of regulating UWB in Europe	p. 157
10.7 The first mandate û technical work begins	p. 158
10.7.1 Characterizing ultra-wideband	p. 159
10.7.2 Evaluating UWB's interference potential	p. 160
10.7.3 A zero-interference assumption	p. 163
10.7.4 Report 64	p. 163
10.8 The second mandate	p. 165
10.9 The third mandate	p. 168
10.10 Single entry vs. aggregation	p. 170
10.11 The need for ongoing regulatory work	p. 174
10.12 Moving above 6 GHz	p. 175
10.13 Mitigation techniques	p. 177
10.13.1 Low-data-rate communications (LDC)	p. 178
10.13.2 Detect and avoid (DAA)	p. 179
10.13.3 Ten-second rule	p. 182
10.13.4 No outdoor infrastructure	p. 183
10.13.5 Mains attached	p. 184
10.14 Summary	p. 184
11 Tragedy of the commons	p. 187
11.1 Ultra-wideband spectrum saturation	p. 187
11.2 Saturation of WLAN due to PAN applications	p. 189
11.3 Summary	p. 192
Appendix: Reference documents	p. 194
Author biographies	p. 200
Index	p. 201

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