Cover image for Hydrogeodynamics of oil and gas basins
Title:
Hydrogeodynamics of oil and gas basins
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Dordrecht ; New York : Springer, c2010
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xix, 395 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm.
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9789048128464

9789048128471
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30000010256945 TN870.57 D581 2010 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Existing views on geodynamics (recharge, migration, discharge) of uids at deep layers of petroliferous basins are summarized. The in ltration and elision th- ries explaining development of uid pressures in deep formations are called into question based on quantitative estimates available for some artesian (petroliferous) basins. Using the West Siberian, Pechora, Terek-Kuma, Bukhara-Karshi, and other petroliferous basins as examples, the stratum-block structure of deep formations is substantiated for strati ed systems of platform in inter- and intramontane depr- sions. It is shown that petroliferous reservoirs at great depths are characterized, regardless of lithology, by largely ssure-related capacity and permeability (clayey rocks included) changeable in space and through geological time. Much attention is paid to development of abnormally high formation pressures. Peculiarities in heat and mass transfer at deep levels are considered for different regions. The energetic formation model substantiated for deep uids explains different anomalies (baric, thermal, hydrogeochemical, mineralogical, and others) at deep levels of platforms. Based on hydrogeodynamic considerations, the theory of oil origin and formation of hydrocarbon elds is proposed. The book is of interest for oilmen, hydrogeo- gists, geologists, and specialists dealing with prospecting of petroliferous deposits as well as industrial, mineral, and thermal waters in deep formations of strati ed sedimentary basins. vii Contents 1 Existing Views on Fluidodynamics in Petroliferous Formations . . 1 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2 Investigation Methods of Deep Fluidodynamics . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2. 1 Methods of Formation Pressure Reducing . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2. 2 Assessment of Directions of Density-Variable Fluid Flows by the "Filtration Force" Method . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Table of Contents

1 Existing Views on Fluidodynamics in Petroliferous Formationsp. 1
Referencesp. 1
2 Investigation Methods of Deep Fluidodynamicsp. 15
2.1 Methods of Formation Pressure Reducingp. 16
2.2 Assessment of Directions of Density-Variable Fluid Flows by the "Filtration Force" Methodp. 25
2.3 The Direct Method of Assessing Density-Variable Deep Fluid Flow Directionsp. 26
2.4 Modeling Methods in the Studies of Deep Fluid Flowsp. 27
2.5 Compilation Methods of Regional Potentiometric Maps for Petroliferous Formationsp. 30
2.6 Methods of Compiling Hydrogeodynamic Mapsp. 33
2.7 Investigation Methods of Temperature and Concentration Fieldsp. 34
Referencesp. 35
3 Role of Regional Infiltration Recharge Sources in the Formation of Deep Fluids and Petroliferous Basin Hydrodynamic Zoningp. 37
3.1 Role of Petroliferous Basin Periphery in Recharge of Deep Fluidsp. 37
3.2 Hydrodynamic Zones in Petroliferous Basinsp. 41
Referencesp. 45
4 Elision Recharge and Paleomigration of Deep Fluidsp. 47
Referencesp. 56
5 Genesis of Abnormally High Formation Pressuresp. 59
5.1 The Relaxation Period of Abnormally High Formation Pressuresp. 61
5.2 Possibilities for Development of Fluidodynamic Horizontal Boundaries in Clayey Sequencesp. 63
5.2.1 Variant 1p. 67
5.2.2 Variant 2p. 67
5.2.3 Variant 3p. 69
5.2.4 Variant 4p. 69
5.2.5 Variant 5p. 69
5.2.6 Variant 6p. 69
5.2.7 Variant 7p. 70
5.3 Main Factors and Processes Responsible for Development of Abnormally High Formation Pressuresp. 72
5.3.1 Elision Processesp. 72
5.3.2 Dehydration of Clay Mineralsp. 73
5.3.3 Tectonic Forces (External Factor)p. 74
5.3.4 Additional Rechargep. 81
5.3.5 Catagenetic Processesp. 83
5.3.6 Chemical Processesp. 84
5.3.7 Temperature Changesp. 84
Referencesp. 87
6 Development of Filtration Properties in Deep Formations of Petroliferous Basinshp. 89
6.1 Development of Reservoir Properties in Terrigenous Formationsp. 90
6.1.1 Sedimentation Settingsp. 90
6.1.2 Catagenetic Rock Transformationsp. 94
6.1.3 Compactionp. 94
6.1.4 Dissolutionp. 97
6.1.5 Cementationp. 99
6.1.6 Tectonicsp. 105
6.1.7 Hydraulic Fracturingp. 106
6.2 Development of Reservoir Properties in Carbonate Rocksp. 108
6.2.1 Compactionp. 109
6.3 Formation of Clayey Reservoirsp. 112
6.3.1 Geostatic Compactionp. 113
6.3.2 Temperature and Mineralizationp. 113
6.3.3 Mineralogical Composition of Clayey Rocksp. 115
6.4 Permeability of Saliferous Rocksp. 126
6.5 Conclusionsp. 127
Referencesp. 128
7 Fluidodynamics in Deep Formations of the West Siberian Petroliferous Basinp. 131
7.1 Geological and Tectonic Structurep. 131
7.1.1 Lower-Middle Jurassic Complex (J 1-2 )p. 131
7.1.2 Upper Jurassic-Lower Valanginian Complex (J 3 -K 1 v)p. 133
7.1.3 Lower Cretaceous-Cenomanian Complex (K 1 a-K 2 sm)p. 133
7.1.4 Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene Complex (K 2 -P)p. 134
7.1.5 Paleogene-Quaternary Complex (P-Q)p. 134
7.1.6 Tectonicsp. 134
7.2 Hydrogeological Conditions of the Basinp. 137
7.2.1 Aptian-Cenomanian Aquifer (K 1 a-K 2 sm)p. 137
7.2.2 Neocomian Petroliferous Complex (K 1 v-b)p. 138
7.2.3 Lower-Middle Jurassic Petroliferous Complex (J 1-2 )p. 139
7.3 Some Peculiarities in Filtration Properties of Rocksp. 141
7.4 Influence of Peripheral Areas of the Basin on Fluidodynamics in Petroliferous Formationsp. 147
7.4.1 Characteristic of Areas Providing Recent Infiltration Recharge of Deep Fluidsp. 147
7.4.2 Characteristic of Present-Day Deep, Fluid Discharge Areasp. 150
7.4.3 Discharge Stimulated by Recovery of the Lower Hydrogeological Stage Due to Erosionp. 152
7.4.4 Discharge Along Tectonic Fractures and Brecciation Zonesp. 154
7.4.5 Discharge in the Form of Ascending Migration of Deep Fluids Through Low-Permeability Rocksp. 154
7.5 Influence of the Elision Recharge on Formation Pressures at Deep Levelsp. 160
7.6 Fluidodynamics of Deep Formations in Central Areas of the Basinp. 165
7.6.1 Salym Fieldp. 166
7.6.2 Western Surgut Fieldp. 170
7.6.3 Kharasavei Fieldp. 174
7.6.4 Ust-Balyk Fieldp. 176
7.7 Vertical Paleomigration of Deep Fluidsp. 180
7.8 Main Conclusionsp. 183
Referencesp. 183
8 Fluidodynamics in Hydrocarbon-Bearing Formations of the Northern Pechora Petroliferous Basinp. 187
8.1 Geological Structurep. 187
8.1.1 Paleozoic Group (PZ)p. 187
8.1.2 Cambrian System (C)p. 187
8.1.3 Ordovician System (O)p. 189
8.1.4 Silurian System (S)p. 189
8.1.5 Devonian System (D)p. 189
8.1.6 Carboniferous System (C)p. 191
8.1.7 Permian System (P)p. 191
8.1.8 Mesozoic Group (MZ)p. 192
8.1.9 Triassic System (T)p. 192
8.1.10 Jurassic System (J)p. 193
8.1.11 Cretaceous System (K)p. 193
8.1.12 Cenozoic Group (KZ)p. 193
8.2 Tectonicsp. 194
8.3 Hydrogeological Conditionsp. 195
8.3.1 URper Jurassic-Cretaceous Confining Sequence (J 3 -K)p. 196
8.3.2 Jurassic Aquifer (J)p. 196
8.3.3 Upper Permian-Triassic Aquifer (P 2 -T)p. 197
8.3.4 Lower Permian (Kungurian) Confining Sequence (P2kg)p. 197
8.3.5 Upper Visean-Artinskian Aquifer (C 1 v 3 -P 1 ar)p. 197
8.3.6 Visean Confining Sequence (C 1 v 1 )p. 198
8.3.7 UpperFrasnian-Tournaisian Complex (D 3 f 3 -C 1 t)p. 198
8.3.8 Kynov-Sargaevo (Lower Frasnian) Confining Sequence (D 3 kn-sr)p. 198
8.3.9 .Middle Devonian-Lower Frasnian Aquifer (D2-D3f1)p. 199
8.3.10 Ordovician (Silurian)-Lower Devonian Aquifer (O-D 1 )p. 199
8.3.11 Vendian-Lower Cambrian Aquifer (V-C)p. 200
8.3.12 Riphean Aquifer (R)p. 200
8.4 Methods Used for the Analysis of Fluid Geodynamics in Deep Formations of the Pechora Petroliferous Basinp. 200
8.5 Fluid Dynamics in Deep Formations of Individual Well-Studied Structuresp. 208
8.6 Regional Peculiarities of Fluidodynamics in the Pechora Petroliferous Basinp. 210
8.6.1 Silurian-Lower Devonian Petroliferous Complexp. 212
8.6.2 Upper Permian-Triassic Petroliferous Complexp. 214
8.7 Abnormally High Formation Pressures in the Northern Pechora Petroliferous Basinp. 215
8.8 The Temperature Field in Deep Formationsp. 218
8.9 Distribution of Deep Fluid Mineralizationp. 225
8.10 Typification of Hydrodynamic Blocksp. 232
8.10.1 Blocks of the First Typep. 233
8.10.2 Blocks of the Second Typep. 234
8.10.3 Blocks of the Third Typep. 235
8.10.4 Blocks of the Fourth Typep. 235
8.10.5 Blocks of the Fifth Typep. 236
8.10.6 Blocks of the Sixth Typep. 236
8.11 Conclusionsp. 236
Referencesp. 237
9 Fluidodynamics in Deep Formations of the Eastern Ciscaucasia Petroliferous Basinp. 239
9.1 Geological Structurep. 239
9.1.1 The Jurassic Systemp. 239
9.1.2 The Cretaceous Systemp. 241
9.1.3 The Cenozoic Groupp. 241
9.1.4 The Quaternary System (Q)p. 242
9.2 Tectonicsp. 242
9.3 Hydrogeological Conditionsp. 244
9.3.1 The Maikop Aquiferp. 245
9.3.2 The Paleocene-Eocene Aquiferp. 245
9.3.3 The Upper Cretaceous Petroliferous Complexp. 246
9.3.4 The Lower Cretaceous Petroliferous Complexp. 247
9.3.5 The Upper Jurassic Petroliferous Complexp. 247
9.3.6 The Lower-Middle Jurassic Petroliferous Complexp. 248
9.3.7 The Permian-Triassic Petroliferous Complexp. 249
9.4 Influence of Peripheral Parts of the Basin on Fluidodynamics in Deep Petroliferous Complexesp. 250
9.5 Influence of Elision Recharge on the Formation of Deep Fluid Pressuresp. 261
9.6 Local Fluidodynamics in Individual Structures of the Basinp. 263
9.6.1 The Russkii Khutor Severnyi Settlementp. 267
9.6.2 The Zapadno-Mekteb Fieldp. 269
9.6.3 The Velichaevsk Areap. 269
9.6.4 The Achikulak Areap. 269
9.6.5 The Ozek-Suat Areap. 272
9.7 Abnormally High Formation Pressuresp. 274
9.8 Regional Fluidodynamics in the Eastern Ciscaucasia Petroliferous Basinp. 275
9.9 Conclusionsp. 286
Referencesp. 286
10 Fluidodynamics in Deep Formations of the Bukhara-Karshi Petroliferous Basinp. 287
10.1 Stratigraphyp. 287
10.1.1 Mesozoic Group (MZ)p. 287
10.1.2 Cenozoic Group (KZ)p. 289
10.2 Tectonicsp. 290
10.2.1 Bukhara Stepp. 290
10.2.2 Chardzhou Stepp. 291
10.3 Hydrogeological Conditionsp. 292
10.3.1 Turonian-Paleocene Petroliferous Complexp. 292
10.3.2 Albian-Cenomanian Petroliferous Complexp. 292
10.3.3 Jurassic Petroliferous Complexp. 292
10.4 Influence of Peripheral Basin Areas on Fluidodynamics in Petroliferous Complexesp. 293
10.4.1 Turonian-Paleocene Groundwater Complexp. 293
10.4.2 Albian-Cenomanian Petroliferous Complexp. 295
10.4.3 Jurassic Petroliferous Complexp. 296
10.5 Local Fluidodynamics in Particular Basin Structuresp. 296
10.6 Abnormally High Formation Pressuresp. 298
10.7 Regional Fluidodynamic Features of the Basinp. 303
10.7.1 Jurassic Petroliferous Complexp. 303
10.7.2 Albian-Cenomanian Petroliferous Complexp. 303
10.7.3 Turonian-Paleocene Petroliferous Complexp. 303
10.7.4 Main Inferencesp. 304
Referencesp. 304
11 Heat and Mass Transfer in Deep Formations of Petroliferous Basinsp. 305
11.1 Palynological Analysis: Evidence for Vertical Migration of Deep Fluidsp. 305
11.2 Anomalies in Deep Formations and Vertical Ascending Migration of Deep Fluidsp. 307
11.3 Main Inferencesp. 316
Referencesp. 316
12 Genesis of Boundaries Forming the Stratum-Block Structure of Deep Formations in Petroliferous Basinsp. 319
Referencesp. 325
13 Principal Formation Model of Deep Fluids in Petroliferous Basinsp. 327
Referencesp. 341
14 Oil Origin and Formation of Hydrocarbon Accumulationsp. 343
14.1 Hydrogeological Aspects of Oil Origin and Formation of Hydrocarbon Fieldsp. 344
14.2 Recent Hypotheses (Theories) of Oil Originp. 347
14.2.1 Sedimentary-Migratory Hypothesisp. 347
14.2.2 Shortcomings of the Sedimentary-Migratory Oil Origin "Theory"p. 351
14.2.3 Isotopic Composition of Gasesp. 353
14.2.4 Mineral (Inorganic) Theoryp. 357
14.2.5 Artificial Synthesis of Hydrocarbonsp. 360
14.2.6 Optical Properties of Oilsp. 360
14.2.7 The Mineral-Organic Hypothesisp. 364
14.2.8 Subaqueous Hydrothermal Ventsp. 367
14.2.9 Hydrothermal Springs on Continentsp. 370
14.2.10 Hydrothermal Hydrocarbon Accumulationsp. 374
14.3 Principal Inferencesp. 375
Referencesp. 376
Conclusionp. 381
Indexp. 387