John L. LothRobert J. EnglarRobin Imber and Ernest Rogers and Jane AbramsonF. Kevin Owen and Andrew K. OwenDino Cerchie and Eran Halfon and Andreas Hammerich and Gengxin Han and Lutz Taubert and Lucie-Trouve and Priyank Varghese and Israel WygnanskiScott E. Munro and Krishan K. Ahuja and Robert J. EnglarGregory S. JonesMichael G. Alexander and Scott G. Anders and Stuart K. JohnsonGerald Angle II and Brian O'Hara and Wade Huebsch and James SmithGe-Cheng Zha and Craig D. PaxtonRobert J. Englar and Bryan A. CampbellSteven P. Frith and Norman J. WoodRobert J. EnglarRichard J. Gaeta and Robert J. Englar and Graham BlaylockHermann F. Fasel and Andreas Gross and Stefan WernzEric G. Paterson and Warren J. BakerPeter A. Chang III and Joseph Slomski and Thomas Marino and Michael P. Ebert and Jane AbramsonR. Charles Swanson and Christopher L. Rumsey and Scott G. AndersGregory McGowan and Ashok Gopalarathnam and Xudong Xiao and Hassan HassanWarren J. Baker and Eric G. PatersonGregory McGowan and Ashok GopalarathnamYi Liu and Lakshmi N. Sankar and Robert J. Englar and Krishan K. Ahuja and Richard GaetaJubaraj SahuTerence R. Day

Preface	p. xix
I Overview
Chapter 1 Advantages of Combining BLC Suction with Circulation Control High-Lift Generation	p. 3
Nomenclature	p. 3
Introduction	p. 4
Designing a CC Technology Demonstrator STOL Aircraft	p. 5
1974 Flight Testing of the WVU CC Technology Demonstrator	p. 12
1979 CC Flight Tests with a Grumman Aerospace A-6A	p. 16
Conclusions	p. 18
References	p. 20
Chapter 2 Overview of Circulation Control Pneumatic Aerodynamics: Blown Force and Moment Augmentation and Modification as Applied Primarily to Fixed-Wing Aircraft	p. 23
Nomenclature	p. 23
Introduction	p. 24
Coanda Effect	p. 25
Applications of Circulation Control, Past and Present	p. 28
Powered Lift and Engine Thrust Deflection	p. 48
Other Aircraft Applications	p. 53
Nonflying Applications of Circulation Control	p. 57
Conclusions	p. 63
References	p. 64
Chapter 3 Exploratory Investigations of Circulation Control Technology: Overview for Period 1987-2003 at NSWCCD	p. 69
Nomenclature	p. 69
Introduction	p. 70
Dual-Slotted Cambered Airfoil (LSB)	p. 70
Self-Driven Rotary Thruster (TIPJET)	p. 73
Annular Wing (CC-Duct)	p. 79
Circular Wing (CC-Disc)	p. 85
Miniature Oscillatory Valve (CC-Valve) for Unsteady Wing Load Reduction	p. 91
Dual-Slotted Low Aspect Ratio Wing (CC Hydrofoil)	p. 93
Status of Design Capability	p. 99
Conclusions	p. 100
References	p. 101
II.A Experiments and Applications: Fundamental Flow Physics
Chapter 4 Measurement and Analysis of Circulation Control Airfoils	p. 105
Nomenclature	p. 105
Introduction	p. 106
Experimental Details	p. 107
Sample Results	p. 107
Conclusions	p. 112
References	p. 112
Chapter 5 Some Circulation and Separation Control Experiments	p. 113
Nomenclature	p. 113
Introduction	p. 114
Discussion of Results	p. 118
Conclusions	p. 162
Acknowledgments	p. 164
References	p. 164
Chapter 6 Noise Reduction Through Circulation Control	p. 167
Nomenclature	p. 167
Introduction	p. 168
Background	p. 169
Facilities and Instrumentation	p. 171
Technical Approach	p. 173
Results and Discussion	p. 174
Conclusions	p. 184
Acknowledgments	p. 186
References	p. 186
II.B Experiments and Applications: Aerospace
Chapter 7 Pneumatic Flap Performance for a Two-Dimensional Circulation Control Airfoil	p. 191
Nomenclature	p. 191
Introduction	p. 192
NASA CC Requirements	p. 193
Theoretical Considerations	p. 195
GACC Airfoil Design	p. 202
Experimental Setup	p. 207
Airfoil Performance	p. 216
Conclusions	p. 236
Appendix	p. 237
References	p. 241
Chapter 8 Trailing Edge Circulation Control of an Airfoil at Transonic Mach Numbers	p. 245
Nomenclature	p. 245
Introduction	p. 246
Model Description	p. 247
Instrumentation	p. 251
Facility	p. 252
Test Procedures and Conditions	p. 253
Test Conditions	p. 254
Discussion of Results	p. 254
Conclusions	p. 263
Acknowledgments	p. 275
References	p. 275
Chapter 9 Experimental and Computational Investigation into the Use of the Coanda Effect on the Bell A821201 Airfoil	p. 277
Nomenclature	p. 277
Introduction	p. 278
Experimental Apparatus and Procedure	p. 279
Computational Model and Procedure	p. 282
Experimental Results	p. 285
Computational Results	p. 286
Conclusions	p. 290
References	p. 291
Chapter 10 Novel Flow Control Method for Airfoil Performance Enhancement Using Co-Flow Jet	p. 293
Nomenclature	p. 293
Introduction	p. 294
Results and Discussion	p. 296
Conclusions	p. 311
Acknowledgments	p. 312
References	p. 312
Chapter 11 Experimental Development and Evaluation of Pneumatic Powered-Lift Super-STOL Aircraft	p. 315
Nomenclature	p. 315
Introduction	p. 316
Experimental Apparatus and Test Techniques	p. 320
Wind-Tunnel Evaluations and Results	p. 321
Comparison of Measurements and Predictions	p. 331
Potential Applications	p. 333
Conclusions	p. 333
Acknowledgments	p. 335
References	p. 335
Chapter 12 Use of Circulation Control for Flight Control	p. 337
Nomenclature	p. 337
Introduction	p. 338
Half-Span Cropped-Delta Model	p. 339
Full-Span UAV Configuration	p. 345
Conclusions	p. 352
Acknowledgments	p. 353
References	p. 353
II.C Experiments and Applications: Nonaerospace
Chapter 13 Pneumatic Aerodynamic Technology to Improve Performance and Control of Automotive Vehicles	p. 357
Nomenclature	p. 357
Introduction	p. 357
Basics of Pneumatic Circulation Control Aerodynamics	p. 358
DOE Pneumatic Heavy Vehicle Model Test Results	p. 360
Pneumatic HV Fuel Economy Testing	p. 367
Updated Wind Tunnel Evaluations	p. 371
Pneumatic Sport Utility Vehicles (PSUVs)	p. 374
Conclusions	p. 379
Recommendations	p. 380
Acknowledgments	p. 381
References	p. 381
Chapter 14 Aerodynamic Heat Exchanger: A Novel Approach to Radiator Design Using Circulation Control	p. 383
Nomenclature	p. 383
Introduction	p. 383
Technical Approach	p. 386
Results	p. 389
Conclusions	p. 395
Acknowledgments	p. 397
References	p. 397
III.A Tools for Predicting Circulation Control Performance: NCCR 1510 Airfoil Test Case
Chapter 15 Investigation of Turbulent Coanda Wall Jets Using DNS and RANS	p. 401
Nomenclature	p. 401
Introduction	p. 402
Investigated Configurations	p. 403
Numerical Approach	p. 404
Turbulent Wall Jet on a Circular Cylinder	p. 405
Circulation Control Airfoil	p. 415
Conclusions	p. 418
Acknowledgments	p. 419
References	p. 419
Chapter 16 RANS and Detached-Eddy Simulation of the NCCR Airfoil	p. 421
Nomenclature	p. 421
Introduction	p. 422
Geometry, Conditions, and Data	p. 424
Computational Methods	p. 425
Grid Generation	p. 427
Initial and Boundary Conditions	p. 429
Results	p. 430
Conclusions	p. 441
Acknowledgments	p. 442
References	p. 442
Chapter 17 Full Reynolds-Stress Modeling of Circulation Control Airfoils	p. 445
Nomenclature	p. 445
Introduction	p. 446
Mathematical Development	p. 448
Results	p. 453
Conclusions	p. 465
Acknowledgments	p. 465
References	p. 465
III.B Tools for Predicting Circulation Control Performance: NCCR 103RE Airfoil Test Case
Chapter 18 Aspects of Numerical Simulation of Circulation Control Airfoils	p. 469
Nomenclature	p. 469
Introduction	p. 470
Geometry and Grid	p. 472
Numerical Method	p. 475
Boundary and Initial Conditions	p. 476
Turbulence Modeling	p. 476
Jet Momentum Coefficient	p. 478
Numerical Results	p. 478
Conclusions	p. 495
Acknowledgments	p. 497
Appendix Coordinates of 103RE Airfoil	p. 497
References	p. 497
Chapter 19 Role of Turbulence Modeling in Flow Prediction of Circulation Control Airfoils	p. 499
Nomenclature	p. 499
Introduction	p. 500
Formulation of the Problem	p. 501
Results and Discussion	p. 502
Conclusions	p. 510
Acknowledgments	p. 510
References	p. 510
III.C Tools for Predicting Circulation Control Performance: GACC Airfoil Test Case
Chapter 20 Simulation of Steady Circulation Control for the General Aviation Circulation Control (GACC) Wing	p. 513
Nomenclature	p. 513
Introduction	p. 514
Geometry, Conditions, and Data	p. 515
Computational Methods	p. 516
Grid Generation	p. 518
Initial and Boundary Conditions	p. 521
Computational Resources	p. 523
Results	p. 523
Conclusions	p. 536
Acknowledgments	p. 537
References	p. 537
Chapter 21 Computational Study of a Circulation Control Airfoil Using FLUENT	p. 539
Nomenclature	p. 539
Introduction	p. 540
Configurations and Experiments	p. 541
Numerical Approach	p. 542
Results	p. 545
Conclusions	p. 552
Acknowledgments	p. 553
References	p. 553
III.D Tools for Predicting Circulation Control Performance: Additional CFD Applications
Chapter 22 Computational Evaluation of Steady and Pulsed Jet Effects on a Circulation Control Airfoil	p. 557
Nomenclature	p. 557
Introduction	p. 558
Mathematical and Numerical Formulation	p. 559
Results and Discussion	p. 561
Conclusions	p. 575
Acknowledgment	p. 575
References	p. 575
Chapter 23 Time-Accurate Simulations of Synthetic Jet-Based Flow Control for a Spinning Projectile	p. 579
Nomenclature	p. 579
Introduction	p. 580
Computational Methodology	p. 581
Projectile Geometry and Computational Grid	p. 584
Results	p. 586
Conclusions	p. 594
References	p. 595
IV Exploring a Visionary Use of Circulation Control
Chapter 24 Coanda Effect and Circulation Control for Nonaeronautical Applications	p. 599
Introduction	p. 599
Applications	p. 600
Conclusions	p. 612
Acknowledgments	p. 612
References	p. 612
Index	p. 615
Author Index	p. 623
Supporting Materials	p. 625