Physics of direct hit and near miss warhead technology

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Title:

Personal Author:

Lloyd, Richard M.

Series:

Progress in astronautics and aeronautics ; 194

Publication Information:

Reston, VA : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001

ISBN:

9781563474736

Subject Term:

Antimissile missiles

Ballistic missile defenses

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010127306	TL507 L56 2001	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

This title discusses direct hit technology in conjunction with a class of warheads coined ""near miss or direct hit warhead technology"". These warheads utilize most of their entire volume and mass as damage mechanisms generating 10 to 30 times more mass deployed in the target's direction when compared to today's warheads. Most missiles and kill vehicles of today are direct hit only and do not contain a warhead mechanism. This new book discusses the challenges of designing small lethality enhancement technologies that can be implemented on a direct hit kill vehicle. What makes anti-ballistic missile warhead design so difficult is that a designer must be able to design a warhead against many different tactical ballistic missile payloads. These payloads can vary from chemical submunitions to unitary high explosive to nuclear. Warhead designers of tomorrow must have an understanding of the kill requirement and vulnerabilities of ballistic missile payloads before an optimum direct hit missile or warhead is designed.

Author Notes

Richard Lloyd is current manager of the Warhead Lethality Group of the Raytheon Company Electronic Systems Division. He has extensive hands-on experience with advanced state-of-the-art interceptor missiles, having served as principal investigator on such noteworthy missile projects as the Patriot PAC-2 and, more recently, the MEADS Warhead. A practicing engineer with more than 15 years of experience, Mr. Lloyd has filed for eight patents, published over 30 papers, and earned two engineering degrees

Preface	p. xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction to Near Miss Warhead Technology	p. 1
I. System Design Overview	p. 1
II. Introduction to Advanced Warhead Concept	p. 2
III. Near Miss Warhead Concepts	p. 4
IV. Aimable KE-Rod Warhead	p. 7
V. Isotropic Rod Warheads	p. 8
VI. Jettison Warhead Technology	p. 8
VII. Forward-Firing Warhead Technology	p. 10
VIII. Isotropic and Aimable Mode of Operation	p. 10
IX. Jettison Warhead Mode of Operation	p. 12
X. Direct Hit Considerations	p. 12
XI. A One-Two Punch Approach	p. 14
XII. Improving the Odds	p. 15
XIII. Countermeasure Considerations	p. 17
XIV. Pursuit Evasion Considerations	p. 21
XV. Direct Hit Modeling and Simulation	p. 22
XVI. In-Close Warhead Modeling and Simulation	p. 26
XVII. Endgame Simulation Technology Prototype	p. 27
XVIII. Model Considerations	p. 28
References	p. 29
Chapter 2 Direct Hit Mechanisms	p. 31
I. Direct Hit System Considerations	p. 31
II. Aimpoint Considerations	p. 33
III. Direct Hit Modeling Considerations and Lethality Calculations	p. 44
IV. Far Field Damage Considerations	p. 63
V. Ballast Considerations	p. 81
VI. Direct Hit Testing Techniques	p. 92
References	p. 98
Chapter 3 Kinetic Energy Rod Warhead Physics	p. 99
I. Introduction	p. 99
II. Aimed Kinetic Energy Rod Warhead	p. 101
III. Deployment Considerations	p. 103
IV. Fragment Core Warhead with Jettison Charges	p. 106
V. Aimable Kinetic Energy Rod Warhead with Shield	p. 107
VI. Kinetic Energy Rod Warhead with Foam Core	p. 108
VII. Central Core Design Considerations	p. 111
VIII. Novel Penetrator Concepts	p. 113
IX. Further Novel Concepts	p. 124
X. Isotropic Rod Warhead Concepts	p. 144
XI. Modified Jellyroll Concept	p. 150
XII. Aimable/Isotropic Concepts	p. 170
References	p. 197
Chapter 4 Forward-Firing Warhead Technology	p. 199
I. Introduction	p. 199
II. Forward-Firing Warhead Description	p. 199
III. Fixed Forward-Firing Warhead	p. 201
IV. Gimbaled Forward-Firing Warhead	p. 208
V. Inner Gimbal	p. 211
VI. Motor Considerations	p. 214
VII. Outer Gimbal Considerations	p. 217
VIII. System Design Considerations	p. 221
IX. Obliquity Angle Considerations	p. 228
X. Forward-Firing Warhead Lethality	p. 229
XI. Probability of Inclusion	p. 230
XII. Probability of Kill Considerations	p. 233
XIII. Optimized Fragment Spray Density	p. 239
XIV. Forward-Firing Warhead Options	p. 245
XV. Premade Fragment Warhead Design	p. 246
XVI. Design Equations	p. 249
XVII. Velocity and Angle Distributions	p. 252
XVIII. Hydrocode Modeling of Warhead	p. 256
XIX. Spray Angle Design Trades	p. 260
XX. Fragment Break-up Consideration at Launch	p. 264
XXI. Backward Burning and Other Warhead Concepts	p. 268
XXII. Projectile Charge (P-charge) Warhead Configuration	p. 270
XXIII. P-charge Design Physics	p. 270
XXIV. Summary	p. 273
References	p. 274
Chapter 5 Lethality Enhancement Technology Applied To Kill Vehicles	p. 277
I. Introduction	p. 277
II. LED Design Overview	p. 278
III. Isotropic Toroid Ring Concept	p. 279
IV. Deployment Mechanism Design	p. 280
V. Projectile Design and Selection Criteria	p. 283
VI. Isotropic Spray Pattern Considerations	p. 286
VII. Aimable LED Concept	p. 289
VIII. Aimed LED Design Details	p. 290
IX. Rearward-Firing LED	p. 291
X. Expanding Focused LED	p. 294
XI. Implosion LED Concept	p. 297
XII. Forward-Firing Telescoping LED Concept	p. 298
XIII. Fixed Arm LED Concept	p. 306
XIV. Rotating LED Concept	p. 307
XV. Summary	p. 309
References	p. 310
Chapter 6 Vulnerability of Ballistic Missiles	p. 311
I. Descriptions of TBM Payload Threats	p. 311
II. Vulnerability Overview	p. 313
III. Component Vulnerability	p. 314
IV. Identifying Critical Dudding Components	p. 314
V. TBM Description	p. 315
VI. Critical Dudding Components	p. 316
VII. Vulnerability/Lethality Assessment	p. 317
VIII. Endgame Modeling and Terminal Ballistic Considerations	p. 319
IX. Kill Mechanisms	p. 320
X. Target Perforation Mechanics	p. 321
XI. Rod Penetration Mechanics	p. 326
XII. Star-Like Penetration Equations	p. 328
XIII. Obliquity Considerations	p. 331
XIV. Yaw Considerations	p. 333
XV. Liquid Penetration	p. 334
XVI. Rod Considerations Against Thin Plates	p. 344
XVII. Unitary High Explosive Damage	p. 347
XVIII. Initiation Modeling	p. 349
XIX. Skin Effects on Fragment Impact	p. 352
XX. Hydraulic Ram Effects	p. 357
XXI. Liquid-Filled Submunition/Bomblet	p. 361
XXII. Multiple Impact Effects	p. 364
XXIII. Multiple Impact Modeling Against Ballistic Missiles	p. 367
XXIV. Model Development Concept	p. 367
XXV. Overview of Model	p. 368
XXVI. Fragment Beam Intensity	p. 369
XXVII. RAYSCAN Modeling Against Ballistic Missiles	p. 371
XXVIII. Element Methodology	p. 372
XXIX. Simultaneous Impacts	p. 374
XXX. Submunition Modeling Concepts	p. 376
XXXI. Lethality Test Program	p. 378
XXXII. Test Target Configuration	p. 379
XXXIII. Mat-projector Gun Design	p. 380
XXXIV. Mat-projector Test Setup with TBM Target	p. 382
XXXV. TBM Submunition Target Damage	p. 384
XXXVI. Penetration vs Fragment Spacing	p. 386
XXXVII. Projectile Selection Based on Endgame Modeling	p. 389
XXXVIII. Lethality Simulation Trades	p. 391
XXXIX. Test Overview	p. 392
XL. Blast Effects	p. 392
XLI. Weapon Considerations	p. 393
XLII. Blast Wave Considerations	p. 396
XLIII. Structural Damage Considerations	p. 401
XLIV. Internal Heating Considerations	p. 403
References	p. 405
Index	p. 407

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Author Notes

Table of Contents