Skip to:Content
|
Bottom
Cover image for Software radio architecture :  object-oriented approaches to wireless systems engineering
Title:
Software radio architecture : object-oriented approaches to wireless systems engineering
Personal Author:
Publication Information:
New York : John Wiley, 2000
ISBN:
9780471384922

Available:*

Library
Item Barcode
Call Number
Material Type
Item Category 1
Status
Searching...
30000004789693 TK6570.M6 M55 2000 Open Access Book Book
Searching...
Searching...
30000004876045 TK6570.M6 M55 2000 Open Access Book Book
Searching...

On Order

Summary

Summary

A software radio is a radio whose channel modulation waveforms are defined in software. All wireless telephones are controlled by this software. Written by the leader in the field, this book covers the technology that will allow cellular telephones to greatly expand the types of data they can transmit.


Author Notes

JOSEPH MITOLA III, PhD, introduced the software radio architecture in 1992. He was the founding chair of the software-defined Radio (SDR) Forum in 1996. He teaches industrial courses on the subject in the United States and Europe for clients such as the U.S. Department of Defense. He is also widely published and cited, having served as editor-in-chief for the landmark May 1995 issue of IEEE (NY) Communications Magazine, the April 1999 Journal on Selection Areas in Communication on Software Radios, and the ongoing series Software and DSP in Radio.


Table of Contents

Prefacep. xvii
1 Introduction and Overviewp. 1
I. Revolution and Evolutionp. 1
II. A Systematic Expositionp. 2
III. The Ideal Software Radiop. 2
IV. The Software Radio Functional Architecturep. 5
A. The Software Radio Functional Modelp. 5
B. Functional Interfacesp. 8
C. Architecturep. 9
D. Levels of Abstractionp. 11
V. Basic Signal Processing Streamsp. 13
A. The Real-Time Channel Processing Streamp. 13
B. The Environment Management Streamp. 14
C. On-line Adaptationp. 15
D. Off-Line Software Toolsp. 15
VI. Implementation Alternativesp. 17
A. Defining the Radio Platformp. 19
B. Evolving the Radio Platformp. 23
VII. The Acquisition of Software Radiosp. 24
A. Critical Acquisition Parametersp. 24
B. Channelizationp. 25
C. Programmable Digital Accessp. 26
D. Hardware Modularityp. 27
E. Software Flexibility and Affordabilityp. 27
F. Architecture Opennessp. 28
VIII. Broader Implications of the Software Radiop. 29
A. Type Certificationp. 29
B. Incremental Download Stability and Type Certificationp. 30
C. Spectrum Management Implicationsp. 31
IX. Exercisesp. 33
2 Architecture Evolutionp. 35
I. Technology-Demographicsp. 35
A. Functions, Components, and Design Rulesp. 36
B. Global Restructuring Through 2G and 3G Mobile Cellular Radiop. 38
C. Complexity Equals Softwarep. 40
II. Commercial Architecture Needsp. 45
A. The BellSouth Software-Defined Radio (SDR)p. 46
B. European Perspectivesp. 47
C. Asian Perspectivesp. 51
D. Regional Differencesp. 52
E. Differentiating Market Segmentsp. 54
III. Military Architecture Needsp. 56
A. Defense Information Infrastructuresp. 57
B. Tactical Military Needsp. 58
IV. Open Architecture and Standards Evolutionp. 62
A. The Software-Defined Radio (SDR) Forump. 62
B. Product Standards Organizationsp. 63
C. Air Interface Standardsp. 64
D. The Global Deliberative Processp. 64
V. Architecture Evolution Roadmapp. 69
VI. Exercisesp. 71
3 The Radio Spectrum and RF Environmentp. 73
I. RF Signal Spacep. 73
A. Overview of Radio Bands and Modesp. 74
B. Dynamic Range-Bandwidth Productp. 76
II. HF Band Communications Modesp. 77
A. HF Propagationp. 78
B. HF Air Interface Modesp. 79
C. HF Services and Productsp. 80
III. Low-Band Noise and Interferencep. 81
IV. Low VHF (LVHF) Band Communications Modesp. 82
A. LVHF Propagationp. 83
B. Single-Channel-per-Carrier LVHF Air Interface Modesp. 84
C. LVHF Spread-Spectrum Air Interfacesp. 84
D. LVHF Multichannel Air Interfacesp. 85
E. LVHF Services and Productsp. 85
F. LVHF Software Radiop. 86
V. Multipath Propagationp. 86
VI. VHF Band Communications Modesp. 89
A. VHF Propagationp. 89
B. VHF Air Interface Modesp. 90
C. VHF Services and Productsp. 91
D. VHF SDRp. 91
VII. UHF Band Communications Modesp. 92
A. UHF Propagationp. 92
B. UHF Air Interface Modesp. 93
C. UHF Services and Productsp. 94
D. UHF SDRp. 94
VIII. SHF Band Communications Modesp. 95
A. SHF Propagationp. 96
B. Doppler Shiftp. 96
C. SHF Air Interface Modesp. 97
D. SHF Services and Productsp. 99
E. SHF SDRp. 99
IX. Atmospheric Effectsp. 101
X. EHF Band Communications Modesp. 102
A. EHF Propagationp. 102
B. EHF Air Interface Modesp. 103
C. EHF Services and Productsp. 104
D. EHF SDRp. 104
XI. Satellite Communications Modesp. 104
A. Satellite Propagationp. 105
B. Satellite Air Interface Modesp. 107
C. Satellite Services and Productsp. 109
D. Satcom SDRp. 109
XII. Multiband Multimode Summaryp. 109
XIII. Exercisesp. 110
4 Systems-Level Architecture Analysisp. 112
I. Disaster-Relief Case Studyp. 112
A. Scenariop. 112
B. Needs Analysisp. 114
C. Exercisesp. 116
II. Radio Resource Analysisp. 117
A. Radio Resource Managementp. 117
B. Modeling Spectrum Usep. 120
C. Modeling Spatial Accessp. 128
D. Grade of Service (GoS)p. 132
E. Quality of Service (QoS)p. 137
F. Reviewp. 139
G. Exercisesp. 140
III. Network Architecture Analysisp. 140
A. Network Hierarchiesp. 141
B. Commercial Networksp. 144
C. Military Networksp. 151
D. Mode Parameter Analysisp. 152
IV. Analyzing the Protocol Stacksp. 154
A. Mapping Applications to Protocol Stacksp. 156
B. The Network Layerp. 160
C. The Data Link Layerp. 162
D. The Physical Layer Analysisp. 165
E. Alternate Protocol Stacks: Wireless ATMp. 168
F. Exercisesp. 169
V. Systems-Level Architecture Parametersp. 170
A. Exercisesp. 170
5 Node-Level Architecture Analysisp. 171
I. Architecture Representationp. 172
A. Functional Design Hierarchiesp. 174
B. Object-Oriented Approachesp. 178
C. Reference Platform Integrationp. 180
D. Using UML to Analyze Node Architecturesp. 182
E. A Topological Model of Architecturep. 185
F. The Canonical Software Radio Node Architecturep. 191
G. Digital Signal Processing Flow Parametersp. 199
H. Node-Level Architecture Capability Profilep. 204
I. Exercisesp. 206
II. Industry-Standard Node Architecturesp. 207
A. SDR Forum Architecture Frameworkp. 207
B. ITU-R IMT-2000 Device Architecturep. 213
C. Exercisesp. 213
III. Programmable Digital Radio (PDR) Case Studiesp. 215
A. A Basic Commercial PDRp. 215
B. Multimode Conventional Radiosp. 218
C. GEC's Programmable Digital Radiop. 220
D. ITT Digital Radiop. 221
E. Commercial Progenitors: AirNetp. 223
IV. Technology Pathfindersp. 224
A. COTS Research Pathfindersp. 224
B. SPEAKeasy, the Military Technology Pathfinderp. 225
C. Joint Communications Interoperability Terminalp. 232
V. Exercisesp. 235
6 Segment Design Tradeoffsp. 236
I. Overviewp. 236
II. Antenna Tradeoffsp. 237
III. RF and IF Processing Tradeoffsp. 238
IV. ADC Tradeoffsp. 238
V. Digital Architecture Tradeoffsp. 239
VI. Software Architecture Tradeoffsp. 240
VII. Performance Management Tradeoffsp. 241
VIII. End-to-End Tradeoffsp. 242
IX. Exercisesp. 242
7 Antenna Segment Tradeoffsp. 244
I. RF Accessp. 244
II. Parameter Controlp. 246
A. Linearity and Phase Noisep. 246
B. Parameters for Emitter Locationsp. 246
III. Packaging, Installation, and Operational Challengesp. 247
A. Gain versus Packagingp. 247
B. Bandwidth versus Packagingp. 248
C. Antenna Calibrationp. 248
D. Antenna Separationp. 251
E. Human Body Interactionsp. 252
IV. Antenna Diversityp. 253
A. Spatial Coherence Analysisp. 254
B. Potential Benefits of Spatial Diversityp. 256
C. Spatial and Spectral Diversityp. 257
D. Diversity Architecture Tradeoffsp. 257
V. Programmable Antennasp. 260
VI. Cost Tradeoffsp. 261
VII. Summary and Conclusionsp. 262
VIII. Exercisesp. 263
8 RF/IF Conversion Segment Tradeoffsp. 265
I. RF Conversion Architecturesp. 265
II. Receiver Architecturesp. 267
A. The Superheterodyne Receiverp. 267
B. Direct Conversion Receiverp. 270
C. Digital-RF Receiversp. 271
D. Interference Suppressionp. 272
III. RF Component Technologyp. 277
A. RF MEMSp. 277
B. Superconducting Filtersp. 280
C. Dual-Mode Amplifiersp. 281
D. Electronically Programmable Analog Componentsp. 281
IV. RF Subsystem Performancep. 282
V. RF/IF Conversion Issuesp. 285
VI. Exercisesp. 286
9 ADC and DAC Tradeoffsp. 289
I. Review of ADC Fundamentalsp. 289
A. Dynamic Range (DNR) Budgetp. 290
B. Anti-Aliasing Filtersp. 290
C. Clipping Distortionp. 292
D. Aperture Jitterp. 292
E. Quantization and Dynamic Rangep. 293
F. Technology Limitsp. 294
II. ADC and DAC Tradeoffsp. 294
A. Sigma-Delta (Delta-Sigma) ADCsp. 295
B. Quadrature Techniquesp. 297
C. Bandpass Sampling (Digital Down Conversion)p. 298
D. DAC Tradeoffsp. 300
III. SDR Applicationsp. 301
A. Conversion Rate, Dynamic Range, and Applicationsp. 301
B. ADC Product Evolutionp. 302
C. Low-Power Wireless Applicationsp. 303
D. Digital RFp. 303
IV. ADC Design Rulesp. 305
A. Linearityp. 305
B. Measuring SNRp. 306
C. Noise Floor Matchingp. 307
D. Figure of Meritp. 308
E. Technology Insertionp. 308
F. Architecture Implicationsp. 310
V. Exercisesp. 310
10 Digital Processing Tradeoffsp. 312
I. Metricsp. 312
II. Heterogeneous Multiprocessing Hardwarep. 316
A. Hardware Classesp. 316
B. Digital Interconnectp. 317
III. Applications-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)p. 321
A. Digital Filter ASICsp. 321
B. Forward Error Control (FEC) ASICsp. 323
C. Transceiver ASICsp. 324
D. Architecture Implicationsp. 326
IV. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)p. 329
A. Introduction to FPGAsp. 329
B. Reconfigurable Hardware Platformsp. 330
C. FPGA-DSP Architecture Tradeoffsp. 331
D. Table-Driven Signal Generationp. 332
E. Evolutionary Design of FPGA Functionsp. 333
F. Architecture Implicationsp. 334
V. DSP Architecturesp. 336
A. DSP Cores for Wirelessp. 336
B. Basic DSP: The TMS320C30p. 337
C. Increasing Interconnect Capacity: The C40 and SHARCp. 338
D. Size-Power Tradeoffs: The C54x, and Motorola Chipsp. 339
E. Toward Greater Parallelism: The C80 and C6xxp. 339
F. Summary and Comparison of Contemporary Chipsp. 339
G. Potential Technology Limitsp. 341
VI. INFOSEC Processor Architecturesp. 342
A. The Clipper Chip--Key Escrow Approachp. 342
B. Programmable INFOSEC Modulesp. 342
VII. Host Processorsp. 343
VIII. Architecture Implicationsp. 343
IX. Exercisesp. 345
11 Software Architecture Tradeoffsp. 347
I. The Software Design Processp. 347
II. Top-Down, Object-Oriented Designp. 348
A. Object-Oriented Design for SDRp. 348
B. Defining Software Objectsp. 352
C. Architecture Implicationsp. 358
III. Software Architecture Analysisp. 359
A. SDR Software Architecturep. 359
B. SPEAKeasy I Software Architecturep. 360
C. Characteristics of Top-Level Objectsp. 361
D. Specialized Tasksp. 362
E. SPEAKeasy II Codep. 363
IV. Infrastructure Softwarep. 363
A. Control Flowsp. 365
B. Signal Flowsp. 365
C. Standardizing Flowsp. 365
D. CORBAp. 368
E. Timing, Frequency, and Positioningp. 371
F. Resource Managementp. 373
V. SDR State Machinesp. 374
A. Finite State Automatap. 374
B. Push-Down Automatap. 375
C. Channel-Control State Machinesp. 375
D. Agent State Machinesp. 376
VI. Architecture Implicationsp. 377
A. Communications Services Layerp. 377
B. Radio Applications Layerp. 378
C. Infrastructure Layerp. 380
D. Hardware Platform Layerp. 381
VII. Exercisesp. 382
12 Software Component Characteristicsp. 384
I. Hardware-Software Interfacesp. 384
A. DSP Extensionsp. 385
B. Execution Timingp. 388
C. Aggregate Software Performancep. 390
II. Front-End Processing Softwarep. 392
A. Spectrum Managementp. 394
B. Spectrum Monitoringp. 396
III. Modem Softwarep. 400
A. Modem Complexityp. 400
B. SPEAKeasy II APIp. 400
C. Modulation/Demodulation Techniquesp. 401
D. Synchronizationp. 412
E. Equalizer Complexityp. 413
F. Demodulation Decisionsp. 414
G. Forward Error Control (FEC)p. 416
H. Error Protection Complexity Tradeoffsp. 418
I. Multiple Data Ratesp. 419
J. Link-Level Complexity Driversp. 421
IV. Bitstream Processing Softwarep. 422
V. INFOSEC Softwarep. 423
VI. Internetworking Softwarep. 423
A. Open Systems Interconnect Protocol Stackp. 424
B. Layering Network Accessp. 427
C. Mode Handoverp. 427
VII. Source Segment Softwarep. 428
A. Voice Processing Softwarep. 429
B. Message Processing Softwarep. 429
C. User-Interface Softwarep. 429
VIII. Other Software Issuesp. 432
IX. Architecture Implicationsp. 434
X. Exercisesp. 434
13 Performance Managementp. 437
I. Overview of Performance Managementp. 437
A. Conformable Measures of Demand and Capacityp. 437
B. Initial Demand Estimatesp. 438
C. Facility Utilization Accurately Predicts Performancep. 440
II. Performance Management Process Flowp. 442
III. Estimating Processing Demandp. 444
A. Pseudocode Example--T1 Multiplexerp. 444
B. Quantified Objectsp. 448
C. Thread Analysis and Object Load Factorsp. 450
D. Using the Resource Management Spreadsheetp. 453
IV. Benchmarking Applicationsp. 454
A. The GSM Base Stationp. 454
B. Benchmarking Partial Interference Cancellation Receiversp. 456
C. Benchmarking Handsetsp. 458
V. Specifying Performance Parametersp. 459
A. Facility Utilizationp. 459
B. Response Time Estimationp. 462
C. Throughput Estimation: How Much Hardware?p. 463
D. Probability of Exceeding Specificationsp. 464
VI. Architecture Implicationsp. 466
VII. Exercisesp. 466
14 Smart Antennasp. 467
I. Smart Antenna Domainsp. 467
II. Multibeam Arraysp. 468
III. Adaptive Spatial Nullingp. 470
A. Algorithm Operationp. 472
B. Beamforming Algorithm Complexityp. 475
IV. Space-Time Adaptive Processingp. 475
V. Architecture Implicationsp. 477
A. Smart Antenna Componentsp. 478
B. Design Rulesp. 479
VI. Exercisesp. 480
15 Applicationsp. 482
I. The Design Processp. 482
II. The Disaster-Relief System Designp. 483
A. FEMA Concept of Operations (CONOPS)p. 484
B. Requirements Analysisp. 486
C. System Descriptionp. 488
D. Illustrative Designp. 489
III. Architecture Implicationsp. 491
IV. Exercisesp. 491
16 Reference Architecturep. 493
Referencesp. 495
Glossaryp. 515
Indexp. 533
Go to:Top of Page