Cover image for Biomedical devices and their applications
Title:
Biomedical devices and their applications
Personal Author:
Series:
Biological and medical physics, biomedical engineering
Publication Information:
London : Springer, 2004
ISBN:
9783540222040
Added Author:

Available:*

Library
Item Barcode
Call Number
Material Type
Item Category 1
Status
Searching...
30000010130039 R857.M3 B565 2004 Open Access Book Book
Searching...

On Order

Summary

Summary

Biomedical devices that contact with blood or tissue represent a wide range of products. Depending on their potential harm to a body, medical devices are categorized according to the degree, so their safety can be assured. All biomaterials are by definition designed to contact with a body for a certain period of time. The nature of the body contact, as well as the duration a material contacts with the body may initiate unwanted biological In comparison with invasive devices Oike catheters and medical responses. implants contact directly with tissue or with the circulating blood) non­ invasive devices (like wound-dressings and contact lenses contact with the skin, the sclera, and the mucosa or with open wounds) have a lesser risk of hurting a patient. When blood contacts with a foreign material, plasma proteins become absorpted to the surface within a few seconds. The reactions that follow, the so-called intrinsic pathway lead to the formation of fibrin and activation of platelets and white blood cells, result in blood clot formation.


Table of Contents

1 Biomaterials in Drug Deliveryp. 1
1.1 Introductionp. 1
1.2 Structure and Properties of Hydrogelsp. 3
1.2.1 Equilibrium Swellingp. 5
1.2.2 Network Pore Size Calculationp. 10
1.3 Diffusion in Hydrogelsp. 12
1.3.1 Macroscopic Analysisp. 13
1.3.2 Network Structural Effectsp. 15
1.3.3 Experimental Determination of Diffusion Coefficientsp. 20
1.4 Classificationsp. 23
1.4.1 Diffusion-Controlled Release Systemsp. 23
1.4.2 Swelling-Controlled Release Systemsp. 25
1.4.3 Chemically Controlled Release Systemsp. 26
1.4.4 Environmentally Responsive Systemsp. 28
Referencesp. 30
2 Drug Delivery Systems for Localized Treatment of Diseasep. 33
2.1 Introductionp. 33
2.2 Drug Delivery Systemsp. 33
2.2.1 Diffusion-Controlled Drug Delivery Devicesp. 36
2.2.2 Water-Controlled Drug Delivery Devicesp. 39
2.2.3 Chemically Controlled Drug Delivery Devicesp. 40
2.2.4 Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systemsp. 41
2.3 Drug Delivery to the Lungp. 42
2.4 Bone Infection Treatmentp. 44
2.5 Cancer Treatmentp. 48
2.5.1 Intratumoral Versus Systemic Deliveryp. 48
2.5.2 Liver Cancerp. 49
2.5.3 Neurological Cancerp. 51
2.5.4 Dermatological (Head and Neck/Skin) Cancerp. 52
2.5.5 Skeletal Cancerp. 53
2.5.6 Breast Cancerp. 54
2.6 Conclusionsp. 55
Acknowledgementp. 56
Referencesp. 56
3 Application of Protein Electrophoresis Techniquesp. 61
3.1 Introductionp. 61
3.2 Common Electrophoretic Systems for Separation and Characterization of Proteinsp. 62
3.2.1 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)p. 63
3.2.2 Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis: SDS-PAGEp. 64
3.2.3 Other Common Electrophoretic Separation Techniquesp. 68
3.3 Protein Visualization: What You See Depends on How You Lookp. 71
3.4 Variables of State with Respect to Protein Binding at a Material Surfacep. 75
3.5 Some Recent Applications of Protein Electrophoresis in Biomaterials Sciencep. 79
3.6 Electrophoretic Characterization of the Interaction of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Proteins with Glass Surfaces: A Case Studyp. 81
3.6.1 Protein Bindingp. 81
3.6.2 Analyses of Adsorbed Proteins: General Considerationsp. 84
3.6.3 Analyses of Adsorbed Proteins from Several Types of Glasses Via SDS-PAGE and Native-PAGEp. 86
3.7 Conclusionsp. 90
Referencesp. 90
4 Xenoestrogens as Endocrine Disruptersp. 93
4.1 Introductionp. 93
4.2 Prevalence and Biological Effectsp. 95
4.2.1 Classes of Xenoestrogens and Human Exposurep. 95
4.2.2 Xenoestrogens and Wildlife Reproductionp. 96
4.2.3 The Unfortunate Consequences of Human Exposure to DESp. 97
4.2.4 Xenoestrogens and Tumorigenesisp. 99
4.3 Mechanism of Actionp. 100
4.3.1 Estrogen Receptors: Structure and Functionp. 100
4.3.2 Agonistic and Antagonistic Actionsp. 103
4.3.3 Metabolism and Genotoxicityp. 104
4.4 Bisphenol A: An Estrogenic Compound in Unexpected Placesp. 105
4.4.1 BPA: Prevalence and Discovery of Estrogenicityp. 105
4.4.2 Binding Affinity and in Vitro Actionsp. 107
4.4.3 Effects of BPA on Adult Animalsp. 108
4.4.4 Developmental Effects of Xenoestrogensp. 112
4.5 Summary and Perspectivesp. 114
Referencesp. 114
5 Medical Devicesp. 119
5.1 Research Management for the Development of Medical Devicesp. 119
5.1.1 Introductionp. 119
5.1.2 A Multidisciplinary Approach to Medical Product Developmentp. 120
5.1.3 Constructive Medical Technology Assessmentp. 121
5.1.4 Concurrent Engineeringp. 123
5.2 Biological Evaluation of Medical Devicesp. 124
5.2.1 Categories of Medical Devicesp. 124
5.2.2 Animal Experimentsp. 126
5.3 Applicationsp. 127
5.3.1 Mechanical Circulatory Support Systemsp. 128
5.3.2 An Extendable Modular Endoprosthetic System for Bone Tumor Management in the Legp. 140
5.3.3 The Groningen Temporomandibular Joint Prosthesisp. 145
5.3.4 Laryngeal Prosthesisp. 155
5.3.5 Tracheostoma Valvesp. 171
5.3.6 Fixation of Tracheostoma Valvesp. 177
5.3.7 Voice-Producing Prosthesisp. 184
Referencesp. 189
Indexp. 201