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Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
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Searching... | 30000010130039 | R857.M3 B565 2004 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
Biomedical devices that contact with blood or tissue represent a wide range of products. Depending on their potential harm to a body, medical devices are categorized according to the degree, so their safety can be assured. All biomaterials are by definition designed to contact with a body for a certain period of time. The nature of the body contact, as well as the duration a material contacts with the body may initiate unwanted biological In comparison with invasive devices Oike catheters and medical responses. implants contact directly with tissue or with the circulating blood) non invasive devices (like wound-dressings and contact lenses contact with the skin, the sclera, and the mucosa or with open wounds) have a lesser risk of hurting a patient. When blood contacts with a foreign material, plasma proteins become absorpted to the surface within a few seconds. The reactions that follow, the so-called intrinsic pathway lead to the formation of fibrin and activation of platelets and white blood cells, result in blood clot formation.
Table of Contents
1 Biomaterials in Drug Delivery | p. 1 |
1.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
1.2 Structure and Properties of Hydrogels | p. 3 |
1.2.1 Equilibrium Swelling | p. 5 |
1.2.2 Network Pore Size Calculation | p. 10 |
1.3 Diffusion in Hydrogels | p. 12 |
1.3.1 Macroscopic Analysis | p. 13 |
1.3.2 Network Structural Effects | p. 15 |
1.3.3 Experimental Determination of Diffusion Coefficients | p. 20 |
1.4 Classifications | p. 23 |
1.4.1 Diffusion-Controlled Release Systems | p. 23 |
1.4.2 Swelling-Controlled Release Systems | p. 25 |
1.4.3 Chemically Controlled Release Systems | p. 26 |
1.4.4 Environmentally Responsive Systems | p. 28 |
References | p. 30 |
2 Drug Delivery Systems for Localized Treatment of Disease | p. 33 |
2.1 Introduction | p. 33 |
2.2 Drug Delivery Systems | p. 33 |
2.2.1 Diffusion-Controlled Drug Delivery Devices | p. 36 |
2.2.2 Water-Controlled Drug Delivery Devices | p. 39 |
2.2.3 Chemically Controlled Drug Delivery Devices | p. 40 |
2.2.4 Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems | p. 41 |
2.3 Drug Delivery to the Lung | p. 42 |
2.4 Bone Infection Treatment | p. 44 |
2.5 Cancer Treatment | p. 48 |
2.5.1 Intratumoral Versus Systemic Delivery | p. 48 |
2.5.2 Liver Cancer | p. 49 |
2.5.3 Neurological Cancer | p. 51 |
2.5.4 Dermatological (Head and Neck/Skin) Cancer | p. 52 |
2.5.5 Skeletal Cancer | p. 53 |
2.5.6 Breast Cancer | p. 54 |
2.6 Conclusions | p. 55 |
Acknowledgement | p. 56 |
References | p. 56 |
3 Application of Protein Electrophoresis Techniques | p. 61 |
3.1 Introduction | p. 61 |
3.2 Common Electrophoretic Systems for Separation and Characterization of Proteins | p. 62 |
3.2.1 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) | p. 63 |
3.2.2 Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis: SDS-PAGE | p. 64 |
3.2.3 Other Common Electrophoretic Separation Techniques | p. 68 |
3.3 Protein Visualization: What You See Depends on How You Look | p. 71 |
3.4 Variables of State with Respect to Protein Binding at a Material Surface | p. 75 |
3.5 Some Recent Applications of Protein Electrophoresis in Biomaterials Science | p. 79 |
3.6 Electrophoretic Characterization of the Interaction of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Proteins with Glass Surfaces: A Case Study | p. 81 |
3.6.1 Protein Binding | p. 81 |
3.6.2 Analyses of Adsorbed Proteins: General Considerations | p. 84 |
3.6.3 Analyses of Adsorbed Proteins from Several Types of Glasses Via SDS-PAGE and Native-PAGE | p. 86 |
3.7 Conclusions | p. 90 |
References | p. 90 |
4 Xenoestrogens as Endocrine Disrupters | p. 93 |
4.1 Introduction | p. 93 |
4.2 Prevalence and Biological Effects | p. 95 |
4.2.1 Classes of Xenoestrogens and Human Exposure | p. 95 |
4.2.2 Xenoestrogens and Wildlife Reproduction | p. 96 |
4.2.3 The Unfortunate Consequences of Human Exposure to DES | p. 97 |
4.2.4 Xenoestrogens and Tumorigenesis | p. 99 |
4.3 Mechanism of Action | p. 100 |
4.3.1 Estrogen Receptors: Structure and Function | p. 100 |
4.3.2 Agonistic and Antagonistic Actions | p. 103 |
4.3.3 Metabolism and Genotoxicity | p. 104 |
4.4 Bisphenol A: An Estrogenic Compound in Unexpected Places | p. 105 |
4.4.1 BPA: Prevalence and Discovery of Estrogenicity | p. 105 |
4.4.2 Binding Affinity and in Vitro Actions | p. 107 |
4.4.3 Effects of BPA on Adult Animals | p. 108 |
4.4.4 Developmental Effects of Xenoestrogens | p. 112 |
4.5 Summary and Perspectives | p. 114 |
References | p. 114 |
5 Medical Devices | p. 119 |
5.1 Research Management for the Development of Medical Devices | p. 119 |
5.1.1 Introduction | p. 119 |
5.1.2 A Multidisciplinary Approach to Medical Product Development | p. 120 |
5.1.3 Constructive Medical Technology Assessment | p. 121 |
5.1.4 Concurrent Engineering | p. 123 |
5.2 Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices | p. 124 |
5.2.1 Categories of Medical Devices | p. 124 |
5.2.2 Animal Experiments | p. 126 |
5.3 Applications | p. 127 |
5.3.1 Mechanical Circulatory Support Systems | p. 128 |
5.3.2 An Extendable Modular Endoprosthetic System for Bone Tumor Management in the Leg | p. 140 |
5.3.3 The Groningen Temporomandibular Joint Prosthesis | p. 145 |
5.3.4 Laryngeal Prosthesis | p. 155 |
5.3.5 Tracheostoma Valves | p. 171 |
5.3.6 Fixation of Tracheostoma Valves | p. 177 |
5.3.7 Voice-Producing Prosthesis | p. 184 |
References | p. 189 |
Index | p. 201 |