Building control with passive dampers : optimal perrformance-based design for earthquakes

The recent introduction of active and passive structural control methods has given structural designers powerful tools for performance-based design. However, structural engineers often lack the tools for the optimal selection and placement of such systems. In Building Control with Passive Dampers , Takewaki brings together most the reliable, state-of-the-art methods in practice around the world, arming readers with a real sense of how to address optimal selection and placement of passive control systems. The first book on optimal design, sizing, and location selection of passive dampers Combines theory and practical applications Describes step-by-step how to obtain optimal damper size and placement Covers the state-of-the-art in optimal design of passive control Integrates the most reliable techniques in the top literature and used in practice worldwide Written by a recognized expert in the area MATLAB code examples available from the book's Companion Website

This book is essential for post-graduate students, researchers, and design consultants involved in building control. Professional engineers and advanced undergraduates interested in seismic design, as well as mechanical engineers looking for vibration damping techniques, will also find this book a helpful reference.

Code examples available at www.wiley.com/go/takewaki

Author Notes

Izuru Takewaki is a Professor of Urban and Environmental Engineering at Kyoto University and Associate Dean of the Graduate School of Engineering. His research interests include seismic resistant design of building structures, soil-structure interaction, systematization of structural design process, system identification & health monitoring, surface ground analysis, and inverse problems in vibration. He has won awards from the Architectural Institute of Japan in 1990 and 2004 for research related to earthquake-response in structures and design methods using inverse problem approaches. Takewaki is an active member of numerous civil engineering and earthquake engineering societies and journal review boards, and has held visiting appointments at Cambridge, UC Berkley and San Diego. Takewaki holds a Bachelors, Masters, and Ph D degrees in Engineering from Kyoto University.

Preface	p. xi
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Background and Review	p. 1
1.2 Fundamentals of Passive-damper Installation	p. 3
1.2.1 Viscous Dampers	p. 4
1.2.2 Visco-elastic Dampers	p. 5
1.3 Organization of This Book	p. 6
References	p. 9
2 Optimally Criteria-based Design: Single Criterion in Terms of Transfer Function	p. 13
2.1 Introduction	p. 13
2.2 Incremental Inverse Problem: Simple Example	p. 15
2.3 Incremental Inverse Problem: General Formulation	p. 19
2.4 Numerical Examples I	p. 21
2.4.1 Viscous Damping Model	p. 21
2.4.2 Hysteretic Damping Model	p. 23
2.4.3 Six-DOF Models with Various Possibilities of Damper Placement	p. 24
2.5 Optimality Criteria-based Design of Dampers: Simple Example	p. 27
2.5.1 Optimality Criteria	p. 33
2.5.2 Solution Algorithm	p. 34
2.6 Optimality Criteria-based Design of Dampers: General Formulation	p. 36
l2.7 Numerical Examples II	p. 39
2.7.1 Example 1: Model with a Uniform Distribution of Story Stiffnesses	p. 39
2.7.2 Example 2: Model with a Uniform Distribution of Amplitudes of Transfer Functions	p. 41
2.8 Comparison with Other Methods	p. 43
2.8.1 Method of Lopez Garcia	p. 43
2.8.2 Method of Trombetti and Silvestri	p. 44
2.9 Summary	p. 44
Appendix 2.A p. 46
References	p. 48
3 Optimality Criteria-based Design: Multiple Criteria-in Terms of Seismic Responses	p. 51
3.1 Introduction	p. 51
3.2 Illustrative Example	p. 52
3.3 General Problem	p. 54
3.4 Optimality Criteria	p. 56
3.5 Solution Algorithm	p. 56
3.6 Numerical Examples	p. 63
3.6.1 Multicriteria Plot	p. 73
3.7 Summary	p. 74
References	p. 75
4 Optimal Sensitivity-based Design of Dampers in Moment-resisting Frames	p. 77
4.1 Introduction	p. 77
4.2 Viscous-type Modeling of Damper Systems	p. 78
4.3 Problem of Optimal Damper Placement and Optimality Criteria (Viscous-type Modeling)	p. 78
4.3.1 Optimality Criteria	p. 81
4.4 Solution Algorithm (Viscous-type Modeling)	p. 82
4.5 Numerical Examples I (Viscous-type Modeling)	p. 87
4.6 Maxwell-type Modeling of Damper Systems	p. 91
4.6.1 Modeling of a Main Frame	p. 91
4.6.2 Modeling of a Damper-Support-member System	p. 91
4.6.3 Effects of Support-Member Stiffnesses on Performance of Dampers	p. 93
4.7 Problem of Optimal Damper Placement and Optimality Criteria (Maxwell-type Modeling)	p. 94
4.7.1 Optimality Criteria	p. 96
4.8 Solution Algorithm (Maxwell-type Modeling)	p. 97
4.9 Numerical Examples II (Maxwell-type Modeling)	p. 100
4.10 Nonmonotonic Sensitivity Case	p. 104
4.11 Summary	p. 106
Appendix 4.A p. 108
References	p. 109
5 Optimal Sensitivity-based Design of Dampers in Three-dimensional Buildings	p. 111
5.1 Introduction	p. 111
5.2 Problem of Optimal Damper Placement	p. 112
5.2.1 Modeling of Structure	p. 112
5.2.2 Mass, Stiffness, and Damping Matrices	p. 113
5.2.3 Relation of Element-end Displacements with Displacements at Center of Mass	p. 113
5.2.4 Relation of Forces at Center of Mass due to Stiffness Element K(i, j) with Element-end Forces	p. 114
5.2.5 Relation of Element-end Forces with Element-end Displacements	p. 114
5.2.6 Relation of Forces at Center of Mass due to Stiffness Element K(i, j) with Displacements at Center of Mass	p. 115
5.2.7 Equations of Motion and Transfer Function Amplitude	p. 116
5.2.8 Problem of Optimal Damper Positioning	p. 117
5.3 Optimality Criteria and Solution Algorithm	p. 118
5.4 Nonmonotonic Path with Respect to Damper Level	p. 123
5.5 Numerical Examples	p. 125
5.6 Summary	p. 129
References	p. 130
6 Optimal Sensitivity-based Design of Dampers in Shear Buildings on Surface Ground under Earthquake Loading	p. 131
6.1 Introduction	p. 131
6.2 Building and Ground Model	p. 132
6.3 Seismic Response	p. 134
6.4 Problem of Optimal Damper Placement and Optimality Criteria	p. 136
6.4.1 Optimality Conditions	p. 136
6.5 Solution Algorithm	p. 137
6.6 Numerical Examples	p. 140
6.7 Summary	p. 147
Appendix 6.A p. 149
Appendix 6.B p. 150
References	p. 150
7 Optimal Sensitivity-based Design of Dampers in Bending-shear Buildings on Surface Ground under Earthquake Loading	p. 153
7.1 Introduction	p. 153
7.2 Building and Ground Model	p. 154
7.2.1 Ground Model	p. 154
7.2.2 Building Model	p. 156
7.3 Equations of Motion in Ground	p. 158
7.4 Equations of Motion in Building and Seismic Response	p. 159
7.5 Problem of Optimal Damper Placement and Optimality Criteria	p. 161
7.5.1 Optimality Conditions	p. 161
7.6 Solution Algorithm	p. 162
7.7 Numerical Examples	p. 165
7.8 Summary	p. 171
Appendix 7.A p. 175
Appendix 7.B p. 175
References	p. 176
8 Optimal Sensitivity-based Design of Dampers in Shear Buildings with TMDs on Surface Ground under Earthquake Loading	p. 179
8.1 Introduction	p. 179
8.2 Building with a TMD and Ground Model	p. 180
8.3 Equations of Motion and Seismic Response	p. 182
8.4 Problem of Optimal Damper Placement and Optimality Criteria	p. 185
8.4.1 Optimality Conditions	p. 185
8.5 Solution Algorithm	p. 186
8.6 Numerical Examples	p. 189
8.7 Whole Model and Decomposed Model	p. 196
8.8 Summary	p. 199
Appendix 8.A p. 199
Appendix 8.B p. 201
Appendix 8.C p. 202
References	p. 203
9 Design of Dampers in Shear Buildings with Uncertainties	p. 205
9.1 Introduction	p. 205
9.2 Equations of Motion and Mean-square Response	p. 206
9.3 Critical Excitation	p. 208
9.4 Conservativeness of Bounds (Recorded Ground Motions)	p. 211
9.5 Design of Dampers in Shear Buildings under Uncertain Ground Motions	p. 213
9.5.1 Optimality Conditions	p. 218
9.5.2 Solution Algorithm	p. 218
9.6 Numerical Examples I	p. 221
9.7 Approach Based on Info-gap Uncertainty Analysis	p. 223
9.7.1 Info-gap Robustness Function	p. 226
9.7.2 Earthquake Input Energy to an SDOF System	p. 227
9.7.3 Earthquake Input Energy to an MDOF System	p. 230
9.7.4 Critical Excitation Problem for Acceleration Power	p. 232
9.8 Evaluation of Robustness of Shear Buildings with Uncertain Damper Properties under Uncertain Ground Motions	p. 234
9.8.1 Load Uncertainty Representation in Terms of Info-gap Models	p. 234
9.8.2 Info-gap Robustness Function for Load and Structural Uncertainties	p. 235
9.9 Numerical Examples II	p. 237
9.10 Summary	p. 243
Appendix 9.A p. 244
Appendix 9.B p. 245
References	p. 246
10 Theoretical Background of Effectiveness of Passive Control System	p. 249
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Earthquake Input Energy to SDOF model	p. 250
10.3 Constant Earthquake Input Energy Criterion in Time Domain	p. 252
10.4 Constant Earthquake Input Energy Criterion to MDOF Model in Frequency Domain	p. 253
10.5 Earthquake Input Energy as Sum of Input Energies to Subassemblages	p. 255
10.6 Effectiveness of Passive Dampers in Terms of Earthquake Input Energy	p. 259
10.7 Advantageous Feature of Frequency-domain Method	p. 261
10.8 Numerical Examples for Tall Buildings with Supplemental Viscous Dampers and Base-isolated Tall Buildings	p. 263
10.8.1 Tall Buildings with Supplemental Viscous Dampers	p. 263
10.8.2 Base-isolated Tall Buildings	p. 265
10.8.3 Energy Spectra for Recorded Ground Motions	p. 266
10.9 Summary	p. 271
References	p. 272
11 Inelastic Dynamic Critical Response of Building Structures with Passive Dampers	p. 275
11.1 Introduction	p. 275
11.2 Input Ground Motion	p. 276
11.2.1 Acceleration Power and Velocity Power of Sinusoidal Motion	p. 276
11.2.2 Pulse-like Wave and Long-period Ground Motion	p. 277
11.3 Structural Model\|280
11.3.1 Main Frame	p. 280
11.3.2 Building Model with Hysteretic Dampers	p. 281
11.3.3 Building Model with Viscous Dampers	p. 283
11.3.4 Dynamic Response Evaluation	p. 283
11.4 Response Properties of Buildings with Hysteretic or Viscous Dampers	p. 283
11.4.1 Two-dimensional Sweeping Performance Curves	p. 283
11.4.2 Two-dimensional Sweeping Performance Curves with Respect to Various Normalization Indices of Ground Motion	p. 285
11.5 Upper Bound of Total Input Energy to Passively Controlled Inelastic Structures Subjected to Resonant Sinusoidal Motion	p. 288
11.5.1 Structure with Supplemental Viscous Dampers	p. 290
11.5.2 Structure with Supplemental Hysteretic Dampers	p. 291
11.6 Relationship of Maximum Interstory Drift of Uncontrolled Structures with Maximum Velocity of Ground Motion	p. 293
11.7 Relationship of Total Input Energy to Uncontrolled Structures with Velocity Power of Ground Motion	p. 295
11.8 Summary	p. 296
Appendix 11.A p. 297
Appendix 11.B p. 298
Appendix 11.C p. 300
References	p. 301
Index	p. 303

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