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Summary
Summary
This examination of The People Capability Maturity Model (P-CMM) looks at key practices that correspond to each level of CMM maturity; how the P-CMM can be applied both as a standard for accessing workforce practices and as a guide in planning and implementing improvement activities; and at how to integrate workforce improvement with software process improvement programs guided by CMM.
Author Notes
Bill Curtis is cofounder and chief scientist of TeraQuest Metrics, Inc., and the principal architect and author of the People CMM. While at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) at Carnegie Mellon University, Dr. Curtis led the program that published the Capability Maturity Model for Software, v1.1. His doctorate is in industrial/organizational psychology and statistics.
Dr. William E. Hefley is a clinical associate professor at the Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business and the College of Business Administration at the University of Pittsburgh. He is the managing principal consultant with Pinnacle Global Management, LLC, a global consulting firm. He is also associated with ITSqc, LLC, whose mission is to evolve capability models and certification methods for organizations involved in sourcing relationships. He is currently working in the areas of IT-enabled sourcing from the perspectives of both service providers (the eSCM-SP) and their clients, and he led the effort to develop the eSCM for Client Organizations (eSCM-CL). Dr. Hefley teaches IT, service science, service innovation, and sourcing management courses, and is a frequent lecturer on service innovation and global software delivery. He also supervises graduate studies and projects related to sourcing relationships, software process management, human capital management, and knowledge management. He was previously on the faculty at Carnegie Mellon University and was a senior member of the technical staff at the SEI, where he led the team that developed the People CMM. Dr. Hefley received his Ph.D. in organization science and information technology from Carnegie Mellon University. He also received an M.S. in engineering and public policy from Carnegie Mellon University and an M.S.S.M from the University of Southern California. He also received a B.S. in computer science and political science, and a B.A. (with distinction) in psychology. He is currently on the editorial boards of several journals and is series editor for the Springer book series on Service Science: Research and Innovations in the Service Economy.
Sally A. Miller , coauthor of the People CMM, is a member of the technical staff at the SEI, and a veteran human resources professional. She manages the People CMM Lead Assessor Track of the SEI's Lead Appraiser Program.
Excerpts
Excerpts
The Need for an Agile Workforce Organizations are now competing in two markets, one for their products and services and one for the talent required to produce or perform them. An organization's success in its business markets is determined by its success in the talent market. At the very time that business markets are expanding, talent markets seem to be shrinking. As the knowledge required to build products and deliver services increases, the retention of experienced employees becomes critical to improving productivity and time to market. In areas such as software development and nursing, the shortage of talent is so great that companies are beginning to offer incentives that were once available only to executives or professional athletes. In every domain of business, executives know that their ability to compete is directly related to their ability to attract, develop, motivate, organize, and retain talented people. Yet the people-related challenges of the business stretch far beyond recruiting and retention. Competing for talent and recruiting the best is not enough, and focusing just on winning the "talent wars" can be damaging to the organization Pfeffer 01. As agility in responding to continual change in technological and business conditions has become critical to success, organizations must strive to create learning environments capable of rapidly adjusting to the changes engulfing them. A critical component of agility is a workforce with the knowledge and skills to make rapid adjustments and the willingness to acquire new competencies. In fact, an agile workforce may reduce some of the stress currently being experienced as a talent shortage. Organizations have attempted to apply many different techniques in their efforts to move toward strategic human capital management. They combine downsizing with restructuring, apply reengineering or process improvement, clearly communicate the organization's mission, improve information sharing, institute employee involvement programs, establish formal complaint-resolution procedures, institute gain-sharing or other incentive plans, emphasize the importance of training the workforce, formalize performance management and feedback processes, perform job or work analysis and design, support job rotation, begin to establish team-based work designs, retrain employees to meet changing demands, provide flexible work arrangements, address diversity issues, conduct formal mentoring programs, and align business and human resource strategies Becker 96, Becker 98, Mirvis 97. What many organizations lack is a framework for implementing these advanced practices. People Capability Maturity Model Framework The People Capability Maturity Model (People CMM) is a tool to help you successfully address the critical people issues in your organization. The People CMM employs the process maturity framework of the highly successful Capability Maturity Model for Software(SW-CMM) Carnegie Mellon University 95 as a foundation for a model of best practices for managing and developing an organization's workforce. The Software CMM has been used by software organizations around the world for guiding dramatic improvements in their ability to improve productivity and quality, reduce costs and time to market, and increase customer satisfaction. Based on the best current practices in fields such as human resources, knowledge management, and organizational development, the People CMM guides organizations in improving their processes for managing and developing their workforce. The People CMM helps organizations characterize the maturity of their workforce practices, establish a program of continuous workforce development, set priorities for improvement actions, integrate workforce development with process improvement, and establish a culture of excellence. Since Excerpted from The People Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Workforce by Deborah Phillips, Bill Curtis, William E. Hefley, Sally A. Miller All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.Table of Contents
Preface | p. xi |
The Need for an Agile Workforce | p. xi |
People Capability Maturity Model Framework | p. xii |
Structure of This Book | p. xii |
The Content of the People CMM | p. xiii |
Audience | p. xiv |
Feedback Information | p. xv |
Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
Part 1 The People Capability Maturity Model: Background, Concepts, Structure, and Usage | p. 1 |
1 The Process Maturity Framework | p. 3 |
1.1 What Is the People CMM? | p. 4 |
1.2 Why Do We Need a People CMM? | p. 5 |
1.3 What Is the Process Maturity Framework? | p. 7 |
1.4 How Did the Process Maturity Framework Spread? | p. 10 |
1.5 Why Did the People CMM Emerge in the Software Industry? | p. 12 |
2 Overview of the People CMM | p. 15 |
2.1 Organizational Maturity | p. 15 |
2.2 Maturity Levels in the People CMM | p. 16 |
2.3 Behavioral Characteristics of Maturity Levels | p. 17 |
2.3.1 The Initial Level: Maturity Level 1 | p. 18 |
2.3.2 The Managed Level: Maturity Level 2 | p. 19 |
2.3.3 The Defined Level: Maturity Level 3 | p. 21 |
2.3.4 The Predictable Level: Maturity Level 4 | p. 24 |
2.3.5 The Optimizing Level: Maturity Level 5 | p. 26 |
3 People CMM Process Areas | p. 29 |
3.1 Process Area | p. 29 |
3.2 The Process Areas of the People CMM | p. 29 |
3.2.1 The Initial Level: Maturity Level 1 | p. 29 |
3.2.2 The Managed Level: Maturity Level 2 | p. 30 |
3.2.3 The Defined Level: Maturity Level 3 | p. 33 |
3.2.4 The Predictable Level: Maturity Level 4 | p. 35 |
3.2.5 The Optimizing Level: Maturity Level 5 | p. 38 |
3.3 Process Area Threads in the People CMM | p. 40 |
3.3.1 Developing Individual Capability | p. 40 |
3.3.2 Building Workgroups and Culture | p. 42 |
3.3.3 Motivating and Managing Performance | p. 43 |
3.3.4 Shaping the Workforce | p. 44 |
4 The Architecture of the People CMM | p. 45 |
4.1 Structural Components of the People CMM | p. 45 |
4.2 Maturity Levels | p. 46 |
4.3 Process Areas | p. 47 |
4.4 Goals | p. 47 |
4.5 Practices | p. 49 |
4.5.1 Implementation Practices | p. 51 |
4.5.2 Institutionalization Practices | p. 52 |
4.5.3 Practice Statements | p. 52 |
4.6 Required, Expected, and Informative Components | p. 54 |
5 Interpreting the People CMM | p. 57 |
5.1 Applying Professional Judgment | p. 57 |
5.1.1 Organizational Factors | p. 57 |
5.1.2 Goodness of Workforce Practices | p. 58 |
5.2 Interpreting the Practices | p. 59 |
5.2.1 Commitment to Perform | p. 60 |
5.2.2 Ability to Perform | p. 60 |
5.2.3 Practices Performed | p. 61 |
5.2.4 Measurement and Analysis | p. 62 |
5.2.5 Verifying Implementation | p. 63 |
5.3 Organizational Roles and Structure | p. 64 |
5.3.1 Organizational Roles | p. 64 |
5.3.2 Organizational Structure | p. 66 |
5.4 Institutionalization Issues | p. 67 |
5.4.1 Maturity Level 2 Procedures versus Maturity Level 3 Defined Practices | p. 67 |
5.4.2 Defined, But Not Quantified or Optimized | p. 68 |
5.5 Maturity Level Concerns | p. 68 |
5.5.1 Maturity Level 3 Is Enough! | p. 68 |
5.5.2 Level Fever | p. 69 |
5.5.3 Skipping Maturity Levels | p. 70 |
5.5.4 Ignoring Process Areas | p. 70 |
5.5.5 Implementing Practices Out of Maturity Level Sequence | p. 71 |
6 Using the People CMM | p. 73 |
6.1 Uses of the People CMM | p. 73 |
6.2 The IDEAL Life Cycle Model for Improvement | p. 74 |
6.3 People CMM as a Guide for Improvement | p. 74 |
6.4 People CMM as a Basis for Assessments | p. 78 |
6.4.1 People CMM-Based Assessment Method | p. 80 |
6.4.2 Joint Assessments | p. 84 |
6.4.3 Questionnaire-Based Assessments | p. 84 |
6.4.4 Gap Analyses | p. 85 |
6.5 Implementing a People CMM-Based Improvement Program | p. 85 |
6.5.1 Planning and Executing an Improvement Project | p. 86 |
6.5.2 Implementing Maturity-Based Improvement Programs | p. 89 |
7 Experience with the People CMM | p. 91 |
7.1 Adoption of the People CMM | p. 91 |
7.2 Benefits | p. 92 |
7.3 Case Studies | p. 95 |
7.3.1 Boeing Business Resources Support | p. 95 |
7.3.2 Novo Nordisk IT A/S | p. 97 |
7.3.3 Lockheed Martin Mission Systems | p. 98 |
7.3.4 Tata Consulting Services | p. 103 |
7.4 Conclusion | p. 107 |
Part 2 Process Areas of the People Capability Maturity Model | p. 109 |
The Managed Level: Maturity Level 2 | p. 111 |
Staffing | p. 113 |
Communication and Coordination | p. 136 |
Work Environment | p. 149 |
Performance Management | p. 162 |
Training and Development | p. 182 |
Compensation | p. 195 |
The Defined Level: Maturity Level 3 | p. 209 |
Competency Analysis | p. 211 |
Workforce Planning | p. 227 |
Competency Development | p. 244 |
Career Development | p. 256 |
Competency-Based Practices | p. 270 |
Workgroup Development | p. 285 |
Participatory Culture | p. 309 |
The Predictable Level: Maturity Level 4 | p. 325 |
Competency Integration | p. 327 |
Empowered Workgroups | p. 341 |
Competency-Based Assets | p. 359 |
Quantitative Performance Management | p. 376 |
Organizational Capability Management | p. 392 |
Mentoring | p. 415 |
The Optimizing Level: Maturity Level 5 | p. 433 |
Continuous Capability Improvement | p. 435 |
Organizational Performance Alignment | p. 459 |
Continuous Workforce Innovation | p. 473 |
Part 3 Appendices | p. 493 |
A References | p. 495 |
B Acronyms | p. 503 |
C Glossary of Terms | p. 507 |
D Practice-to-Goal Mappings for People CMM Process Areas | p. 519 |
Index | p. 573 |