Cities and low carbon transitions

Current societies face unprecedented risks and challenges connected to climate change. Addressing them will require fundamental transformations in the infrastructures that sustain everyday life, such as energy, water, waste and mobility. A transition to a 'low carbon' future implies a large scale reorganisation in the way societies produce and use energy. Cities are critical in this transition because they concentrate social and economic activities that produce climate change related emissions. At the same time, cities are increasingly recognised as sources of opportunities for climate change mitigation. Whether, how and why low carbon transitions in urban systems take place in response to climate change will therefore be decisive for the success of global mitigation efforts. As a result, climate change increasingly features as a critical issue in the management of urban infrastructure and in urbanisation policies.

Cities and Low Carbon Transitions presents a ground-breaking analysis of the role of cities in low carbon socio-technical transitions. Insights from the fields of urban studies and technological transitions are combined to examine how, why and with what implications cities bring about low carbon transitions. The book outlines the key concepts underpinning theories of socio-technical transition and assesses its potential strengths and limits for understanding the social and technological responses to climate change that are emerging in cities. It draws on a diverse range of examples including world cities, ordinary cities and transition towns, from North America, Europe, South Africa and China, to provide evidence that expectations, aspirations and plans to undertake purposive socio-technical transitions are emerging in different urban contexts.

This collection adds to existing literature on cities and energy transitions and introduces critical questions about power and social interests, lock-in and development trajectories, social equity and economic development, and socio-technical change in cities. The book addresses academics, policy makers, practitioners and researchers interested in the development of systemic responses in cities to curb climate change.

Author Notes

Harriet Bulkeley is a Professor at the Department of Geography, and Deputy Director of Durham Energy Institute, Durham University. Her research interests focuses on the nature and politics of environmental governance and on climate change and urban sustainability. She is co-author (with Michele Betsill) of Cities and Climate Change (Routledge, 2003), and currently holds an ESRC Climate Change Leadership Fellowship and a Philip Leverhulme Prize for Geography.

Vanesa Castán Broto is a Lecturer at the Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London. Her research interests focuses on how technology and environmental knowledge mediate the relationship between society and the environment. She has an inter-disciplinary background in engineering and social sciences.

Mike Hodson is Associate Director and Senior Research Fellow at the SURF Centre, University of Salford. His research interestsnbsp;focus on urban and regional transitions to low-carbon economies, the ways in which this may or may not happen and understandings of the lessons to be learned from such processes. He has developed projects funded by the European Commission, UK research councils, sub-national government and through private consultancy.

Simon Marvin is Carillion Chair of Low Carbon Cities, Professor at the Department of Geography and Deputy Director of Durham Energy Institute, Durham University. He is an expert on the changing relations between neighbourhoods, cities, regions and infrastructure networks in a period of resource constraint, institutional restructuring and climate change. Simon's research has been funded by the ESRC, EPSRC, international research foundations, the European Commission, commercial funders and many public agencies.nbsp;He hasnbsp;co-authored of three internationally leading books on cities and infrastructure.

Harriet Bulkeley and Vanesa Castán Broto and Mike Hodson and Simon MarvinFrank GeelsHarriet Bulkeley and Vanesa Castán Broto and Anne MaassenAidan WhileMike Hodson and Simon MarvinShobhakar DhakalPhilipp Späth and Harald RohracherOlivier Coutard and Jonathan RutherfordJames Evans and Andrew KarvonenAlex AylettAmanda SmithJenny PickerillMike Hodson and Simon Marvin and Harriet Bulkeley and Vanesa Castán Broto

List of illustrations	p. ix
Notes on contributors	p. xi
Acknowledgements	p. xvi
1 Introduction	p. 1
Part I Conceptual frameworks for understanding urban transitions	p. 11
2 The role of cities in technological transitions: analytical clarifications and historical examples	p. 13
3 Governing urban low carbon transitions	p. 29
4 The carbon calculus and transitions in urban politics and political theory	p. 42
5 Can cities shape socio-technical transitions and how would we know if they were?	p. 54
Part II Urban transitions in practice	p. 71
6 Urban energy transitions in Chinese cities	p. 73
7 The 'eco-cities' Freiburg and Graz: the social dynamics of pioneering urban energy and climate governance	p. 88
8 The rise of post-networked cities in Europe? Recombining infrastructural, ecological and urban transformations in low carbon transitions	p. 107
9 Living laboratories for sustainability: exploring the politics and epistemology of urban transition	p. 126
10 Municipal bureaucracies and integrated urban transitions to a low carbon future	p. 142
11 Community-led urban transitions and resilience: performing Transition Towns in a city	p. 159
12 Building liveable cities: urban Low Impact Developments as low carbon solutions?	p. 178
13 Conclusion	p. 198
Index	p. 203

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