Polymer analysis

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Title:

Polymer analysis

Personal Author:

Stuart, Barbara (Barbara H.)

Series:

Analytical techniques in the sciences

Publication Information:

Chichester, West Sussex : John Wiley and Sons, 2002

ISBN:

9780471813637

Subject Term:

Polymers -- Analysis

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010082162	QD139.P6 S78 2002	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

This book introduces the techniques used for the analysis of polymers. It covers the main aspects of polymer science and technology; identification, polymerization, molecular weight, structure, surface properties, degradation and mechanical properties.
* Clear explanations of each analytical technique
* Describes the application of techniques to the study of polymers
* Encourages learning through numerous self-assessment questions and answers
* Structured for flexible learning

Author Notes

Barbara H. Stuart: Department of Chemical, Materials and Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Series Preface	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols	p. xv
About the Author	p. xxi
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 History	p. 3
1.3 Thermoplastics	p. 4
1.4 Thermosets	p. 11
1.5 Elastomers	p. 15
1.6 High-Performance Polymers	p. 17
1.7 Copolymers	p. 20
1.8 Blends	p. 22
1.9 Composites	p. 23
1.10 Additives	p. 24
1.11 Speciality Polymers	p. 24
1.11.1 Liquid Crystalline Polymers	p. 25
1.11.2 Conducting Polymers	p. 25
1.11.3 Thermoplastic Elastomers	p. 26
1.11.4 Biomedical Polymers	p. 27
1.11.5 Biodegradable Polymers	p. 28
References	p. 28
2 Identification	p. 31
2.1 Introduction	p. 31
2.2 Preliminary Identification Methods	p. 31
2.2.1 Solubility	p. 32
2.2.2 Density	p. 33
2.2.3 Behaviour on Heating	p. 33
2.3 Infrared Spectroscopy	p. 37
2.4 Raman Spectroscopy	p. 41
2.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy	p. 46
2.6 Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy	p. 52
2.7 Differential Scanning Calorimetry	p. 55
2.8 Mass Spectrometry	p. 58
2.9 Chromatography	p. 60
2.10 Emission Spectroscopy	p. 64
References	p. 68
3 Polymerization	p. 71
3.1 Introduction	p. 71
3.2 Chain Polymerization	p. 72
3.2.1 Free-Radical Chain Polymerization	p. 72
3.2.2 Ionic Chain Polymerization	p. 75
3.2.3 Coordination Polymerization	p. 78
3.2.4 Ring-Opening Polymerization	p. 79
3.2.5 Practical Methods of Chain Polymerization	p. 80
3.3 Step Polymerization	p. 83
3.3.1 Statistics	p. 83
3.3.2 Kinetics	p. 84
3.4 Copolymerization	p. 87
3.5 Cross-Linking	p. 89
3.6 Dilatometry	p. 90
3.7 Infrared Spectroscopy	p. 92
3.8 Raman Spectroscopy	p. 92
3.9 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy	p. 95
3.10 Differential Scanning Calorimetry	p. 95
3.11 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy	p. 95
3.12 Refractometry	p. 98
References	p. 100
4 Molecular Weight	p. 103
4.1 Introduction	p. 103
4.2 Molecular Weight Calculations	p. 104
4.3 Viscometry	p. 106
4.4 Chromatography	p. 108
4.5 Ultracentrifugation	p. 112
4.6 Osmometry	p. 113
4.7 Light Scattering	p. 115
4.8 End-Group Analysis	p. 116
4.9 Turbidimetric Titration	p. 118
References	p. 119
5 Structure	p. 121
5.1 Introduction	p. 121
5.2 Isomerism	p. 122
5.3 Chain Dimensions	p. 124
5.4 Crystallinity	p. 126
5.5 Orientation	p. 132
5.6 Blends	p. 134
5.7 Thermal Behaviour	p. 135
5.8 Dilatometry	p. 140
5.9 Infrared Spectroscopy	p. 141
5.10 Raman Spectroscopy	p. 148
5.11 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy	p. 149
5.12 Thermal Analysis	p. 152
5.12.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry	p. 152
5.12.2 Thermal Mechanical Analysis	p. 155
5.12.3 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis	p. 157
5.13 Optical Microscopy	p. 161
5.14 Transmission Electron Microscopy	p. 163
5.15 X-Ray Diffraction	p. 164
5.16 Neutron Scattering	p. 169
References	p. 170
6 Surface Properties	p. 173
6.1 Introduction	p. 173
6.2 Infrared Spectroscopy	p. 174
6.2.1 Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy	p. 174
6.2.2 Specular Reflectance Spectroscopy	p. 176
6.2.3 Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy	p. 176
6.2.4 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy	p. 178
6.3 Raman Spectroscopy	p. 178
6.4 Photoelectron Spectroscopy	p. 178
6.5 Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry	p. 182
6.6 Inverse Gas Chromatography	p. 183
6.7 Scanning Electron Microscopy	p. 185
6.8 Surface Tension	p. 186
6.9 Atomic Force Microscopy	p. 187
6.10 Tribology	p. 188
References	p. 189
7 Degradation	p. 191
7.1 Introduction	p. 191
7.2 Oxidative Degradation	p. 192
7.3 Thermal Degradation	p. 193
7.4 Radiation Degradation	p. 195
7.5 Combustion	p. 195
7.6 Dissolution	p. 196
7.7 Infrared Spectroscopy	p. 198
7.8 Raman Spectroscopy	p. 199
7.9 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy	p. 199
7.10 Thermal Analysis	p. 201
7.10.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis	p. 201
7.10.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry	p. 205
7.10.3 Thermal Mechanical Analysis	p. 205
7.11 Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography	p. 207
References	p. 208
8 Mechanical Properties	p. 209
8.1 Introduction	p. 209
8.2 Stress--Strain Behaviour	p. 210
8.3 Viscous Flow	p. 213
8.4 Viscoelasticity	p. 215
8.4.1 Creep	p. 215
8.4.2 Models	p. 217
8.4.3 Stress Relaxation	p. 220
8.5 Elasticity	p. 222
8.6 Processing Methods	p. 224
8.7 Tensile Testing	p. 227
8.8 Flexural Testing	p. 229
8.9 Tear-Strength Testing	p. 229
8.10 Fatigue Testing	p. 230
8.11 Impact Testing	p. 231
8.12 Hardness Testing	p. 231
8.13 Viscometry	p. 232
8.14 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis	p. 233
References	p. 235
Responses to Self-Assessment Questions	p. 237
Bibliography	p. 263
Glossary of Terms	p. 265
Units of Measurement and Physical Constants	p. 269
Periodic Table	p. 273
Index	p. 275

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Summary

Summary

Author Notes

Table of Contents