Programming converged networks : call control in Java, XML, and Parlay/OSA

Examines next generation APIs in detail Provides broad coverage of several different call models and APIs, including JAIN, JTAPI, JCC, and Parlay Discusses technical trade-offs involved in call control modeling and services Sample call flows are shown to aid programmers using UML or Java

Author Notes

Farooq Anjum is a Research Scientist at Telcordia, and an adjunct professor at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken.

List of Figures	p. xv
Preface	p. xix
Acknowledgments	p. xxiii
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Sessions and Call Control	p. 3
1.2 Programmability and APIs	p. 5
1.3 How This Book Is Organized	p. 6
1.4 Relevant Industry Fora	p. 7
1.5 Concluding Remarks	p. 8
1.6 To Explore Further	p. 9
2 The Telephone Network, Converged Networks, and Programmability	p. 11
2.1 Evolution of the PSTN	p. 11
2.1.1 Circuit and Packet Switching	p. 11
2.1.2 Switches and Signaling	p. 12
2.1.3 Switch-Based Services	p. 14
2.1.4 The (Advanced) Intelligent Network	p. 15
2.1.5 Converged Networks	p. 16
2.1.6 A Glance at Signaling Protocols: ISUP and SIP	p. 19
2.2 Programmability in AIN and Converged Networks	p. 23
2.2.1 Limitations of AIN	p. 23
2.2.2 Programmability in Converged Networks	p. 23
2.3 APIs Versus Protocols	p. 24
2.3.1 The Difference Between APIs and Protocols	p. 24
2.3.2 APIs Versus Protocols for Programmability	p. 26
2.4 Motivating Services for API Definitions	p. 27
2.4.1 Voice Virtual Private Network	p. 28
2.4.2 Voice-Activated Dialing	p. 29
2.4.3 Click-To-Dial	p. 30
2.5 Running Examples Used in This Book	p. 32
2.5.1 Toll-Free Calling	p. 32
2.5.2 Internet Call Waiting	p. 33
2.6 Concluding Remarks	p. 33
2.7 To Explore Further	p. 34
3 Basic Concepts and Design Issues	p. 35
3.1 Introduction	p. 35
3.2 Basic Terminology	p. 35
3.2.1 Applications and Services	p. 35
3.2.2 Service and Network Providers	p. 36
3.2.3 Users and Subscribers	p. 37
3.2.4 Switches and Switching Centers	p. 37
3.3 A Simple Model of Call Processing	p. 39
3.4 Basic Model of Programmability	p. 43
3.5 First- and Third-Party Call Control	p. 44
3.6 Call Models and APIs	p. 45
3.7 Specification Language	p. 47
3.7.1 Specification Languages	p. 47
3.7.2 Choosing a Language	p. 48
3.8 Full and Half-Call Models	p. 51
3.9 Symmetric and Asymmetric Call Models	p. 52
3.10 Network and Application Views of Call Processing	p. 53
3.11 Network-Edge and Network-Core APIs	p. 54
3.12 API Extensibility	p. 55
3.13 Feature Interaction	p. 56
3.14 Concluding Remarks	p. 58
3.15 To Explore Further	p. 58
4 The Advanced Intelligent Network	p. 59
4.1 Introduction	p. 59
4.1.1 History	p. 59
4.1.2 Architecture	p. 60
4.2 SS7	p. 61
4.2.1 SS7 Elements	p. 61
4.2.2 SS7 Protocols	p. 63
4.3 Core AIN and IN Aspects	p. 64
4.3.1 AIN/IN Principles	p. 64
4.3.2 IN Processing Model	p. 66
4.3.3 Basic Call State Models	p. 67
4.4 ITU-T IN Aspects	p. 71
4.4.1 ITU-T IN Architecture and Capability Sets	p. 71
4.4.2 Service-Independent Building Blocks, Services, and Service Features	p. 73
4.5 Wireless Intelligent Networks (WIN)	p. 74
4.5.1 History	p. 74
4.5.2 WIN Architecture	p. 75
4.6 Customized Applications for Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL)	p. 77
4.7 AIN Examples	p. 78
4.7.1 Toll-Free Calling	p. 78
4.7.2 Internet Call Waiting	p. 79
4.7.3 900 Call Restriction with PIN Override	p. 80
4.8 Concluding Remarks	p. 81
4.9 To Explore Further	p. 82
5 The Java Telephony API	p. 83
5.1 Introduction	p. 83
5.1.1 What Is Computer Telephony Integration (CTI)?	p. 83
5.1.2 Why JTAPI?	p. 84
5.1.3 History of JTAPI	p. 85
5.2 JTAPI Basics	p. 85
5.3 Basic Call Scenarios	p. 88
5.3.1 Two-Party Call	p. 88
5.3.2 Two-Party Call with Multiple Terminals	p. 89
5.3.3 Three-Party Call	p. 90
5.4 The JTAPI Peer and JTAPI Packages	p. 90
5.4.1 Core	p. 92
5.4.2 Call Control	p. 94
5.4.3 Call Center	p. 97
5.4.4 Mobile	p. 98
5.4.5 Phone	p. 98
5.4.6 Media	p. 98
5.4.7 Private Data	p. 98
5.5 JTAPI Examples	p. 98
5.5.1 Provisioned Call Forwarding Application	p. 99
5.5.2 Dynamic Call Forwarding Application	p. 101
5.6 Distributed JTAPI	p. 103
5.6.1 Full Call Model	p. 104
5.6.2 Half Call Model	p. 105
5.7 Concluding Remarks	p. 106
5.8 To Explore Further	p. 106
6 JAIN Call Control: JCC and JCAT	p. 107
6.1 Introduction	p. 107
6.2 Background	p. 107
6.3 JCC and Signaling Protocols	p. 110
6.4 JCC and Application-Level Facilities	p. 110
6.5 Call Control in JAIN	p. 111
6.6 JCC and JCAT Service Drivers	p. 113
6.6.1 JCC Service Drivers	p. 113
6.6.2 JCAT Service Drivers	p. 114
6.7 Components of the JCC/JCAT API	p. 115
6.7.1 Basic Components	p. 115
6.7.2 Advanced Call Control Objects	p. 116
6.7.3 Basic API Patterns: Listeners and Factories	p. 116
6.7.4 Event and Listener Inheritance Diagrams	p. 117
6.8 More About Java Call Control	p. 118
6.8.1 JccProvider	p. 118
6.8.2 JccCall	p. 119
6.8.3 JccConnection	p. 121
6.8.4 JccAddress	p. 124
6.8.5 Event Filters	p. 125
6.9 Java Call Control EXTensions	p. 125
6.9.1 JcatProvider	p. 125
6.9.2 JcatCall	p. 126
6.9.3 JcatConnection	p. 126
6.9.4 JcatAddress	p. 127
6.9.5 JcatTerminal	p. 127
6.9.6 JcatTerminalConnection	p. 127
6.10 JCC Call Flows	p. 128
6.10.1 First-Party Call	p. 131
6.10.2 A Call Logging Application	p. 133
6.11 Running Examples Using JCC and JCAT	p. 138
6.11.1 Toll-Free Call Application	p. 138
6.11.2 Internet Call Waiting Application	p. 142
6.12 API and Protocols	p. 145
6.12.1 JCAT Merge Call Mapping to SIP	p. 146
6.13 Relationship of JCC/JCAT to JTAPI and Parlay APIs	p. 147
6.14 Concluding Remarks	p. 148
6.15 To Explore Further	p. 148
7 The Parlay/OSA API	p. 151
7.1 Introduction	p. 151
7.2 History and Background	p. 151
7.2.1 The JWG Process and Technology Mappings	p. 154
7.2.2 The Influence of TINA-C	p. 155
7.2.3 The TINA Business Model	p. 156
7.3 Parlay Architecture	p. 157
7.3.1 Registering and Using Parlay Services	p. 158
7.4 Overview of Parlay APIs	p. 160
7.4.1 Framework	p. 160
7.4.2 Call Control APIs	p. 163
7.4.3 User Interaction	p. 163
7.4.4 Mobility	p. 164
7.4.5 Terminal Capabilities	p. 164
7.4.6 Data Session Control	p. 164
7.4.7 Generic Messaging Service	p. 165
7.4.8 Connectivity Manager	p. 165
7.4.9 Account Management	p. 165
7.4.10 Charging API	p. 166
7.4.11 Policy Management Service	p. 166
7.4.12 Presence and Availability Management API	p. 167
7.5 Design Patterns and Naming Conventions	p. 167
7.5.1 Design Patterns and Conventions	p. 167
7.5.2 Naming Conventions	p. 169
7.6 Call Control APIs	p. 171
7.6.1 Generic Call Control API	p. 171
7.6.2 Multiparty Call Control	p. 174
7.6.3 Multimedia Call Control	p. 178
7.6.4 Conference Call Control	p. 179
7.7 Steps in the Early Life of a Parlay Application	p. 181
7.7.1 How the Application Accesses the Initial Interface	p. 182
7.7.2 Authenticating the Framework and Application	p. 183
7.7.3 Requesting Access to the Service Discovery Interface	p. 185
7.7.4 Discovering Parlay Services	p. 186
7.7.5 Signing the Service Agreement	p. 187
7.8 Steps in the Early Life of a Parlay Service	p. 189
7.8.1 How the Service Accesses the Initial Interface	p. 191
7.8.2 Authenticating the Framework and Service	p. 191
7.8.3 Requesting Access to the Service Registration Interface	p. 192
7.8.4 Registering a Parlay Service	p. 192
7.9 The Usage Session: Multimedia Call Control	p. 193
7.10 Running Examples in Parlay	p. 196
7.10.1 Toll-Free Application	p. 196
7.10.2 Internet Call Waiting Application	p. 202
7.11 Concluding Remarks	p. 205
7.12 To Explore Further	p. 205
8 Detailed API Design Issues	p. 207
8.1 Introduction	p. 207
8.2 Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Calls	p. 207
8.3 FSM Inheritance Considerations	p. 208
8.4 Object Mutability	p. 210
8.4.1 Multiple Sessions per Object	p. 211
8.5 Callbacks and Event Listeners	p. 212
8.6 Handling Events	p. 212
8.7 Event and Listener Hierarchy	p. 213
8.8 Using Interfaces Versus Using Classes	p. 214
8.9 Bootstrapping, Factories, and Peers	p. 216
8.10 To Explore Further	p. 217
9 XML Programmability: PINT, SPIRITS, JAIN SCML, and Parlay X	p. 219
9.1 Introduction	p. 219
9.2 PINT and SPIRITS	p. 221
9.2.1 PSTN/Internet Interworking Protocol (PINT)	p. 222
9.2.2 Service in the PSTN/IN Requesting InTernet Services (SPIRITS)	p. 223
9.2.3 Authorization, Authentication, and Brokering	p. 225
9.3 Service Creation Markup Language	p. 227
9.3.1 Developing and Deploying an SCML Script	p. 228
9.3.2 An Example Using SCML	p. 230
9.3.3 Using XSL to Generate Scripts	p. 231
9.4 Parlay X Web Services	p. 231
9.5 Concluding Remarks	p. 234
9.6 To Explore Further	p. 234
10 Concluding Remarks and a Look at the Future	p. 235
10.1 Problems with Existing APIs	p. 236
10.1.1 Network Intelligence Model	p. 236
10.1.2 API Complexity and Overhead	p. 236
10.1.3 Specification Rigor	p. 237
10.1.4 Security	p. 238
10.1.5 Support for Mobile Wireless Networks	p. 239
10.1.6 Support for Alternative Charging and Billing Models	p. 240
10.1.7 The Bottom Line: The Elusive "Killer App"	p. 241
10.2 A Speculative Look at the Future	p. 242
10.2.1 Scenario 1: APIs Everywhere	p. 242
10.2.2 Scenario 2: No APIs and No Call Models	p. 242
10.2.3 Scenario 3: APIs and Call Models, but No Standard	p. 243
10.2.4 Scenario 4: Other Approaches to Programmability	p. 243
10.3 Concluding Remarks	p. 244
Acronyms	p. 247
References	p. 253
Index	p. 261

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Table of Contents