Creating location services for the wireless Web : professional developer's guide

The first guide to developing user location applications
You are walking down a street and suddenly, your cell phone display flashes the news that you are 70 feet from a Starbuck's and that you are entitled to a dollar off your next purchase. You have just witnessed an example of user location services, one of the exciting new generations of cell phone and handheld services. This book describes the architecture and operation of this technology. It also familiarizes readers with the new location services development standard, shows how to programming with GIS, provides GUI design guidelines, and uses real-world examples to teach valuable lessons on how to successfully develop and deploy user location applications for the wireless Web.
CD-ROM contains a host of tools for developing positioning and location services.

Author Notes

Johan Hjelm is a senior specialist and project manager in wireless Web projects for Ericsson. He is an internationally recognized scientist, a regular contributor to standards development, and a frequent speaker at conferences. Johan is the author of eleven books on the wireless and metadata space

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Chapter 1 Developing Location-Dependent Services	p. 1
So, What Are Location-Dependent Services Anyway?	p. 3
How Do Location-based Services Fit with the Web?	p. 5
Location-Dependent Services in Japan	p. 9
Business Models for Location-Dependent Services	p. 11
Chapter 2 Positioning Technologies	p. 15
Quality of Position: Describing Accuracy	p. 15
Positioning Technologies	p. 16
GPS	p. 17
Assisted GPS	p. 25
Network-Based Positioning	p. 26
Cell ID-Based Positioning	p. 29
Timing Advance	p. 30
Measuring the Effect from the Handset	p. 32
Internet-Based Positioning	p. 36
IP Address as Position	p. 36
Position Based on DNS	p. 36
Microlocation	p. 39
Chapter 3 Position Technologies and Coordinate Systems	p. 43
What Is Position Information?	p. 43
Coordinate Formats	p. 44
Lat-Lon Coordinate Systems	p. 44
Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates (UTM)	p. 47
Local Reference Systems	p. 49
Other Coordinate Systems	p. 51
Topology	p. 52
Geographic Shapes	p. 53
Ellipsoid Point	p. 54
Ellipsoid Point with Uncertainty Circle	p. 54
Ellipsoid Point with Uncertainty Ellipse	p. 54
Ellipsoid Point with Uncertainty Arc	p. 55
Polygons	p. 55
Ellipsoid Point with Altitude	p. 56
Ellipsoid Point with Altitude and Uncertainty Ellipsoid	p. 56
Transforming Geodetic Data	p. 57
Time	p. 58
Presenting Time	p. 59
Chapter 4 APIs and Protocols	p. 65
The Three Main APIs: an Overview	p. 66
The Location Interoperability Forum API	p. 67
The WAP Location Framework	p. 77
The Parlay API	p. 87
The Magic API	p. 90
SMS and Cell Broadcast Applications	p. 97
Chapter 5 The Application Server	p. 99
Who Needs an Application Server?	p. 100
The Application Data Flow	p. 104
Personalization	p. 105
Device Characterization and Content Adaption	p. 108
Databases and Internal Interfaces	p. 110
Using Filters in Servlets	p. 111
Interfaces to External Services	p. 112
Management System Interfaces	p. 113
Content Distribution Network and Web Service Interfaces	p. 115
Billing System Interfaces	p. 117
Chapter 6 Providing Databases and Doing Searches	p. 121
Position-Dependent Databases	p. 122
Data Modeling for Location-Dependent Information	p. 124
Data Quality in Geographical Databases	p. 131
Spatial Processing in Database Systems	p. 132
Catalog Interfaces (LDAP)	p. 139
Geocoding of Information	p. 140
Semistructured Database Searches: Kokono and Other Search Engines	p. 143
Chapter 7 Data Formats for Geography-Related Information	p. 147
GIS Concepts and XML Formats	p. 148
Open GIS GML	p. 150
Data Formats for Dynamic Objects	p. 163
The Point-of-Interest Exchange Language (POIX)	p. 164
Navigation Markup Language (NvML)	p. 171
SKiCAL and iCAL	p. 180
Geographic Markup in Metadata	p. 204
Chapter 8 The User Interface to Location Information Services	p. 209
Who Needs a User Interface, Anyway?	p. 209
Designing for the Small Screen	p. 211
Using User Interface Design Conventions	p. 216
Navigating Information Services	p. 219
Personalization	p. 224
Identifying the Stakeholders	p. 226
Usability Testing	p. 228
Creating Help Pages	p. 232
Handling Advertisements	p. 233
Chapter 9 Maps as User Interfaces	p. 239
Presenting Maps	p. 239
Maps and Objectivity	p. 243
Designing Maps	p. 246
Databases, Maps, and Visualizations	p. 252
GeoVRML	p. 253
SVG: Vector Graphics in XML	p. 257
Converting Databases to Maps Using XML	p. 266
Chapter 10 Pulling It All Together: LBS-Enabling Your Web Site and Developing New Applications	p. 269
Location-Enabling Your Web Site	p. 269
Buying Databases and Maps	p. 277
Building a New Application	p. 280
Developing the Database Structures for a Position-Dependent Application	p. 283
Scenario-Based Development	p. 290
Transporting Data	p. 292
Chapter 11 Location-Based Services in Terminals	p. 295
Combined Mobile Phones and GPS Receivers	p. 296
Benefon Esc	p. 297
SIM Toolkit	p. 299
Java in the Mobile Phone	p. 303
Car Navigation and In-Car Telematics	p. 306
Chapter 12 Privacy and Location	p. 309
Governement and Standardization Initiatives	p. 310
The WLIA Rules	p. 315
The IETF Geopriv Working Group	p. 316
W3C P3P	p. 317
Privacy in Practice: Operators and User Profiles	p. 317
Appendix A Who Does What in Location-Dependent Standards?	p. 325
Appendix B XML: An Introduction	p. 331
Appendix C WAP 2: How It Works	p. 359
Appendix D What Is CC/PP?	p. 365
Glossary	p. 379
Index	p. 413

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Author Notes

Table of Contents