Spectrum requirement planning in wireless communications : model and methodology for IMT

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010191512	TK5103.2 S73 2008	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010186264	TK5103.2 S73 2008	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Summary

Presents the model and methodology, applied by ITU-R WRC'07, to calculate the spectrum requirement

Spectrum Requirement Planning in Wireless Communications: Model and Methodology fo r IMT-Advanced is a self-contained "handbook" of the models and methodologies used for the spectrum requirement calculation for IMT-Advanced systems, as well as for the predecessor IMT-2000 systems. The reader will learn how the spectrum requirement is calculated for real systems that prevail worldwide. The book also provides the basis on which to develop advanced methodologies for yet future systems, as the spectrum regulation will continue in the future.

Spectrum Requirement Planning in Wireless Communications: Model and Methodology for IMT-Advanced

Provides the reader with information on how the spectrum requirement is calculated for real systems that prevail worldwide Contains useful tables and examples such as flowchart of the methodology Introduces definitions of service category and radio environment, the process of distributing traffic to radio environments, and the method to calculate the required spectrum Applies queueing and loss models for the calculation of required system capacity Covers utilization of radio frequencies, market data, spectrum requirement calculation methods for IMT-2000 and for IMT-Advanced systems Instructs how to use the calculation tool package Comes with an accompanying website with the downloadable tool applied by ITU-R WRC'07 for making decisions on spectrum regulation for mobile systems

This book serves as an invaluable guide to engineers in mobile phone companies, system design engineers, operator system engineers and other specialists dealing with mobile system planning and development. It is also of great interest to researchers and graduate students in the fields of applied probability theory, operations research, telecommunications, and mobile networks engineering.

Author Notes

Hideaki Takagi, Tsukuba, Japan is a Professor in the School of Systems and Information Engineering and Chair of the Master's Program in Business Administration and Public Policy at the University of Tsukuba. He is the author of research monographs Analysis of Polling Systems (The MIT Press, 1986), and Queueing Analysis: A Foundation of Performance Evaluation, Volumes 1-3 (Elsevier, 1991-1993). He has published over 70 papers in refereed journals. He is IEEE Fellow (1996) and IFIP Silver Core Holder (2001).

Bernhard H Walke, Aachen, Germany is the Chair for Communication Networks at Aachen University (RWTH), Germany since 13 years. He has published more than 110 reviewed conference papers, 25 journal papers and seven textbooks on the architecture, traffic performance evaluation, and design of future communication systems. He has been a board member of ITG/VDE and is Senior Member of IEEE.

Bernhard H. Walke and Hitoshi YoshinoHitoshi Yoshino and Naoto Matoba and Pekka Ojanen and Bernhard H. WalkeHideaki TakagiMarja Matinmikko and Jorg Huschke and Tim Irnich and Naoto Matoba and Jussi Ojala and Pekka Ojanen and Hideaki Takagi and Bernhard H. Walke and Hitoshi YoshinoMarja Matinmikko and Jorg Huschke and Jussi OjalaMarja Matinmikko and Mitsuhiro AzumaMarja Matinmikko and Pekka Ojanen and Jussi OjalaTim Irnich and Marja Matinmikko and Jussi Ojala and Bernhard H. WalkeTim Irnich and Bernhard H. WalkeHitoshi YoshinoHideaki Takagi

About the Series Editors	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Trends in Mobile Communication	p. 1
1.1.1 Mobile applications and services	p. 1
1.1.2 Radio interface technologies	p. 3
1.1.3 Standardization	p. 11
1.2 Trends in Spectrum Usage	p. 14
1.2.1 Physical properties of radio spectra	p. 14
1.2.2 Spectrum allocation and identification	p. 16
1.2.3 Flexible use of spectrum	p. 17
1.3 Spectrum Allocation: Why and How	p. 19
1.3.1 Requirement estimation for allocation	p. 19
1.3.2 Method of estimation	p. 20
2 Utilization of Radio Frequencies	p. 21
2.1 Spectrum Usage Overview	p. 21
2.1.1 VLF band	p. 22
2.1.2 LF band	p. 23
2.1.3 MF band	p. 23
2.1.4 HF band	p. 24
2.1.5 VHF band	p. 24
2.1.6 UHF band	p. 25
2.1.7 SHF band	p. 25
2.1.8 EHF band	p. 25
2.2 Spectrum Management by ITU	p. 26
2.3 Radio Communication Services	p. 33
2.3.1 Mobile service	p. 33
2.3.2 Broadcasting service	p. 33
2.3.3 Fixed service	p. 34
2.3.4 Fixed and mobile satellite services	p. 34
2.4 Radio Communication Systems	p. 35
2.4.1 Cellular systems	p. 35
2.4.2 Wireless local area networks	p. 40
2.4.3 Terrestrial broadcasting	p. 42
2.4.4 Short-range communications	p. 44
3 Spectrum Requirement Calculation for IMT-2000	p. 45
3.1 Model	p. 46
3.1.1 Environments	p. 46
3.1.2 Services	p. 47
3.1.3 Direction of links	p. 48
3.1.4 Region	p. 49
3.1.5 Flow chart of methodology for IMT-2000	p. 49
3.2 Input Parameters	p. 49
3.2.1 Geographic parameters	p. 51
3.2.2 Personal traffic parameters	p. 53
3.2.3 Radio system parameters	p. 55
3.3 Methodology	p. 56
3.3.1 Calculation of offered traffic	p. 57
3.3.2 Erlang-B and Erlang-C formulas	p. 60
3.3.3 Determination of required spectrum	p. 64
3.3.4 Weighting and adjustment	p. 67
3.4 Sequel to the Story	p. 70
4 Spectrum Requirement Calculation for IMT-Advanced	p. 73
4.1 Overview	p. 74
4.1.1 Limitation of methodology for IMT-2000	p. 74
4.1.2 Development of methodology for IMT-Advanced	p. 75
4.1.3 ITU preparation for WRC-07	p. 76
4.1.4 Flow chart of methodology for IMT-Advanced	p. 76
4.2 Models and Input Parameters	p. 79
4.2.1 Service categories	p. 79
4.2.2 Service environments	p. 82
4.2.3 Radio environments	p. 82
4.2.4 Radio access technique groups	p. 83
4.3 Methodology	p. 84
4.3.1 Calculation of traffic demand from market data	p. 85
4.3.2 Traffic distribution	p. 86
4.3.3 Calculation of offered traffic	p. 90
4.3.4 Required capacity for circuit-switched service categories	p. 92
4.3.5 Required capacity for packet-switched service categories	p. 94
4.3.6 Spectrum results	p. 96
4.4 Summary of Methodology for IMT-Advanced	p. 98
5 Calculation Tool Package	p. 101
5.1 Description and Use of Software Tool	p. 101
5.2 Front Sheet of Software Tool	p. 102
5.3 Inputs to Software Tool	p. 105
5.4 Intermediate Calculation Steps	p. 107
5.5 Outputs from Software Tool	p. 110
6 Market Data	p. 113
6.1 Collection of Market Data	p. 114
6.1.1 Questionnaire on services and market	p. 114
6.1.2 Example of envisaged applications	p. 116
6.1.3 Overview of future mobile telecommunication market	p. 119
6.2 Use of Market Parameters in the Methodology	p. 120
6.2.1 User density	p. 120
6.2.2 Session arrival rate per user	p. 121
6.2.3 Average session duration	p. 121
6.2.4 Mean service bit rate	p. 121
6.2.5 Mobility ratios	p. 122
6.3 Analysis of Collected Market Data	p. 123
6.3.1 General process	p. 123
6.3.2 List applications and services	p. 124
6.3.3 Specify traffic attribute values for services	p. 124
6.3.4 Specify market attribute values for services	p. 124
6.3.5 Map services into service categories	p. 124
6.3.6 Calculate market study parameter values for input to methodology	p. 126
6.4 Example Input Market Parameter Value Set	p. 129
7 Radio-Related Input Parameters	p. 133
7.1 RAT Group Approach	p. 133
7.1.1 Justification for RAT group approach	p. 134
7.1.2 Definition of RAT groups	p. 135
7.1.3 Usage of RAT groups	p. 136
7.2 Use of Radio Parameters in the Methodology	p. 136
7.2.1 Cell area	p. 137
7.2.2 Application data rate	p. 137
7.2.3 Spectral efficiency	p. 138
7.2.4 Minimum spectrum deployment per operator per radio environment	p. 139
7.2.5 Number of overlapping network deployments	p. 140
7.2.6 Other radio parameters	p. 140
7.2.7 Relations of radio parameters	p. 141
7.3 Example Input Radio Parameter Value Set	p. 142
7.3.1 Radio parameters	p. 142
7.3.2 Population coverage percentage and traffic distribution ratio	p. 145
8 Numerical Examples	p. 149
8.1 Packet Size Statistics and QoS Requirements	p. 150
8.2 Traffic Demand Derived from Market Data	p. 151
8.2.1 User density	p. 151
8.2.2 Session arrival rate per user	p. 151
8.2.3 Average session duration	p. 152
8.2.4 Mean service bit rate	p. 153
8.2.5 Mobility ratios	p. 154
8.3 Traffic Distribution Ratios	p. 154
8.4 Offered Traffic per RAT Group and Radio Environment	p. 156
8.5 Required System Capacity	p. 158
8.6 Required Spectrum	p. 163
9 Capacity Dimensioning to Meet Delay Percentile Requirements	p. 167
9.1 Delay Percentile Evaluation	p. 168
9.2 Service Time Distribution in IP-Based Communication Systems	p. 170
9.3 Waiting Time Distribution in M/G/1 Queues	p. 171
9.3.1 Waiting time under multi-modal service time distribution	p. 172
9.3.2 Influence of nonpreemptive priority discipline	p. 174
9.3.3 Waiting time approximation based on degenerated hyperexponential distribution	p. 178
9.3.4 Waiting time approximation based on gamma distribution	p. 179
9.4 Delay DF Approximation	p. 180
9.5 Accuracy of Gamma and H[subscript 2] Approximations	p. 181
9.5.1 Approximation for high priority class	p. 181
9.5.2 Approximation for medium and low priority classes	p. 184
9.6 Impact of Percentile Requirements on System Capacity	p. 189
9.7 Conclusion	p. 192
10 Epilog: Result of WRC-07	p. 193
Appendices	p. 199
Appendix A Derivation of Formulas by Queueing Theory	p. 201
A.1 Erlang-B Formula for a Loss System	p. 202
A.2 Erlang-C Formula for a Delay System	p. 204
A.3 Multidimensional Erlang-B Formula	p. 207
A.3.1 Two classes of calls with single server occupation	p. 207
A.3.2 Several classes of calls with multiple server occupation	p. 211
A.4 M/G/1 Nonpreemptive Priority Queue	p. 215
Appendix B Example Market Study Parameter Values	p. 219
Appendix C List of Acronyms and Symbols	p. 227
C.1 Acronyms	p. 227
C.2 Symbols	p. 235
Appendix D ITU-R Documents and Web Sites	p. 241
D.1 ITU-R Recommendations	p. 241
D.2 ITU-R Reports	p. 242
D.3 Other ITU-R Documents	p. 242
D.4 Web Sites	p. 243
Bibliography	p. 245
Index	p. 247

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Author Notes

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