Cover image for Nanostructural bioceramics : advances in chemically bonded ceramics
Title:
Nanostructural bioceramics : advances in chemically bonded ceramics
Personal Author:
Publication Information:
Singapore : Pan Stanford 2014
Physical Description:
xii, 158 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.
ISBN:
9789814463430

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32050000000709 R857.C4 H47 2014 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Biomaterials are produced in situ and in vivo in the body using mainly hydration reactions, that is, reactions between phosphates, silicates or aluminates, and water. The nanostructural integration of these biomaterials in the body is controlled by six mechanisms. The biomaterial interaction with body liquid results in bioactivity and total closure of the contact zone between the biomaterial and hard tissue.

This book describes the new biomaterials based on nanostructural chemically bonded bioceramics and discusses their general and specific properties. It presents an overview of the nanostructural chemically bonded bioceramics, including their processing aspects, properties, integration with tissues, relation to other bioceramics and biomaterials, and nanostructural integration in different dental and orthopaedic applications. The book also describes the potential application areas for these new chemically bonded bioceramics.


Author Notes

Leif Hermansson is founder of Doxa AB, Sweden, and holds two professorships, one in materials chemistry within bioceramics and the other in structural ceramics. He has held various positions at Uppsala University and Stockholm University and lectures regularly at conferences on biomaterials all over the world. He has published 75 scientific papers and is author of 40 original patents in biomaterials, including ceramic processing, properties, and applications.


Table of Contents

Prefacep. xi
1 Introduction to Nanostructural Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 1
1.1 Chemically Bonded Bioceramics: An Overviewp. 1
1.2 Stable and Resorbable Chemically Bonded Ceramicsp. 4
1.2.1 Stable Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 4
1.2.2 Resorbable Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 6
1.3 Summary and Conclusionsp. 8
2 Structures of Hard Tissue and the Importance of in situ-, in vivo-Formed Bioceramicsp. 11
2.1 Hard Body Tissue Structures: An Overviewp. 11
2.2 Interaction between Chemically Bonded Ceramics and Hard Tissuep. 13
2.2.1 Contact Zone Reaction between Chemically Bonded Bioceramics and Hard Tissuep. 13
2.3 Summary and Conclusionp. 16
3 Overview of Chemical Reactions, Processing, and Propertiesp. 17
3.1 Chemical Reactions during Setting and Hardening: An Overviewp. 17
3.1.1 Mechanism 1p. 18
3.1.2 Mechanisms 2 and 3p. 18
3.1.3 Mechanism 4p. 19
3.1.4 Mechanism 5p. 20
3.1.5 Mechanism 6p. 20
3.2 Property Features of Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 21
3.2.1 Property Profile Aspectsp. 21
3.2.2 Practical Propertiesp. 23
3.3 Summary and Conclusionp. 25
4 Additives Used in Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 29
4.1 Additives Normally Used for Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 29
4.1.1 Complementary Binding Phases for Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 30
4.1.2 Processing Agents for Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 30
4.1.3 Fillers Used in Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 31
4.2 Summaryp. 32
5 Test Methods with Special Reference to Nanostructural Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 33
5.1 Introductionp. 33
5.2 Test Methods and Nanostructuresp. 34
5.2.1 Micro-/Nanostructural Evaluationp. 34
5.2.2 Mechanical Propertiesp. 34
5.2.3 Dimensional Stability: Shrinkage or Expansion?p. 36
5.3 Summaryp. 36
6 Why Even Difficult to Avoid Nanostructures in Chemically Bonded Bioceramics?p. 41
6.1 Why Nanostructures in Chemically Bonded Bioceramics?p. 41
6.1.1 Calculationsp. 42
6.2 Nanostructures in the Calcium Aluminate-Calcium Phosphate Systemp. 43
6.3 Conclusionp. 47
7 Nanostructures and Related Propertiesp. 49
7.1 Nanostructure, Including Crystal Size and Porosity Structurep. 49
7.1.1 Nanostructure, Including the Nanoporosity Developedp. 49
7.1.2 Microstructure and Gap (Contact Zone) Closurep. 50
7.2 Nanostructures and Mechanical Strengthp. 51
7.3 Additional Property Features of Nanostructural Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 52
7.4 Conclusionp. 53
Appendix: Theoretical Model for Calculation of the Optimal Volume Share of Fillersp. 53
8 Nanostructures and Specific Propertiesp. 57
8.1 Nanostructures, Including Phases and Porosity for Specific Propertiesp. 57
8.1.1 Bioactivity and Anti-Bacterial Properties Simultaneouslyp. 58
8.1.1.1 Bioactivityp. 58
8.1.1.2 Anti-bacterial aspectsp. 58
8.1.2 Microleakagep. 61
8.2 Drug Delivery Carriersp. 64
8.3 Haemocompatibilityp. 64
8.4 Conclusions and Outlookp. 67
9 Dental Applications within Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 71
9.1 Chemically Bonded Bioceramics for Dental Applications: An Introductionp. 71
9.2 Dental Applicationsp. 73
9.2.1 Dental Cementsp. 73
9.2.2 Endodonticsp. 75
9.2.3 Dental Fillingsp. 78
9.2.4 Dental Implant Coatingsp. 79
9.3 Summary and Conclusionp. 79
10 Orthopaedic Applications within Nanostructural Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 83
10.1 Biomaterials for Orthopaedic Applicationsp. 83
10.2 Chemically Bonded Bioceramics for Orthopaedic Applicationsp. 84
10.2.1 Ca-Aluminate-Based Orthopaedic Materialsp. 84
10.2.1.1 PVPp. 85
10.2.1.2 KVPp. 85
10.2.2 Ca-Aluminate-Based Orthopaedic Coating Materialsp. 87
10.2.2.1 Point-weldingp. 89
10.3 Summary and Conclusionsp. 90
11 Carriers for Drug Delivery Based on Nanostructural Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 93
11.1 Chemically Bonded Bioceramics as Carriers for Drug Delivery: Introductionp. 93
11.2 Important Aspects of Carriers for Drug Deliveryp. 94
11.2.1 General Aspectsp. 95
11.2.2 Drug-Loading and Manufacturing Aspectsp. 97
11.2.3 Drug Release Control Aspectsp. 99
11.2.3.1 Types of chemically bonded ceramicsp. 99
11.2.3.2 Grain size distributionp. 99
11.2.3.3 Micro structure of additional particles (additives) for drug incorporationp. 100
11.2.3.4 Pharmaceutical compositionsp. 101
11.3 Summary and Conclusionp. 102
12 Clinical Observations and Testingp. 105
12.1 Clinical Evaluation: An Introductionp. 105
12.2 Dental Biomaterial Evaluationp. 106
12.2.1 Introductionp. 106
12.2.2 Dental Luting Cement: Prospective Observationsp. 107
12.2.3 Endodontic Fillings: A Retrospective Investigation of a Ca-Aluminate-Based Material in Root Canal Sealingp. 113
12.3 Orthopaedic Biomaterial Evaluationp. 118
12.3.1 Introductionp. 118
12.3.2 Clinical Studiesp. 119
12.3.2.1 A prospective clinical study in PVPp. 123
12.3.3 Presentation of clinical resultsp. 125
12.3.3.1 Primary effectiveness variablep. 125
12.3.3.2 Secondary effectiveness variablesp. 127
12.4 Overall Conclusionsp. 129
13 Classification and Summary of Beneficial Features of Nanostructural Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 133
13.1 Introduction: A Classification of Biomaterialsp. 133
13.2 Processing and Property Profilep. 136
13.3 Unique Propertiesp. 137
13.4 Applications for Nanostructutal Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 137
14 Future Aspects of Nanostructural Chemically Bonded Bioceramicsp. 141
14.1 Introductionp. 141
14.2 Possible Future Developmentsp. 142
14.2.1 Nanostructural CBBC Materialsp. 142
14.2.2 Specific Propertiesp. 142
14.2.3 Active Additivesp. 142
14.2.4 Third-Generation Biomaterialsp. 143
14.3 Conclusionp. 143
Definitionsp. 147
Abbreviationsp. 149
Indexp. 153