Y. Gowayed, Auburn University, USAO. Faruk and M. Sain, University of Toronto, CanadaR. El-Hajjar, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA and H. Tan, Hewlett-Packard Company, USA and K. M. Pillai, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USAN. Uddin and S. Cauthen and L. Ramos and U. K. Vaidya, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USAO. Gunes, Cankaya University, TurkeyJ. Wang, The University of Alabama, USAS. Moy, University of Southampton, UKD. Lau, City University of Hong Kong and P. R. ChinaN. Uddin and M. A. Mousa and U Vaidya and F. H. Fouad, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USAN. Uddin and M. A. Mousa and F. H. Fouad, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USAN. Uddin and M. A. Mousa, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USAN. Uddin and A. Vaidya and U. Vaidya and S. Pillay, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USAN. Uddin and A. M. Abro and I D. Purdue and U. Vaidya, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USAY. Kitane, Nagoya University, Japan and A. J. Aref, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, USAM. Dawood, University of Houston, USAR. Liang and G. Hota, West Virginia University, USAP. Qiao, Washington State University, USA and J. F. Davalos, The City College of New York, USA

Contributor contact details	p. xiii
Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering	p. xix
Introduction	p. xxiii
Part I General developments	p. 1
1 Types of fiber and fiber arrangement in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites	p. 3
1.1 Introduction	p. 3
1.2 Fibers	p. 5
1.3 Fabrics	p. 10
1.4 Composites	p. 14
1.5 Future trends	p. 15
1.6 Sources of further information and advice	p. 16
1.7 References	p. 16
2 Biofiber reinforced polymer composites for structural applications	p. 18
2.1 Introduction	p. 18
2.2 Reinforcing fibers	p. 19
2.3 Drawbacks of biofibers	p. 22
2.4 Modification of natural fibers	p. 24
2.5 Matrices for biocomposites	p. 26
2.6 Processing of biofiber-reinforced plastic composites	p. 31
2.7 Performance of biocomposites	p. 36
2.8 Future trends	p. 43
2.9 Conclusion	p. 45
2.10 References	p. 46
3 Advanced processing techniques for composite materials for structural applications	p. 54
3.1 Introduction	p. 54
3.2 Manual layup	p. 54
3.3 Plate bonding	p. 55
3.4 Preforming	p. 56
3.5 Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM)	p. 57
3.6 Pultruded composites	p. 65
3.7 Automated fiber placement	p. 69
3.8 Future trends	p. 71
3.9 Sources of further information	p. 72
3.10 References	p. 72
4 Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) for external strengthening of structures	p. 77
4.1 Introduction	p. 77
4.2 The limitations of hand layup techniques	p. 79
4.3 Comparing hand layup and vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM)	p. 81
4.4 Analyzing load, strain, deflections, and failure modes	p. 83
4.5 Flexural fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapped beams	p. 86
4.6 Shear and flexural fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapped beams	p. 90
4.7 Comparing hand layup and vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM): results and discussion	p. 94
4.8 Case study: I-565 Highway bridge girder	p. 97
4.9 Conclusion and future trends	p. 111
4.10 Acknowledgment	p. 113
4.11 References	p. 113
5 Failure modes in structural applications of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and their prevention	p. 115
5.1 Introduction	p. 115
5.2 Failures in structural engineering applications of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites	p. 116
5.3 Strategies for failure prevention	p. 123
5.4 Non-destructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) for inspection and monitoring	p. 129
5.5 Future trends	p. 140
5.6 Conclusion	p. 141
5.7 Acknowledgment	p. 141
5.8 Sources of further information	p. 142
5.9 References	p. 143
6 Assessing the durability of the interface between fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and concrete in the rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures	p. 148
6.1 Introduction	p. 148
6.2 Interface stress analysis of the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-to-concrete interface	p. 149
6.3 Fracture analysis of the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-to-concrete interface	p. 155
6.4 Durability of the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-concrete interface	p. 163
6.5 References and further reading	p. 171
Part II Particular types and applications	p. 175
7 Advanced fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for civil engineering applications	p. 177
7.1 Introduction	p. 177
7.2 The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials in construction	p. 178
7.3 Practical applications in buildings	p. 181
7.4 Future trends	p. 202
7.5 Sources of further information	p. 203
7.6 References	p. 204
8 Hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for structural applications	p. 205
8.1 Introduction	p. 205
8.2 Hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete beams: internal reinforcement	p. 207
8.3 Hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in bridge construction	p. 218
8.4 Future trends	p. 221
8.5 Sources of further information	p. 222
8.6 References	p. 223
9 Design of hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)/autoclave aerated concrete (AAC) panels for structural applications	p. 226
9.1 Introduction	p. 226
9.2 Performance issues with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)/autoclave aerated concrete (AAC) panels	p. 227
9.3 Materials, processing, and methods of investigation	p. 229
9.4 Comparing different panel designs	p. 233
9.5 Analytical modeling of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)/autoclave aerated concrete (AAC) panels	p. 237
9.6 Design graphs for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)/autoclave aerated concrete (AAC) panels	p. 239
9.7 Conclusion	p. 244
9.8 Acknowledgment	p. 244
9.9 References	p. 244
9.10 Appendix A: ¿ calculations for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)/autoclave aerated concrete (AAC) using unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) facesheets (UFFS)	p. 245
9.11 Appendix B: symbols	p. 246
10 Impact behavior of hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)/autoclave aerated concrete (AAC) panels for structural applications	p. 247
10.1 Introduction	p. 247
10.2 Low velocity impact (LVI) and sandwich structures	p. 249
10.3 Materials and processing	p. 250
10.4 Analyzing sandwich structures using the energy balance model (EBM)	p. 253
10.5 Low velocity impact (LVI) testing	p. 255
10.6 Results of impact testing	p. 258
10.7 Analysis using the energy balance model (EBM)	p. 266
10.8 Conclusion	p. 269
10.9 Acknowledgment	p. 269
10.10 References	p. 270
10.11 Appendix, symbols	p. 271
11 Innovative fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for disaster-resistant buildings	p. 272
11.1 Introduction	p. 272
11.2 Traditional and advanced panelized construction	p. 273
11.3 Innovative composite structural insulated panels (CSIPs)	p. 274
11.4 Designing composite structural insulated panels (CSIPs) for building applications under static loading	p. 279
11.5 Composite structural insulated panels (CSIPs) as a disaster-resistant building panel	p. 288
11.6 Conclusion	p. 299
11.7 Acknowledgment	p. 299
11.8 References	p. 299
12 Thermoplastic composite structural insulated panels (CSIPs) for modular panelized construction	p. 302
12.1 Introduction	p. 302
12.2 Traditional structural insulated panel (SIP) construction	p. 304
12.3 Joining of precast panels in modular buildings	p. 305
12.4 Manufacturing of composite structural insulated panels (CSIPs)	p. 307
12.5 Connections for composite structural insulated panels (CSIPs)	p. 311
12.6 Conclusion	p. 315
12.7 Acknowledgment	p. 315
12.8 References	p. 315
13 Thermoplastic composites for bridge structures	p. 317
13.1 Introduction	p. 317
13.2 Manufacturing process for thermoplastic composites	p. 318
13.3 Bridge deck designs	p. 320
13.4 Design case studies	p. 323
13.5 Comparing bridge deck designs	p. 329
13.6 Prefabricated wraps for bridge columns	p. 332
13.7 Compression loading of bridge columns	p. 333
13.8 Impact loading of bridge columns	p. 338
13.9 Conclusion	p. 343
13.10 Acknowledgment	p. 345
13.11 References	p. 345
14 Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for bridge superstructures	p. 347
14.1 Introduction	p. 347
14.2 Fiber-re in forced polymer (FRP) applications in bridge structures	p. 351
14.3 Hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-concrete bridge superstructure	p. 356
14.4 Conclusion	p. 378
14.5 References	p. 379
15 Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for strengthening steel structures	p. 382
15.1 Introduction	p. 382
15.2 Conventional repair techniques and advantages of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites	p. 383
15.3 Flexural rehabilitation of steel and steel-concrete composite beams	p. 386
15.4 Bond behavior	p. 394
15.5 Repair of cracked steel members	p. 399
15.6 Stabilizing slender steel members	p. 400
15.7 Case studies and field applications	p. 401
15.8 Future trends	p. 402
15.9 Sources of further information	p. 404
15.10 References	p. 405
16 Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in environmental engineering applications	p. 410
16.1 Introduction	p. 410
16.2 Advantages and environmental benefits of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites	p. 412
16.3 Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in chemical environmental applications	p. 414
16.4 Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in sea-water environment	p. 418
16.5 Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in coal-fired plants	p. 423
16.6 Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in mining environments	p. 429
16.7 Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for modular building of environmental durability	p. 435
16.8 Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps	p. 437
16.9 Recycling composites	p. 441
16.10 Green composites	p. 447
16.11 Durability of composites	p. 455
16.12 Design codes and specifications	p. 458
16.13 Future trends	p. 461
16.14 Acknowledgment	p. 462
16.15 References	p. 463
17 Design of all-composite structures using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites	p. 469
17.1 Introduction	p. 469
17.2 Review on analysis	p. 470
17.3 Systematic analysis and design methodology	p. 473
17.4 Structural members	p. 485
17.5 Structural systems	p. 502
17.6 Design guidelines	p. 503
17.7 Conclusion	p. 504
17.8 References	p. 505
Index	p. 509