Collaborative enterprise architecture : enriching EA with lean, agile, and enterprise 2.0 practices

Ever-changing business needs have prompted large companies to rethink their enterprise IT. Today, businesses must allow interaction with their customers, partners, and employees at more touch points and at a depth never thought previously. At the same time, rapid advances in information technologies, like business digitization, cloud computing, and Web 2.0, demand fundamental changes in the enterprises' management practices. These changes have a drastic effect not only on IT and business, but also on policies, processes, and people. Many companies therefore embark on enterprise-wide transformation initiatives. The role of Enterprise Architecture (EA) is to architect and supervise this transformational journey.Unfortunately, today's EA is often a ponderous and detached exercise, with most of the EA initiatives failing to create visible impact. The enterprises need an EA that is agile and responsive to business dynamics. Collaborative Enterprise Architecture provides the innovative solutions today's enterprises require, informed by real-world experiences and experts' insights. This book, in its first part, provides a systematic compendium of the current best practices in EA, analyzes current ways of doing EA, and identifies its constraints and shortcomings. In the second part, it leaves the beaten tracks of EA by introducing Lean, Agile, and Enterprise 2.0 concepts to the traditional EA methods. This blended approach to EA focuses on practical aspects, with recommendations derived from real-world experiences. A truly thought provoking and pragmatic guide to manage EA, Collaborative Enterprise Architecture effectively merges the long-term oriented top-down approach with pragmatic bottom-up thinking, and that way offers real solutions to businesses undergoing enterprise-wide change.

Author Notes

Stefan Bente, Management Consultant, Cassini Consulting, Germany
Uwe Bombosch, Chief IT Architect, Platinion, Germany
Shailendra Langade, EA Practice Lead, Corporate Technology Excellence Group, Tata Consultancy Services, India

Reviews 1

Choice Review

Bente, Bombosch, and Langade have extensive experience in the information technology field, starting on the ground level as software developers and advancing to roles in enterprise architecture (EA). Their collective wealth of knowledge based on real-world practices has allowed them to recognize that the collaboration of all stakeholders is a major key to obtaining effective and efficient EA. The nine-chapter volume begins by defining EA. Next come discussions of the key functions involved and the current frameworks and maturity models used along with the challenges of using those frameworks and models. The authors then describe how lean, agile, and Enterprise 2.0 methodologies can keep EA collaboration dynamic and robust. Though the writing style makes for easy reading, this book is intended for those with several years of experience in the information technology field. Summing Up: Recommended. Researchers/faculty and professionals/practitioners. A. J. Marsh University of Arkansas at Monticello

Acknowledgments	p. xi
Chapter 1 Why Collaborative Enterprise Architecture?	p. 1
Reasons for This Book	p. 1
Goals and Benefits of Enterprise Architecture	p. 4
Controlling IT Complexity	p. 6
Aligning Business and IT	p. 9
The Gray Reality: Enterprise Architecture Failures	p. 11
Between Success and Disappointment	p. 12
Perspective: Between Bird's-Eye View and Nitty-Gritty on the Ground	p. 14
Governance: A Host of Directives, but No One Follows Them	p. 19
Strategy: Marathaon or 100 m Run?	p. 21
Transformation: Between Standstill and Continuous Revolution	p. 23
Enriching EA by Lean, Agile, and Enterprise 2.0 Practices	p. 25
How This Book Is Structured	p. 28
Chapter 2 What is Enterprise Architecture?	p. 31
The Meaning of Architecture	p. 31
Applying Architecture to an Enterprise	p. 34
EA Applicability and Use	p. 36
Chapter 3 What Enterprise Architects Do: Core Activities of EA	p. 39
Defining the IT Strategy (EA-1)	p. 41
Defining the Goals	p. 42
Stipulating the Rules	p. 43
The Gartner Grid	p. 46
Identifying the Initiatives	p. 48
The Role of an Enterprise Architect	p. 49
Modeling the Architectures (EA-2)	p. 49
Models and Views of Various Architectures	p. 49
Visualizing Cross-Relations and Transformations	p. 51
Modeling Standards	p. 52
Evolving the IT Landscape (EA-3)	p. 58
Application Rationalization	p. 58
General IT Transformations	p. 66
SOA Transformations	p. 67
Assessing and Building Capabilities (EA-4)	p. 69
Competence Development for Enterprise Architects	p. 69
Formalizing Enterprise Architecture	p. 74
EA Team Position in the Organization Structure	p. 76
Developing and Enforcing Standards and Guidelines (EA-5)	p. 78
Standardizing on Technology Usage	p. 79
Enforcing Standards and Guidelines	p. 83
Monitoring the Project Portfolio (EA-6)	p. 86
Building the Project Portfolio	p. 87
Auditing the Portfolio	p. 93
Leading or Coaching Projects (EA-7)	p. 98
Managing Risks Involved in IT (EA-8)	p. 100
Chapter 4 EA Frameworks	p. 105
What is an EA Framework?	p. 106
The Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture	p. 108
The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF)	p. 110
TOGAF Architecture Development Methodology (ADM)	p. 111
TOGAF Architecture Content Framework	p. 114
TOGAF Architecture Capability Framework	p. 115
Gartner Methodology (Formerly META Framework)	p. 118
The Role and Use of EA frameworks	p. 121
Chapter 5 EA Maturity Models	p. 123
Applying Maturity Model to EA	p. 124
What is a Maturity Model?	p. 124
Relevance of Maturity Models in EA	p. 126
A Rule of Thumb for the Architectural Maturity of an Enterprise	p. 126
OMB EA Assessment Framework	p. 127
Architecture Capability Maturity Model of the US Department of Commerce	p. 130
EA Maturity Model by MIT Center for Information System Research	p. 132
Experiences with the Maturity Models	p. 134
Chapter 6 Foundations of Collaborative EA	p. 137
Reflections on Complexity	p. 139
Beyond Threshing Machines	p. 139
Structure and Behavior of Complex Phenomena	p. 140
Principles of Managing Complexity	p. 141
Management Capabilities of Hierarchies and Networks	p. 146
The EA Dashboard as a Yardstic for EA Effectiveness	p. 152
Chapter 7 Toward Pragmatism: Learn and Agila EA	p. 159
The Architecture Factory: Applying Lean and Agile Methods to EA	p. 160
Lean and Agile Principles as Facilitators for the Architecture Factory	p. 162
Definition of a Lean and Agile EA	p. 163
Lean and Agile Principles	p. 165
Team-driven and Flexible: Agile Software Development	p. 165
Learning from Mass Production: Lean Software Development	p. 174
Lean and Agile: Parallels and Differences	p. 180
Building Block 1	p. 182
The Seven Wastes of EA	p. 183
Value Stream Analysis Tools for EA	p. 193
Transition to a Lean and Agile EA Organization	p. 203
Summing It Up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard	p. 205
Building Block 2: Involve all Stakeholders by Interlocking Architecture Scrums	p. 205
An Agile EA Project	p. 206
Scrum Patterns for EA	p. 209
Summing It Up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard	p. 215
Building Block 3: Practice Iteractive Architecture Through EA Kanban	p. 216
Agile EA Requirements Management	p. 217
An EA Kanban Board using TOGAF ADM	p. 222
Synchronization with Implementation Projects	p. 230
Summing It Up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard	p. 233
Chapter 8 Inviting to Participation: EAM 2.0	p. 235
A Primer on Enterprise 2.0	p. 237
Building Block 4: Participation in Knowledge	p. 246
The Strategy Blog	p. 247
Collaborative Data Modeling: The ObjectPedia	p. 249
Weak Ties and a Self-Organizing Application Landscape	p. 251
Summing It Up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard	p. 256
Building Block 5: Participation in Decisions	p. 258
The Diagnostic Process Landscape	p. 259
The Bazaar of IT Opportunities	p. 261
Summing It Up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard	p. 264
Building Block 6: Participation in Transformation	p. 265
Mashing Up the Architecture Continuum	p. 265
The Change Management Microblog	p. 270
Summing It Up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard	p. 277
The Bottom Line: Inviting to Explore	p. 278
Chapter 9 The Next Steps: Taking Collaborative EA Forward	p. 279
A Summary	p. 279
Getting Started with Collaborative EA	p. 283
Interpreting the Organizational Attitude Toward Change	p. 283
Motivate the Elephant	p. 286
Direct the Rider	p. 288
Shape the Path	p. 290
Looking Ahead	p. 293
Appendix: The Bank4Us Staff	p. 295
References	p. 297
Index	p. 303

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