Seismic Design of Concrete Buildings to Eurocode 8

Title:

Personal Author:

Fardis, M. N. (Michael N.), author

Physical Description:

xviii, 401 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm.

ISBN:

9781466559745

Abstract:

1. Introduction Seismic design of concrete buildings in the context of Eurocodes Seismic design of concrete buildings in this book Seismic performance requirements for buildings in Eurocode 2. Earthquakes and their structural and geotechnical effects- Introduction to earthquakes Effects of earthquakes on concrete buildings Effects of earthquakes on geotechnical structures Earthquake effects on shallow foundations Earthquake effects on lifelines 3. Analysis of building structures for seismic actions Linear elastic analysis Behaviour factor Non-linear analysis 4. Conceptual design of concrete buildings for earthquake resistance Principles of seismic design: Inelastic response and ductility demand General principles of conceptual seismic design Regularity and irregularity of building structures Structural systems of concrete buildings and their components The capacity design concept Ductility classification The option of 'secondary seismic elements' 5. Detailed seismic design of concrete buildings Introduction Sizing of frame members Detailed design of beams in flexure Detailed design of columns in flexure Detailed design of beams and columns in shear Detailed design of ductile walls in flexure and shear Detailing for ductility Dimensioning for vectorial action effects due to concurrent seismic action components 'Secondary seismic elements' 6. Design of foundations and foundation elements Importance and influence of soil-structure interaction Verification of shallow foundations Design of concrete elements in shallow foundations 7. Design example: Multistorey buildingGeometry and design parameters Modelling for the analysis Analysis Seismic displacements from the analysis and their utilisation Member internal forces from the analyses Detailed design of members References Index

Subject Term:

Earthquake resistant design -- Standards -- Europe

Concrete construction -- Standards -- Europe

Buildings, Reinforced concrete -- Earthquake effects

Added Author:

Carvalho, Eduardo C.,

Fajfar, P. (Peter),

Pecker, Alain,

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Searching... PSZ JB	30000010342395	TA658.44 F37 2015	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

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Summary

An Original Source of Expressions and Tools for the Design of Concrete Elements with Eurocode

Seismic design of concrete buildings needs to be performed to a strong and recognized standard. Eurocode 8 was introduced recently in the 30 countries belonging to CEN, as part of the suite of Structural Eurocodes, and it represents the first European Standard for seismic design. It is also having an impact on seismic design standards in countries outside Europe and will be applied there for the design of important facilities.

This book:

Contains the fundamentals of earthquakes and their effects at the ground level, as these are affected by local soil conditions, with particular reference to EC8 rules Provides guidance for the conceptual design of concrete buildings and their foundations for earthquake resistance Overviews and exemplifies linear and nonlinear seismic analysis of concrete buildings for design to EC8 and their modelling Presents the application of the design verifications, member dimensioning and detailing rules of EC8 for concrete buildings, including their foundations Serves as a commentary of the parts of EC8 relevant to concrete buildings and their foundations, supplementing them and explaining their proper application

Seismic Design of Concrete Buildings to Eurocode 8 suits graduate or advanced undergraduate students, instructors running courses on seismic design and practicing engineers interested in the sound application of EC8 to concrete buildings. Alongside simpler examples for analysis and detailed design, it includes a comprehensive case study of the conceptual design, analysis and detailed design of a realistic building with six stories above grade and two basements, with a complete structural system of walls and frames. Homework problems are given at the end of some of the chapters.

Author Notes

Michael N. Fardis is a professor at the University of Patras, Greece. He was president of the federation International du bton (fib) (2009-10) and chairman of the CEN Committee for Eurocode 8 (1999-2005). He is currently vice-chairman of the CEN Committee "Structural Eurocodes" and director of the International Association of Earthquake Engineering (IAEE).
Eduardo C. Carvalho is the chairman of Gapres, a structural design office in Lisbon and is currently chairman of the CEN committee for Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance', and is a member of the Technical Council of federation Internationale du bton (fib).
Peter Fajtar is a professor of structural and earthquake engineering at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, and is the leader of the implementation process of Eurocode 8 in Slovenia, the first country to implement the code.
Alain Pecker is the president of Godynamique et Structure and professor of civil engineering at Ecole des Ponts ParisTech in France. He is president of the French committee for the development of seismic design codes.

Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgements	p. xv
Authors	p. xvii
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Seismic design of concrete buildings in the context of Eurocodes	p. 1
1.2 Seismic design of concrete buildings in this book	p. 5
1.3 Seismic performance requirements for buildings in Eurocode 8	p. 6
1.3.1 Life safety under a rare earthquake: The 'design seismic action' and the 'seismic design situation'	p. 6
1.3.2 Limitation of damage in occasional earthquakes	p. 8
2 Earthquakes and their structural and geotechnical effects	p. 9
2.1 Introduction to earthquakes	p. 9
2.1.1 Measure of earthquake characteristics: Magnitudes	p. 10
2.1.2 Characteristics of ground motions	p. 13
2.1.3 Determination of ground motion parameters	p. 15
2.1.4 Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses	p. 16
2.2 Effects of earthquakes on concrete buildings	p. 19
2.2.1 Global seismic response mechanisms	p. 19
2.2.2 Collapse	p. 21
2.2.3 Member behaviour and failure	p. 24
2.2.3.1 Columns	p. 25
2.2.3.2 Beam-column joints	p. 27
2.2.3.3 Beams	p. 28
2.2.3.4 Concrete walls	p. 28
2.3 Effects of earthquakes on geotechnical structures	p. 29
2.3.1 Site effects	p. 29
2.3.2 Soil liquefaction	p. 31
2.3.3 Slope stability	p. 34
2.4 Earthquake effects on shallow foundations	p. 35
2.5 Earthquake effects on lifelines	p. 37
3 Analysis of building structures for seismic actions	p. 43
3.1 Linear elastic analysis	p. 43
3.1.1 Dynamics of single degree of freedom systems	p. 43
3.1.1.1 Equation of motion	p. 43
3.1.1.2 Free vibration	p. 44
3.1.1.3 Forced vibration	p. 47
3.1.1.4 Numerical evaluation of dynamic response	p. 49
3.1.2 Seismic response of SDOF systems - Response spectrum	p. 52
3.1.2.1 Response spectra	p. 52
3.1.2.2 Pseudo-spectra and seismic force	p. 55
3.1.3 Elastic response spectra according to Eurocode 8	p. 57
3.1.4 Dynamics of multiple degrees of freedom systems	p. 61
3.1.4.1 Equation of motion	p. 61
3.1.4.2 Free vibration	p. 63
3.1.5 Modal response spectrum analysis	p. 65
3.1.5.1 Modal analysis	p. 65
3.1.5.2 Elaboration for the seismic action	p. 67
3.1.5.3 Combination of modal responses	p. 69
3.1.5.4 Special case: Planar building models	p. 71
3.1.6 Lateral force method	p. 72
3.1.7 Combination of seismic action components	p. 73
3.1.8 Accidental torsion	p. 74
3.1.9 Equivalent SDOF systems	p. 75
3.1.10 Modelling	p. 77
3.1.11 Elastic stiffness for linear analysts	p. 79
3.1.12 Second-order effects in linear analysis	p. 80
3.2 Behaviour factor	p. 81
3.2.1 Introduction	p. 81
3.2.2 The physical background of behaviour factors	p. 81
3.2.3 The ductility-dependent factor q µ	p. 85
3.2.4 The overstrength factor q s	p. 85
3.2.5 Implementation in Eurocode 8	p. 86
3.2.6 Use of reduction factors for MDOF structures	p. 88
3.3 Non-linear analysis	p. 90
3.3.1 Equation of motion for non-linear structural systems and non-linear time-history analysis	p. 90
3.3.2 Pushover-based methods	p. 91
3.3.2.1 Pushover analysis	p. 91
3.3.2.2 Transformation to an equivalent SDOF system	p. 92
3.3.2.3 Idealisation of the pushover curve	p. 94
3.3.2.4 Seismic demand	p. 95
3.3.2.5 Performance evaluation (damage analysis)	p. 98
3.3.2.6 Influence of higher modes	p. 99
3.3.2.7 Discussion of pushover-based methods	p. 102
3.3.3 Modelling	p. 104
4 Conceptual design of concrete buildings for earthquake resistance	p. 119
4.1 Principles of seismic design: Inelastic response and ductility demand	p. 119
4.2 General principles of conceptual seismic design	p. 121
4.2.1 The importance of conceptual design	p. 121
4.2.2 Structural simplicity	p. 121
4.2.3 Uniformity, symmetry and redundancy	p. 121
4.2.4 Bi-directional resistance and stiffness	p. 123
4.2.5 Torsional resistance and stiffness	p. 123
4.2.6 Diaphragmatic behaviour at storey level	p. 124
4.2.7 Adequate foundation	p. 126
4.3 Regularity and irregularity of building structures	p. 126
4.3.1 Introduction	p. 126
4.3.2 Criteria for irregularity or regularity in plan	p. 128
4.3.3 Implications of irregularity in plan	p. 137
4.3.3.1 Implications of regularity for the analysis model	p. 137
4.3.3.2 Implications of irregularity in plan for the behaviour factor q	p. 138
4.3.4 Irregularity and regularity in elevation	p. 139
4.3.5 Design implications of irregularity in elevation	p. 140
4.3.5.1 Implications of regularity for the analysis method	p. 140
4.3.5.2 Implications of regularity in elevation for the behaviour factor q	p. 141
4.4 Structural systems of concrete buildings and their components	p. 141
4.4.1 Introduction	p. 141
4.4.2 Ductile walls and wall systems	p. 142
4.4.2.1 Concrete walls as vertical cantilevers	p. 142
4.4.2.2 What distinguishes a wall from a column?	p. 143
4.4.2.3 Conceptual design of wall systems	p. 144
4.4.2.4 Advantages and disadvantages of walls for earthquake resistance	p. 145
4.4.3 Moment-resisting frames of beams and columns	p. 146
4.4.3.1 Special features of the seismic behaviour of frames: The role of beam-column connections	p. 146
4.4.3.2 Conceptual design of RC frames for earthquake resistance	p. 147
4.4.3.3 Advantages and drawbacks of frames for earthquake resistance	p. 149
4.4.4 Dual systems of frames and walls	p. 150
4.4.4.1 Behaviour and classification per Eurocode 8	p. 150
4.4.4.2 Conceptual design of dual systems	p. 152
4.4.5 Foundations and foundation systems for buildings	p. 152
4.5 The capacity design concept	p. 153
4.5.1 The rationale	p. 153
4.5.2 The role of a stiff and strong vertical spine in the building	p. 154
4.5.3 Capacity design in the context of detailed design for earthquake resistance	p. 156
4.6 Ductility classification	p. 156
4.6.1 Ductility as an alternative to strength	p. 156
4.6.2 Ductility classes in Eurocode 8	p. 157
4.6.2.1 Ductility Class L (low): Use and behaviour factor	p. 157
4.6.2.2 Ductility Classes M (medium) and H (high) and their use	p. 158
4.6.3 Behaviour factor of DC M and H buildings	p. 158
4.7 The option of 'secondary seismic elements'	p. 161
5 Detailed seismic design of concrete buildings	p. 177
5.1 Introduction	p. 177
5.1.1 Sequence of operations in the detailed design for earthquake resistance'	p. 177
5.1.2 Material partial factors in ultimate limit state dimensioning of members	p. 178
5.2 Sizing of frame members	p. 178
5.2.1 Introduction	p. 178
5.2.2 Sizing of beams	p. 179
5.2.3 Sizing the columns	p. 180
5.2.3.1 Introduction	p. 180
5.2.3.2 Upper limit on normalised axial load in columns	p. 180
5.2.3.3 Column size for anchorage of beam bars in beam-column joints	p. 181
5.2.3.4 Sizing of columns to meet the slenderness limits in Eurocode 2	p. 182
5.3 Detailed design of beams in flexure	p. 186
5.3.1 Dimensioning of the beam longitudinal reinforcement for the UTS in flexure	p. 186
5.3.2 Detailing of beam longitudinal reinforcement	p. 188
5.3.3 Serviceability requirements in Eurocode 2: Impact on beam longitudinal reinforcement	p. 190
5.3.3.1 Introduction	p. 190
5.3.3.2 Stress limitation SLS	p. 190
5.3.3.3 Crack width SLS	p. 191
5.3.3.4 Minimum steel for crack control	p. 192
5.3.4 Beam moment resistance at the end sections	p. 194
5.4 Detailed design of columns in flexure	p. 195
5.4.1 Strong column-weak beam capacity design	p. 195
5.4.2 Dimensioning of column vertical reinforcement for action effects from the analysis	p. 197
5.4.3 Calculation of the column moment resistance for given reinforcement and axial load	p. 201
5.5 Detailed design of beams and columns in shear	p. 204
5.5.1 Capacity design shears in beams or columns	p. 204
5.5.2 Dimensioning of beams for the ULS in shear	p. 208
5.5.3 Special rules for seismic design of critical regions in DC H beams for the ULS in shear	p. 210
5.5.4 Dimensioning of columns for the ULS in shear	p. 211
5.6 Detailed design of ductile walls in flexure and shear	p. 213
5.6.1 Design of ductile walls in flexure	p. 213
5.6.1.1 Design moments of ductile walls	p. 213
5.6.1.2 Dimensioning and detailing of vertical reinforcement in ductile walls	p. 214
5.6.2 Design of ductile walls in shear	p. 219
5.6.2.1 Design shears in ductile walls	p. 219
5.6.2.2 Verification of ductile walls in shear: Special rules for critical regions of DC.H walls	p. 221
5.7 Detailing for ductility	p. 224
5.7.1 'Critical regions' in ductile members	p. 224
5.7.2 Material requirements	p. 225
5.7.3 Curvature ductility demand m 'critical regions'	p. 226
5.7.4 Upper and lower limit on longitudinal reinforcement ratio of primary beams	p. 227
5.7.5 Confining reinforcement in 'critical regions' of primary columns	p. 228
5.7.6 Confinement of 'boundary elements' at the edges of a wall section	p. 230
5.7.7 Confinement of wall or column sections with more than one rectangular part	p. 232
5.8 Dimensioning for vectorial action effects due to concurrent seismic action components	p. 233
5.8.1 General approaches	p. 233
5.8.2 Implications for the column axial force values in capacity design calculations	p. 234
5.9 'Secondary seismic elements'	p. 235
5.9.1 Special design requirements for 'secondary' members and implications for the analysis	p. 235
5.9.2 Verification of 'secondary' members in the seismic design situation	p. 236
5.9.3 Modelling of 'secondary' members in the analysis	p. 237
6 Design of foundations and foundation elements	p. 265
6.1 Importance, and influence of soil-structure interaction	p. 265
6.2 Verification of shallow foundations	p. 271
6.2.1 Three design approaches in EN 1990 and EC7	p. 271
6.2.2 Verifications in the 'seismic design situation'	p. 273
6.2.3 Estimation and verification of settlements	p. 273
6.2.4 Verification of sliding capacity	p. 275
6.2.5 Foundation uplift	p. 276
6.2.6 Bearing capacity of the foundation	p. 276
6.3 Design of concrete elements in shallow foundations	p. 278
6.3.1 Shallow foundation systems in earthquake-resist ant buildings	p. 278
6.3.2 Capacity design of foundations	p. 281
6.3.3 Design of concrete foundation elements: Scope	p. 284
6.3.4 Distribution of soil pressures for the ULS design of concrete foundation elements	p. 285
6.3.5 Verification of footings in shear	p. 287
6.3.6 Design of the footing reinforcement	p. 291
6.3.7 Verification of footings in punching shear	p. 294
6.3.8 Design and detailing of tie-beams and foundation beams	p. 298
7 Design example: Multistorey building	p. 315
7.1 Geometry and design parameters	p. 315
7.2 Modelling for the analysis	p. 318
7.2.1 General modelling	p. 319
7.2.2 Modelling of the foundation and the soil	p. 319
7.2.3 Modelling of perimeter foundation walls	p. 322
7.3 Analysis	p. 323
7.3.1 Fraction of base shear taken by the walls: Basic value of behaviour factor	p. 323
7.3.2 Possible reduction of behaviour factor due to irregularity in elevation or squat walls	p. 324
7.3.3 Torsional flexibility and regularity in plan: Pinal value of the behaviour factor	p. 324
7.3.4 Lateral-force analysis procedure	p. 326
7.3.5 Multi-modal response spectrum analysis: Periods, mode shapes, participating masses	p. 327
7.3.6 Accidental eccentricity and its effects	p. 328
7.4 Seismic displacements from the analysis and their utilisation	p. 329
7.4.1 Inter-storey drifts under the damage limitation seismic action	p. 329
7.4.2 Second-order effects	p. 329
7.5 Member internal forces from the analyses	p. 330
7.5.1 Seismic action effects	p. 330
7.5.2 Action effects of gravity loads	p. 349
7.6 Detailed design of members	p. 349
7.6.1 Introduction	p. 349
7.6.2 Detailed design sequence	p. 358
7.6.2.1 Stage I: Beam longitudinal reinforcement (dimensioning for the ULS in flexure and the SLSs of stress limitation and crack control; detailing per EC2 and EC8)	p. 358
7.6.2.2 Stage 2: Columns (slenderness check; dimensioning of vertical and transverse reinforcement from the ULSs in flexure and shear with capacity design; detailing per ECS)	p. 364
7.6.2.3 Stage 3: Beams in shear (Capacity design shears; dimensioning of transverse reinforcement for the ULS in shear; detailing per EC8)	p. 376
7.6.2.4 Stage 4: Walls (dimensioning of vertical and transverse reinforcement for the ULSs in flexure and in shear; detailing per EC8)	p. 376
7.6.2.5 Stage 5: Footings (Bearing capacity; dimensioning for the ULSs in shear; punching shear and flexure)	p. 386
References	p. 389
Index	p. 393

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Summary

Summary

Author Notes

Table of Contents