Water wells and pumps

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Searching... PSZ JB	30000010170134	TD407 M53 2008	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
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Summary

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Design and Build Safe, Efficient Systems for Irrigation and Water Supply

Water Wells and Pumps is a comprehensive guide to the essential theory and design of ground water structures, wells/tube wells, and pumps, with particular emphasis on problem solving and meeting the requirements of developing nations. It features thorough, up-to-date knowledge of the science and technology of water wells and pumps as well as allied appliances and applications.

This authoritative desk reference outlines the construction, operation, and maintenance of water wells for irrigation and water supply. It also presents the development and testing of tube wells as well as a variety of pumps, both location-specific. Using SI units exclusively, Water Wells and Pumps features:

Coverage of a variety of pumps, including those using nonconventional, environmentally friendly means Examinations of ground water recharge methods, well rehabilitation, and animal-powered water lifts Techno-economic evaluation of projects on wells and pumps References and problems at the end of each chapter for research and educational use

Solutions for all problems related to designing secure, reliable systems

* Ground water resources development and utilization * Hydraulics of wells * Open wells * Tube wells and their designs * Development and testing of tube wells * Rehabilitation of sick and failed tube wells * Man- and animal-powered water lifts and positive displacement pumps * Variable displacement pumps and accessories * Centrifugal pumps * Deep well turbine and submersible pumps * Propeller, mixed flow, and jet pumps * Applications of nonconventional energy sources in pumping

Author Notes

A. M. Michael, M.Tech., Ph.D., Consultant, Land and Water Management
S. D. Khepar M.E., Ph.D., Consultant, Irrigation Engineering
S. K. Sondhi M.Tech., Ph.D., Consultant, Water Resources Engineering

Preface	p. xiii
1 Ground Water Resources Development and Utilization	p. 1
1.1 The Hydrologic Cycle	p. 2
1.2 Types of Water-Bearing Formations	p. 3
1.3 Types of Soil Water	p. 6
1.4 Hydrologic Units	p. 7
1.5 Minerals and Rocks	p. 7
1.6 Influence of Physiography and Climate on Ground Water Availability	p. 9
1.7 Hydro-Geological Formations	p. 11
1.8 Ground Water Investigations	p. 15
1.9 Ground Water Quality	p. 19
1.10 Types of Water Wells	p. 28
1.11 Ground Water Resource Assessment	p. 29
1.12 Status of Ground Water Development in India	p. 30
1.13 Artificial Recharge of Ground Water	p. 31
1.14 Conjunctive Use of Ground Water with Canal Water	p. 42
1.15 Legal Aspects of Ground Water Management	p. 42
1.16 Ground Water Pollution	p. 44
References	p. 47
Short Questions	p. 48
2 Hydraulics of Wells	p. 52
2.1 Definitions	p. 52
2.2 Aquifer Characteristics Influencing Yield of Wells	p. 54
2.3 Steady State Radial Flow	p. 58
2.4 Unsteady State Flow	p. 68
2.5 Pumping Tests	p. 81
2.6 Well Interference	p. 88
References	p. 90
Problems	p. 92
Short Questions	p. 93
3 Open Wells	p. 98
3.1 Open Wells in Unconsolidated Formations	p. 99
3.2 Open Wells in Hard Rock Formations	p. 120
3.3 Deepening of Open Wells	p. 124
3.4 Increasing the Yield of Open Wells	p. 135
3.5 Failure of Open Wells Due to Excessive Pumping	p. 141
3.6 Sanitary Protection of Wells	p. 141
References	p. 147
Problems	p. 148
Short Questions	p. 148
4 Tube Wells and Their Design	p. 151
4.1 Types of Tube Wells	p. 151
4.2 Selection of the Type of Tube Well	p. 168
4.3 Plastic Pipes for Tube Well Casings and Strainers	p. 168
4.4 Design of Tube Wells	p. 174
4.5 Sanitary Protection of Tube Wells	p. 190
4.6 Design of Skimming Wells	p. 194
References	p. 197
Short Questions	p. 199
5 Tube Well Construction	p. 203
5.1 Construction of Bored and Driven Tube Wells	p. 203
5.2 Tube Well Drilling Equipment and Methods	p. 206
5.3 Percussion Drilling	p. 207
5.4 Hydraulic Rotary Drilling	p. 221
5.5 Drilling with Down-the-Hole Hammer and Air Rotary Drills	p. 247
5.6 Miscellaneous Drilling Methods	p. 264
5.7 Choice of Drilling Method	p. 270
5.8 Installation of Well Screens and Checking Well Alignment	p. 273
5.9 Sealing of Brackish and Saline Aquifer Horizons	p. 278
References	p. 280
Short Questions	p. 281
6 Development and Testing of Tube Wells	p. 285
6.1 Objectives of Well Development	p. 285
6.2 Methods of Well Development	p. 287
6.3 Use of Dispersing Agents in Well Development	p. 303
6.4 Development of a Cavity Tube Well	p. 303
6.5 Choice of Well Development Method	p. 303
6.6 Testing of Tube Wells	p. 305
References	p. 307
Problems	p. 308
Short Questions	p. 308
7 Rehabilitation of Sick and Failed Tube Wells	p. 311
7.1 Evaluation of Well Performance for Diagnosing Cause of Failure	p. 311
7.2 Influence of Faulty Design, Construction and Operation on Well Failures	p. 313
7.3 Photographic Evaluation of Well Failures	p. 316
7.4 Mechanical Failures and Use of Fishing Tools	p. 317
7.5 Corrosion and Incrustation of Well Screens	p. 322
References	p. 336
Short Questions	p. 337
8 Man and Animal Powered Water Lifts and Positive Displacement Pumps	p. 340
8.1 Manually Operated Water Lifts	p. 341
8.2 Animal Powered Water Lifts	p. 356
8.3 Positive Displacement Pumps	p. 365
References	p. 385
Problems	p. 386
Short Questions	p. 387
9 Variable Displacement Pumps and Accessories	p. 390
9.1 Classification of Variable Displacement Pumps	p. 390
9.2 Centrifugal Pumps	p. 391
9.3 Friction Head in Pipe System	p. 398
9.4 Total Pumping Head	p. 399
9.5 Cavitation	p. 405
9.6 Power Requirements in Pumping	p. 407
9.7 Pump Characteristic Curves	p. 411
9.8 System Head Curve	p. 418
9.9 Selection of Centrifugal Pumps	p. 419
9.10 Accessories for Horizontal Volute Centrifugal Pumps	p. 426
9.11 Economical Pipe Size Selection	p. 435
9.12 Selection of Pump Drive	p. 436
References	p. 437
Problems	p. 438
Short Questions	p. 439
10 Centrifugal Pumps: Design, Installation, Operation, Maintenance and Troubleshooting	p. 444
10.1 Design of Centrifugal Pumps	p. 444
10.2 Centrifugal Pump Installation	p. 471
10.3 Centrifugal Pump Operation	p. 492
10.4 Maintenance and Trouble-Shooting	p. 493
References	p. 500
Problems	p. 502
Short Questions	p. 502
11 Deep Well Turbine and Submersible Pumps	p. 506
11.1 Vertical Turbine Pumps	p. 506
11.2 Submersible Pumps	p. 533
References	p. 546
Short Questions	p. 546
12 Propeller, Mixed Flow and Jet Pumps	p. 549
12.1 Propeller Pumps	p. 549
12.2 Mixed Flow Pumps	p. 561
12.3 Jet Pumps	p. 564
References	p. 575
Short Questions	p. 576
13 Application of Non-Conventional Energy Sources in Pumping	p. 578
13.1 Windmills	p. 579
13.2 Hydro-Power	p. 596
13.3 Hydraulic Ram	p. 597
13.4 Solar Pumps	p. 621
13.5 Biogas	p. 625
13.6 Unique Requirements in Adopting Non-Conventional Energy Sources in Water Pumping	p. 629
13.7 Benefit-Cost Ratio of Pumping Plants Operated by Alternate Energy Sources	p. 631
References	p. 631
Problems	p. 633
Short Questions	p. 633
14 Techno-Economic Evaluation of Projects on Wells and Pumps	p. 637
14.1 Availability of Ground Water Resources	p. 637
14.2 Design of Wells and Selection of Equipment for Pumping	p. 647
14.3 Economic Evaluation	p. 647
References	p. 670
Problems	p. 671
Short Questions	p. 672
Appendix A	p. 674
Appendix B	p. 675
Appendix C	p. 679
Appendix D	p. 684
Index	p. 689

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Summary

Author Notes

Table of Contents