Cover image for Digital content annotation and transcoding
Title:
Digital content annotation and transcoding
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Publication Information:
Boston : Artech House, 2003
ISBN:
9781580533379

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30000010018111 QA76.9.F53 N34 2003 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Digital content is everywhere and has revolutionized the way broadcasters and Web sites deliver images, sound, video, and multimedia to their audiences. Today, Web site managers and broadcasters are striving to identify and target distinct segments in these audiences. This volume provides the in-depth technical details of transcoding and annotation that broadcast and Web engineers need to know to create accessible and reusable digital content capable of being tailored and personalized for a particular audience. It also covers metadata tagging, natural language processing, voice and video analysis, and multimedia summary and translation, which are the underpinning technologies of digital content transcoding and annotation.


Author Notes

Katashi Nagao received a doctorate degree in computer science from the Tokyo Institute of Technology.

Nagao is a professor at Nagoya University in Nagoya, Japan. A board member of the Association for Natural Language Processing, he is a leading researcher in advanced digital content and multimedia technologies as well as natural language processing, and served as an editor for the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence and the Information Processing Society of Japan.

050


Table of Contents

Prefacep. xiii
Acknowledgmentsp. xv
1 Introduction: Survival in Information Delugep. 1
1.1 Digital Content Technologyp. 2
1.2 Problems of On-Line Contentp. 3
1.3 Extension of Digital Contentp. 4
1.4 Organization of This Bookp. 9
1.4.1 Chapter 2--Transcoding: A Technique to Transform Digital Contentp. 9
1.4.2 Chapter 3--Annotation: A Technique to Extend Digital Contentp. 9
1.4.3 Chapter 4--Semantic Annotation and Transcoding: Towards Semantically Sharable Digital Contentp. 9
1.4.4 Chapter 5--Future Directions of Digital Content Technologyp. 10
Referencesp. 10
2 Transcoding: A Technique to Transform Digital Contentp. 11
2.1 Representation of Digital Contentp. 13
2.1.1 HTMLp. 13
2.1.2 XHTMLp. 15
2.1.3 WMLp. 19
2.1.4 VoiceXMLp. 21
2.1.5 SMILp. 23
2.2 Content Adaptationp. 24
2.2.1 XSLTsp. 25
2.3 Transcoding by Proxy Serversp. 28
2.3.1 HTML Simplificationp. 28
2.3.2 XSLT Style Sheet Selection and Applicationp. 31
2.3.3 Transformation of HTML into WMLp. 32
2.3.4 Image Transcodingp. 34
2.4 Content Personalizationp. 35
2.4.1 Transcoding for Accessibilityp. 35
2.5 Framework for Transcodingp. 43
2.5.1 Transcoding Framework in Actionp. 46
2.5.2 Limitations of the Transcoding Frameworkp. 49
2.5.3 An Implementation of Transcoding Proxiesp. 50
2.5.4 Technical Issues of Transcodingp. 54
2.5.5 Deployment Models of Transcodingp. 55
2.6 More Advanced Transcodingp. 58
Referencesp. 59
3 Annotation: A Technique to Extend Digital Contentp. 61
3.1 Frameworks of Metadatap. 62
3.1.1 Dublin Corep. 62
3.1.2 Warwick Frameworkp. 65
3.1.3 Resource Description Frameworkp. 67
3.1.4 MPEG-7p. 75
3.2 Creation of Annotationsp. 81
3.2.1 Annoteap. 82
3.2.2 Web Site-Wide Annotation for Accessibilityp. 92
3.3 Applications of Annotationp. 101
3.3.1 Multimedia Content Transcoding and Distributionp. 101
3.3.2 Content Access Controlp. 105
3.4 More on Annotationp. 116
3.4.1 Annotation by Digital Watermarkingp. 116
3.4.2 Semantic Interoperability by Ontology Annotationp. 117
3.4.3 Resource Linking and Meta-Annotationp. 122
Referencesp. 128
4 Semantic Annotation and Transcoding: Towards Semantically Sharable Digital Contentp. 131
4.1 Semantics and Groundingp. 133
4.1.1 Ontologyp. 133
4.1.2 Information Groundingp. 135
4.2 Content Analysis Techniquesp. 138
4.2.1 Natural Language Analysisp. 138
4.2.2 Speech Analysisp. 149
4.2.3 Video Analysisp. 152
4.3 Semantic Annotationp. 155
4.3.1 Annotation Environmentp. 157
4.3.2 Annotation Editorp. 158
4.3.3 Annotation Serverp. 158
4.3.4 Linguistic Annotationp. 160
4.3.5 Commentary Annotationp. 164
4.3.6 Multimedia Annotationp. 167
4.3.7 Multimedia Annotation Editorp. 168
4.4 Semantic Transcodingp. 175
4.4.1 Transcoding Proxyp. 176
4.5 Text Transcodingp. 178
4.5.1 Text Summarizationp. 178
4.5.2 Language Translationp. 181
4.5.3 Dictionary-Based Text Paraphrasingp. 181
4.6 Image Transcodingp. 188
4.7 Voice Transcodingp. 189
4.8 Multimedia Transcodingp. 189
4.8.1 Multimodal Documentp. 191
4.8.2 Video Summarizationp. 191
4.8.3 Video Translationp. 193
4.8.4 Multimedia Content Adaptation for Mobile Devicesp. 193
4.9 More Advanced Applicationsp. 194
4.9.1 Scalable Platform of Semantic Annotationsp. 194
4.9.2 Knowledge Discoveryp. 196
4.9.3 Multimedia Restorationp. 198
4.10 Concluding Remarksp. 203
Referencesp. 204
5 Future Directions of Digital Content Technologyp. 209
5.1 Content Management and Distribution for Media Businessesp. 210
5.1.1 Rights Managementp. 211
5.1.2 Portal Services on Transcoding Proxiesp. 213
5.1.3 Secure Distribution Infrastructurep. 214
5.2 Intelligent Content with Agent Technologyp. 214
5.2.1 Agent Augmented Realityp. 215
5.2.2 Community Support Systemp. 217
5.3 Situated Content with Ubiquitous Computingp. 218
5.3.1 Situation Awarenessp. 219
5.3.2 Augmented Memoryp. 220
5.3.3 Situated Content in Actionp. 220
5.4 Towards Social Information Infrastructuresp. 222
5.4.1 Content Management and Preservationp. 225
5.4.2 Security Mechanismsp. 225
5.4.3 Human Interfacesp. 226
5.4.4 Scalable Systemsp. 227
5.5 Final Remarksp. 228
Referencesp. 228
About the Authorp. 231
Indexp. 233