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Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
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Summary
Summary
Digital content is everywhere and has revolutionized the way broadcasters and Web sites deliver images, sound, video, and multimedia to their audiences. Today, Web site managers and broadcasters are striving to identify and target distinct segments in these audiences. This volume provides the in-depth technical details of transcoding and annotation that broadcast and Web engineers need to know to create accessible and reusable digital content capable of being tailored and personalized for a particular audience. It also covers metadata tagging, natural language processing, voice and video analysis, and multimedia summary and translation, which are the underpinning technologies of digital content transcoding and annotation.
Author Notes
Katashi Nagao received a doctorate degree in computer science from the Tokyo Institute of Technology.
Nagao is a professor at Nagoya University in Nagoya, Japan. A board member of the Association for Natural Language Processing, he is a leading researcher in advanced digital content and multimedia technologies as well as natural language processing, and served as an editor for the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence and the Information Processing Society of Japan.
050
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
1 Introduction: Survival in Information Deluge | p. 1 |
1.1 Digital Content Technology | p. 2 |
1.2 Problems of On-Line Content | p. 3 |
1.3 Extension of Digital Content | p. 4 |
1.4 Organization of This Book | p. 9 |
1.4.1 Chapter 2--Transcoding: A Technique to Transform Digital Content | p. 9 |
1.4.2 Chapter 3--Annotation: A Technique to Extend Digital Content | p. 9 |
1.4.3 Chapter 4--Semantic Annotation and Transcoding: Towards Semantically Sharable Digital Content | p. 9 |
1.4.4 Chapter 5--Future Directions of Digital Content Technology | p. 10 |
References | p. 10 |
2 Transcoding: A Technique to Transform Digital Content | p. 11 |
2.1 Representation of Digital Content | p. 13 |
2.1.1 HTML | p. 13 |
2.1.2 XHTML | p. 15 |
2.1.3 WML | p. 19 |
2.1.4 VoiceXML | p. 21 |
2.1.5 SMIL | p. 23 |
2.2 Content Adaptation | p. 24 |
2.2.1 XSLTs | p. 25 |
2.3 Transcoding by Proxy Servers | p. 28 |
2.3.1 HTML Simplification | p. 28 |
2.3.2 XSLT Style Sheet Selection and Application | p. 31 |
2.3.3 Transformation of HTML into WML | p. 32 |
2.3.4 Image Transcoding | p. 34 |
2.4 Content Personalization | p. 35 |
2.4.1 Transcoding for Accessibility | p. 35 |
2.5 Framework for Transcoding | p. 43 |
2.5.1 Transcoding Framework in Action | p. 46 |
2.5.2 Limitations of the Transcoding Framework | p. 49 |
2.5.3 An Implementation of Transcoding Proxies | p. 50 |
2.5.4 Technical Issues of Transcoding | p. 54 |
2.5.5 Deployment Models of Transcoding | p. 55 |
2.6 More Advanced Transcoding | p. 58 |
References | p. 59 |
3 Annotation: A Technique to Extend Digital Content | p. 61 |
3.1 Frameworks of Metadata | p. 62 |
3.1.1 Dublin Core | p. 62 |
3.1.2 Warwick Framework | p. 65 |
3.1.3 Resource Description Framework | p. 67 |
3.1.4 MPEG-7 | p. 75 |
3.2 Creation of Annotations | p. 81 |
3.2.1 Annotea | p. 82 |
3.2.2 Web Site-Wide Annotation for Accessibility | p. 92 |
3.3 Applications of Annotation | p. 101 |
3.3.1 Multimedia Content Transcoding and Distribution | p. 101 |
3.3.2 Content Access Control | p. 105 |
3.4 More on Annotation | p. 116 |
3.4.1 Annotation by Digital Watermarking | p. 116 |
3.4.2 Semantic Interoperability by Ontology Annotation | p. 117 |
3.4.3 Resource Linking and Meta-Annotation | p. 122 |
References | p. 128 |
4 Semantic Annotation and Transcoding: Towards Semantically Sharable Digital Content | p. 131 |
4.1 Semantics and Grounding | p. 133 |
4.1.1 Ontology | p. 133 |
4.1.2 Information Grounding | p. 135 |
4.2 Content Analysis Techniques | p. 138 |
4.2.1 Natural Language Analysis | p. 138 |
4.2.2 Speech Analysis | p. 149 |
4.2.3 Video Analysis | p. 152 |
4.3 Semantic Annotation | p. 155 |
4.3.1 Annotation Environment | p. 157 |
4.3.2 Annotation Editor | p. 158 |
4.3.3 Annotation Server | p. 158 |
4.3.4 Linguistic Annotation | p. 160 |
4.3.5 Commentary Annotation | p. 164 |
4.3.6 Multimedia Annotation | p. 167 |
4.3.7 Multimedia Annotation Editor | p. 168 |
4.4 Semantic Transcoding | p. 175 |
4.4.1 Transcoding Proxy | p. 176 |
4.5 Text Transcoding | p. 178 |
4.5.1 Text Summarization | p. 178 |
4.5.2 Language Translation | p. 181 |
4.5.3 Dictionary-Based Text Paraphrasing | p. 181 |
4.6 Image Transcoding | p. 188 |
4.7 Voice Transcoding | p. 189 |
4.8 Multimedia Transcoding | p. 189 |
4.8.1 Multimodal Document | p. 191 |
4.8.2 Video Summarization | p. 191 |
4.8.3 Video Translation | p. 193 |
4.8.4 Multimedia Content Adaptation for Mobile Devices | p. 193 |
4.9 More Advanced Applications | p. 194 |
4.9.1 Scalable Platform of Semantic Annotations | p. 194 |
4.9.2 Knowledge Discovery | p. 196 |
4.9.3 Multimedia Restoration | p. 198 |
4.10 Concluding Remarks | p. 203 |
References | p. 204 |
5 Future Directions of Digital Content Technology | p. 209 |
5.1 Content Management and Distribution for Media Businesses | p. 210 |
5.1.1 Rights Management | p. 211 |
5.1.2 Portal Services on Transcoding Proxies | p. 213 |
5.1.3 Secure Distribution Infrastructure | p. 214 |
5.2 Intelligent Content with Agent Technology | p. 214 |
5.2.1 Agent Augmented Reality | p. 215 |
5.2.2 Community Support System | p. 217 |
5.3 Situated Content with Ubiquitous Computing | p. 218 |
5.3.1 Situation Awareness | p. 219 |
5.3.2 Augmented Memory | p. 220 |
5.3.3 Situated Content in Action | p. 220 |
5.4 Towards Social Information Infrastructures | p. 222 |
5.4.1 Content Management and Preservation | p. 225 |
5.4.2 Security Mechanisms | p. 225 |
5.4.3 Human Interfaces | p. 226 |
5.4.4 Scalable Systems | p. 227 |
5.5 Final Remarks | p. 228 |
References | p. 228 |
About the Author | p. 231 |
Index | p. 233 |