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Summary
Summary
Our energy-hungry world increasingly relies on new methods to store and convert energy for portable electronics, as well as environmentally friendly modes of transportation and electrical energy generation. The development of high-performance power sources are intimately linked to the availability of advanced materials. Designing batteries and capacitors with higher specific energy and power, longer cycle life and rapid charge/discharge rates requires a deeper understanding of the relationship between materials properties and performance. Fuel cells, which offer the potential for clean, efficient conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy, are hampered by high cost and performance problems which can be resolved by new materials and processing techniques. Advanced batteries such as lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride offer the potential for improved performance if low-cost materials can be developed. This book shares research and highlights the importance of materials in energy conversion technologies. Topics include: rechargeable batteries; lithium-ion rechargeable batteries - modelling; fuel cells; lithium-ion rechargeable batteries - cathode materials; battery electrolytes, interfaces and passive films; lithium-ion rechargeable batteries - anode materials and supercapacitors.
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xv |
Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings | p. xviii |
Part I General Section: Rechargeable Batteries | |
Advances in Battery Technologies and Markets - Materials Science Aspects | p. 3 |
Polyacene (PAS) Batteries | p. 15 |
Mechanisms Causing Capacity Loss on Long-Term Storage in NiMH System | p. 25 |
Benefits of Rapid Solidification Processing of Modified LaNi[subscript 5] Alloys by High-Pressure Gas Atomization for Battery Applications | p. 37 |
Influence of Carbon Structure and Physical Properties on the Corrosion Behavior in Carbon-Based Air Electrodes for Zinc Air Batteries | p. 43 |
Variation of Stresses Ahead of the Internal Cracks in ReNi[subscript 5] Powders During Hydrogen Charging and Discharging Cycles | p. 51 |
The Corrosion Phenomena in the Coin Cell BR2325 of the "Superstoichiometric Fluorocarbon-Lithium" System | p. 57 |
Part II Lithium Ion Rechargeable Batteries - Modeling | |
Application of Ab Initio Methods to Secondary Lithium Batteries | p. 65 |
First-Principles Theory of Cation and Intercalation Ordering in Li[subscript x]CoO[subscript 2] | p. 77 |
Reactions of Lithium With Small Graphene Fragments: Semiempirical Quantum-Chemical Calculations | p. 89 |
Computational, Electrochemical, and [superscript 7]Li NMR Studies of Lithiated Disordered Carbons Electrodes in Lithium lon Cells | p. 95 |
Simulation Studies of Polymer Electrolytes for Battery Applications | p. 101 |
Molecular-Dynamics Study of Lithium Diffusion in Lithium-Manganese Spinel Cathode Materials | p. 109 |
Structure and Electrochemical Potential Simulation for the Cathode Material Li[subscript 1+x]V[subscript 3]O[subscript 8] | p. 115 |
Ab Initio Calculation of the Li[subscript x]CoO[subscript 2] Phase Diagram | p. 121 |
Part III Fuel Cells | |
Mixed lonic-Electronic Conduction in Ni-Doped Lanthanum Gallate Perovskites | p. 129 |
Carbon and Fluorinated Carbon Materials for Fuel Cells | p. 139 |
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Properties of Ceria Solid Electrolytes | p. 149 |
Thin-Film Synthesis of Novel Electrode Materials for Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells | p. 155 |
Analysis of Mixtures of Gamma Lithium Aluminate, Lithium Aluminum Carbonate Hydroxide Hydrate, and Lithium Carbonate | p. 159 |
Phase Stability of the Mixed-Conducting Sr-Fe-Co-O System | p. 167 |
Crystal Structures of Mixed-Conducting Oxides Present in the Sr-Fe-Co-O System | p. 173 |
Application of Eutectic Ceramic Mixtures for the Functional Components of High-Temperature SOFCs | p. 179 |
A Composite Electrolyte for an SOFC Consisting of a Ceria Sheet and a Zirconia Film Deposited by the Sol-Gel Method | p. 185 |
Molecular-Dynamic Simulation and Electrical Properties of Ba[subscript 2]In[subscript 2]O[subscript 5] | p. 193 |
Dynamics of the Perovskite-Based High-Temperature Proton-Conducting Oxides: Theory and Experiment | p. 199 |
New Interconnections for Planar Alloy-Separator SOFC Stacks | p. 205 |
Development of Electrolyte Plate for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell | p. 211 |
Novel Proton Exchange Membrane for High-Temperature Fuel Cells | p. 217 |
Pulsed Field Gradient NMR Investigation of Molecular Mobility of Trimethoxymethane in NAFION Membranes | p. 223 |
Accelerated Corrosion of Stainless Steels in the Presence of Molten Carbonate Below 923 K | p. 231 |
Preparation of Pt/WO[subscript 3] Powders and Thin Coatings on Carbon Black and Metal Supports by the Complex Sol-Gel Process (CSGP) | p. 237 |
Carbon Composite for a PEM Fuel Cell Bipolar Plate | p. 243 |
Determination of Oxygen Permeation Kinetics in a Ceramic Membrane With the Composition SrFeCo[subscript 0.5]O[subscript 3.25-[delta]] | p. 249 |
Part IV Lithium Ion Rechargeable Batteries - Cathode Materials | |
Novel Synthesis Process and Characterization of Li-Mn-O Spinels for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries | p. 257 |
Novel Cathode Materials Based on Organic Couples for Lithium Batteries | p. 263 |
In Situ X-ray Characterization of LiMn[subscript 2]O[subscript 4]: A Comparison of Structural and Electrochemical Behavior | p. 275 |
Phase Transition of LiMn[subscript 2]O[subscript 4] Spinel and Its Application for Lithium Ion Secondary Battery | p. 287 |
LiCoO[subscript 2] Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition on Low-Cost Substrates | p. 293 |
Synthesis and Characterization of LiNiO[subscript 2] as a Cathode Material for Pulse Power Batteries | p. 303 |
A New Polymer Cathode-Conducting Polymer Interconnected With Sulfur-Sulfur Bonds: Poly(2, 2'-Dithiodianiline) | p. 309 |
LiMn[subscript 2-x]Cu[subscript x]O[subscript 4] Spinels - 5 V Cathode Materials | p. 315 |
Application of Potentially Biodegradable Polyamide and Polyester Containing Disulfide Bonds to Positive Active Materials for Lithium Secondary Batteries | p. 323 |
Raman Scattering in LiCoO[subscript 2] Single Crystals and Thin Films | p. 329 |
NR Measurements to Study the Reversible Transfer of Lithium Ion in Lithium Titanium Oxide | p. 335 |
Effects of Microstructure on Oxygen Permeation in Some Perovskite Oxides | p. 341 |
Synthesis and Preliminary Electrochemical Characterization of LiNi[subscript 0.5]Co[subscript 0.5]O[subscript 2] Powders Obtained by the Complex Sol-Gel Process (CSGP) | p. 347 |
Silver-Doped Vanadium Oxides as Host Materials for Lithium Intercalation | p. 353 |
Preparation and Battery Applications of Micron-Sized Li[subscript 4]Ti[subscript 5]O[subscript 12] | p. 359 |
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of Novel Zinc Vanadium Oxides as Cathode Materials | p. 367 |
Structural Phase Transformations in V[subscript 2]O[subscript 5] Thin-Film Cathode Material for Li Rechargeable Batteries | p. 373 |
High Performance Vanadium Oxide Thin-Film Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries | p. 379 |
Electrochemical Li Insertion in Lamellar (Birnessite) and Tunnel Manganese Oxides (Todorokite) | p. 385 |
Lithium Insertion Behavior of Li[subscript 1+x]V[subscript 3]O[subscript 8] Prepared by Sol-Gel Method in Methanol | p. 391 |
Demonstration of Mixed Metal Oxide Cathode Materials in Prismatic Li Ion Cells | p. 397 |
Effects of Aluminum Doping on the Phase Stability and Electrochemical Properties of LiCoO[subscript 2] and LiMnO[subscript 2] | p. 403 |
High-Density Active-Site MnO[subscript 2] Nanofibers for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications | p. 409 |
Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies of the Local Environment in 4-Volt Cathode Materials | p. 415 |
Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Oxide Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries | p. 421 |
X-ray Absorption and NMR Studies of LiNiCoO[subscript 2] Cathodes Prepared by a Particulate Sol-Gel Process | p. 427 |
On the Electroanalytical Characterization of Li[subscript x]CoO[subscript 2], Li[subscript x]NiO[subscript 2], and LiMn[subscript 2]O[subscript 4] (Spinel) Electrodes in Repeated Lithium Intercalation-Deintercalation Processes | p. 435 |
Part V Battery Electrolytes, Interfaces, and Passive Films | |
Thermal Stability of Lithium lon Battery Electrode Materials in Organic Electrolytes | p. 445 |
Effect of HF in LiPF[subscript 6]-Based Electrolytes on the Properties of Surface Passivation Films Formed on Graphite Electrodes in Li Secondary Batteries | p. 457 |
Influence of Water and Other Contaminants in Electrolyte Solutions on Lithium Electrodeposition | p. 463 |
Passive-Film Formation on Methal Substrates in 1M LiPF[subscript 6]/EC-DMC Solutions | p. 469 |
Application to Lithium Batteries of Ternary Solvent Electrolytes With Ethylene Carbonate - 1,2-Dimethoxyethane Mixture | p. 477 |
Pyrrole Copolymers With Enhanced lon Diffusion Rates for Lithium Batteries | p. 485 |
Lithium lon Diffusion Through Glassy Carbon Plate | p. 493 |
Polymer-Oxide Anode Materials | p. 499 |
Ionically Conducting Glasses With Subambient Glass Transition Temperatures | p. 505 |
Dry Composite Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries | p. 511 |
Part VI Lithium Ion Rechargeable Battery - Anode Materials | |
Comparison of Carbon and Metal Oxide Anode Materials for Rechargeable Li Ion Cells | p. 519 |
Magnetic and Transport Properties of Heat-Treated Polyparaphenylene-Based Carbons | p. 533 |
Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Evaluation of Lithium Intercalation in Tailored Polymethacrylonitrile Carbons | p. 539 |
New [superscript 7]Li-NMR Evidence for Lithium Insertion in Disordered Carbon | p. 545 |
Voltage Hysteresis and Heat Generation Behavior in Lithium lon Batteries | p. 551 |
A Novel Method for Obtaining a High Performance Carbon Anode for Li Ion Secondary Batteries | p. 557 |
Local Structure of Ball-Milled Carbons for Lithium Ion Batteries: A Pair Distribution Function Analysis | p. 563 |
Characteristics of Boron-Doped Mesophase Pitch-Based Carbon Fibers as Anode Materials for Lithium Secondary Cells | p. 569 |
Commercial Cokes and Graphites as Anode Materials for Lithium lon Cells | p. 575 |
Electrochemical Properties of Nitrogen-Substituted Carbon and Organofluorine Compounds | p. 581 |
Recent Studies of Interfacial Phenomena Which Determine the Electrochemical Behavior of Lithium and Lithiated Carbon Anodes With the Emphasis on In Situ Techniques | p. 587 |
Low Potential Li Insertion in Transition-Metal Oxides | p. 601 |
Effects of Processing Conditions on the Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Aerogel Composites | p. 607 |
Improved Carbon Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Cells | p. 613 |
The Effects of Near Surface and Bulk Microstructure on Lithium Intercalation of Disordered, "Hard" Carbons | p. 619 |
Part VII Supercapacitors | |
Electric Double-Layer Capacitor Using Organic Electrolyte | p. 627 |
Strontium Ruthenate Perovskites With High Specific Capacitance for Use in Electrochemical Capacitors | p. 637 |
High-Surface-Area Metal Carbide and Metal Nitride Electrodes | p. 643 |
Modification of a Carbon Electrode Surface by Cold Plasma Treatment for Electric Double-Layer Capacitors | p. 655 |
Experimental Electrochemical Capacitor Test Results | p. 661 |
Growth and Electrochemical Characterization of Single-Phase Mo[subscript x]N Films for the Fabrication of Hybrid Double-Layer Capacitors | p. 669 |
Author Index | p. 675 |
Subject Index | p. 679 |