Pulsewidth modulated DC-to-DC power conversion : circuits, dynamics, and control designs

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Title:

Personal Author:

Choi, Byungcho

Physical Description:

xix, 639 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

ISBN:

9781118180631

General Note:

"Published simultaneously in Canada"--Title page verso.

Subject Term:

DC-to-DC converters

Pulse-duration modulation

PWM power converters

Modulators (Electronics)

Power electronics

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010334948	TK7872.C8 C463 2013	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Summary

This is the definitive reference for anyone involved in pulsewidth modulated DC-to-DC power conversion

Pulsewidth Modulated DC-to-DC Power Conversion: Circuits, Dynamics, and Control Designs provides engineers, researchers, and students in the power electronics field with comprehensive and complete guidance to understanding pulsewidth modulated (PWM) DC-to-DC power converters. Presented in three parts, the book addresses the circuitry and operation of PWM DC-to-DC converters and their dynamic characteristics, along with in-depth discussions of control design of PWM DC-to-DC converters. Topics include:

Basics of DC-to-DC power conversion DC-to-DC converter circuits Dynamic modeling Power stage dynamics Closed-loop performance Voltage mode control and feedback design Current mode control and compensation design Sampling effects of current mode control

Featuring fully tested problems and simulation examples as well as downloadable lecture slides and ready-to-run PSpice programs, Pulsewidth Modulated DC-to-DC Power Conversion is an ideal reference book for professional engineers as well as graduate and undergraduate students.

Author Notes

Byungcho Choi is a professor in the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. He received his PhD from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. Over the past twenty years, Dr. Choi has been teaching and doing research in the area of PWM DC-to-DC power conversion.

Preface	p. vii
Part I Circuits for Dc-To-Dc Power Conversion
1 PWM Dc-to-Dc Power Conversion	p. 3
1.1 PWM Dc-to-Dc Power Conversion	p. 4
1.1.1 Dc-to-Dc Power Conversion	p. 4
1.1.2 PWM Technique	p. 6
1.2 Dc-to-Dc Power Conversion System	p. 7
1.3 Features and Issues of PWM Dc-to-Dc Converter	p. 8
1.4 Chapter Highlights	p. 11
References	p. 12
2 Power Stage Components	p. 13
2.1 Semiconductor Switches	p. 13
2.1.1 MOSFETs	p. 14
2.1.2 Diodes	p. 15
2.1.3 MOSFET-Diode Pair as SPDT Switch	p. 16
2.2 Energy Storage and Transfer Devices	p. 17
2.2.1 Inductors	p. 18
2.2.2 Capacitors	p. 26
2.2.3 Transformers	p. 31
2.3 Switching Circuits in Practice	p. 39
2.3.1 Solenoid Drive Circuits	p. 39
2.3.2 Capacitor Charging Circuit	p. 45
2.4 Summary	p. 50
References	p. 51
Problems	p. 52
3 Buck Converter	p. 71
3.1 Ideal Step-Down Dc-to-Dc Power Conversion	p. 72
3.2 Buck Converter: Step-Down Dc-to-Dc Converter	p. 74
3.2.1 Evolution to Buck Converter	p. 74
3.2.2 Frequency-Domain Analysis	p. 75
3.3 Buck Converter in Start-Up Transient	p. 78
3.3.1 Piecewise Linear Analysis	p. 78
3.3.2 Start-up Response	p. 78
3.4 Buck Converter in Steady State	p. 80
3.4.1 Circuit Analysis Techniques	p. 80
3.4.2 Steady-State Analysis	p. 82
3.4.3 Estimation of Output Voltage Ripple	p. 84
3.5 Buck Converter in Discontinuous Conduction Mode	p. 89
3.5.1 Origin of Discontinuous Conduction Mode Operation	p. 90
3.5.2 Conditions for DCM Operation	p. 92
3.5.3 Steady-State Operation in DCM	p. 94
3.6 Closed-Loop Control of Buck Converter	p. 99
3.6.1 Closed-Loop Feedback Controller	p. 99
3.6.2 Responses of Closed-Loop Controlled Buck Converter	p. 103
3.7 Summary	p. 109
References	p. 110
Problems	p. 110
4 Dc-to-Dc Power Converter Circuits	p. 123
4.1 Boost Converter	p. 124
4.1.1 Evolution to Boost Converter	p. 124
4.1.2 Steady-State Analysis in CCM	p. 126
4.1.3 Steady-State Analysis in DCM	p. 130
4.1.4 Effects of Parasitic Resistance on Voltage Gain	p. 132
4.2 Buck/Boost Converter	p. 135
4.2.1 Evolution to Buck/Boost Converter	p. 137
4.2.2 Steady-State Analysis in CCM	p. 137
4.2.3 Steady-State Analysis in DCM	p. 141
4.3 Structure and Voltage Gain of Three Basic Converters	p. 143
4.4 Flyback Converter: Transformer-Isolated Buck/Boost Converter	p. 145
4.4.1 Evolution to Flyback Converter	p. 145
4.4.2 Steady-State Analysis in CCM	p. 147
4.4.3 Steady-State Analysis in DCM	p. 150
4.5 Bridge-Type Buck-Derived Isolated Dc-to-Dc Converters	p. 153
4.5.1 Switch Network and Multi-Winding Transformer	p. 154
4.5.2 Full-Bridge Converter	p. 157
4.5.3 Half-Bridge Converter	p. 163
4.5.4 Push-Pull Converter	p. 163
4.6 Forward Converters	p. 167
4.6.1 Basic Operational Principles	p. 167
4.6.2 Tertiary-Winding Reset Forward Converter	p. 172
4.6.3 Two-Switch Forward Converter	p. 177
4.7 Summary	p. 177
References	p. 180
Problems	p. 181
Part II Modeling, Dynamics, and Design of PWM Dc-To-Dc Converters
5 Modeling PWM Dc-to-Dc Converters	p. 199
5.1 Overview of PWM Converter Modeling	p. 200
5.2 Averaging Power Stage Dynamics	p. 202
5.2.1 State-Space Averaging	p. 204
5.2.2 Circuit Averaging	p. 210
5.2.3 Generalization of Circuit Averaging Technique	p. 219
5.2.4 Circuit Averaging and State-Space Averaging	p. 220
5.3 Linearizing Averaged Power Stage Dynamics	p. 221
5.3.1 Linearization of Nonlinear Function and Small-Signal Model	p. 221
5.3.2 Small-Signal Model for PWM Switch-PWM Switch Model	p. 223
5.3.3 Small-Signal Model of Converter Power Stage	p. 226
5.4 Frequency Response of Converter Power Stage	p. 227
5.4.1 Sinusoidal Response of Power Stage	p. 228
5.4.2 Frequency Response and s-Domain Small-Signal Model of Power Stage	p. 230
5.5 Small-Signal Gain of PWM Block	p. 232
5.6 Small-Signal Model for PWM Dc-to-Dc Converters	p. 234
5.6.1 Voltage Feedback Circuit	p. 234
5.6.2 Small-Signal Model for PWM Converters	p. 236
5.7 Summary	p. 238
References	p. 239
Problems	p. 239
6 Power Stage Transfer Functions	p. 245
6.1 Bode Plot for Transfer Functions	p. 245
6.1.1 Basic Definitions	p. 246
6.1.2 Bode Plots for Multiplication Factors	p. 248
6.1.3 Bode Plot Construction for Transfer Functions	p. 257
6.1.4 Identification of Transfer Function from Bode Plot	p. 262
6.2 Power Stage Transfer Functions of Buck Converter	p. 264
6.2.1 Input-to-Output Transfer Function	p. 265
6.2.2 Duty Ratio-to-Output Transfer Function	p. 268
6.2.3 Load Current-to-Output Transfer Function	p. 270
6.3 Power Stage Transfer Functions of Boost Converter	p. 271
6.3.1 Input-to-Output Transfer Function	p. 272
6.3.2 Duty Ratio-to-Output Transfer Function and RHP Zero	p. 273
6.3.3 Load Current-to-Output Transfer Function	p. 277
6.3.4 Physical Origin of RHP Zero	p. 278
6.4 Power Stage Transfer Functions of Buck/Boost Converter	p. 281
6.5 Empirical Methods for Small-Signal Analysis	p. 283
6.6 Summary	p. 286
References	p. 287
Problems	p. 289
7 Dynamic Performance of PWM Dc-to-Dc Converters	p. 297
7.1 Stability	p. 298
7.2 Frequency-Domain Performance Criteria	p. 301
7.2.1 Loop Gain	p. 301
7.2.2 Audio-Susceptibility	p. 302
7.2.3 Output Impedance	p. 303
7.3 Time-Domain Performance Criteria	p. 304
7.3.1 Step Load Response	p. 305
7.3.2 Step Input Response	p. 306
7.4 Stability of Dc-to-Dc Converters	p. 307
7.4.1 Stability of Linear Time-Invariant Systems	p. 307
7.4.2 Small-Signal Stability of Dc-to-Dc Converters	p. 307
7.5 Nyquist Criterion	p. 308
7.6 Relative Stability: Gain Margin and Phase Margin	p. 315
7.7 Summary	p. 322
References	p. 323
Problems	p. 324
8 Closed-Loop Performance and Feedback Compensation	p. 331
8.1 Asymptotic Analysis Method	p. 332
8.1.1 Concept of Asymptotic Analysis Method	p. 332
8.1.2 Examples of Asymptotic Analysis Method	p. 334
8.2 Frequency-Domain Performance	p. 339
8.2.1 Audio-Susceptibility	p. 340
8.2.2 Output Impedance	p. 343
8.3 Voltage Feedback Compensation and Loop Gain	p. 344
8.3.1 Problems of Single Integrator	p. 345
8.3.2 Voltage Feedback Compensation	p. 347
8.4 Compensation Design and Closed-Loop Performance	p. 349
8.4.1 Voltage Feedback Compensation and Loop Gain	p. 349
8.4.2 Feedback Compensation Design Guidelines	p. 352
8.4.3 Voltage Feedback Compensation and Closed-Loop Performance	p. 353
8.4.4 Phase Margin and Closed-Loop Performance	p. 367
8.4.5 Compensation Zeros and Speed of Transient Responses	p. 372
8.4.6 Step Load Response	p. 374
8.4.7 Non-Minimum Phase System Case: Boost and Buck/Boost Converters	p. 379
8.5 Summary	p. 383
References	p. 385
Problems	p. 385
9 Practical Considerations in Modeling, Analysis, and Design of PWM Converters	p. 407
9.1 Generalization of PWM Converter Model	p. 408
9.1.1 Converter Modeling with Parasitic Resistances	p. 408
9.1.2 Modeling and Analysis of PWM Converters in DCM Operation	p. 415
9.1.3 Modeling of Isolated PWM Converters	p. 425
9.2 Design and Analysis of Dc-to-Dc Converters with Practical Source System	p. 431
9.2.1 Audio-Susceptibility Analysis	p. 432
9.2.2 Stability Analysis	p. 434
9.2.3 Input Impedance of Regulated Dc-to-Dc Converter	p. 441
9.2.4 Origin of Source-Impedance Induced Instability	p. 446
9.2.5 Control Design with Source Impedance	p. 447
9.2.6 Impacts of Source Impedance on Loop Gain and Output Impedance	p. 448
9.3 Consideration for Non-Resistive Load	p. 449
9.4 Summary	p. 452
References	p. 453
Problems	p. 454
Part III Current Mode Control
10 Current Mode Control - Functional Basics and Classical Analysis	p. 465
10.1 Current Mode Control Basics	p. 466
10.1.1 Evolution to Peak Current Mode Control	p. 466
10.1.2 Benefits and Issues of Peak Current Mode Control	p. 475
10.1.3 Average Current Mode Control and Charge Control	p. 476
10.2 Classical Analysis and Control Design Procedures	p. 479
10.2.1 Small-Signal Model for Peak Current Mode Control	p. 480
10.2.2 Loop Gain Analysis	p. 486
10.2.3 Stability Analysis	p. 489
10.2.4 Voltage Feedback Compensation	p. 492
10.2.5 Control Design Procedures	p. 497
10.2.6 Analysis of Converter Dynamics in DCM	p. 507
10.3 Closed-Loop Performance of Peak Current Mode Control	p. 509
10.3.1 Audio-Susceptibility Analysis	p. 511
10.3.2 Output Impedance Analysis	p. 516
10.3.3 Step Load Response Analysis	p. 520
10.4 Current Mode Control for Boost and Buck/Boost Converters	p. 532
10.4.1 Stability Analysis and Control Design	p. 532
10.4.2 Loop Gain Analysis	p. 543
10.5 Summary	p. 548
References	p. 550
Problems	p. 550
11 Current Mode Control - Sampling Effects and New Control Design Procedures	p. 559
11.1 Sampling Effects of Current Mode Control	p. 560
11.1.1 Origin and Consequence of Sampling Effects	p. 561
11.1.2 Modeling Methodology for Sampling Effects	p. 564
11.1.3 Feedforward Gains	p. 564
11.1.4 Complete s-Domain Model for Current Mode Control	p. 565
11.1.5 Two Prevalent s-Domain Models for Current Mode Control	p. 565
11.2 Expressions for s-Domain Model for Current Mode Control	p. 568
11.2.1 Modified Small-Signal Model	p. 568
11.2.2 Modulator Gain F* m	p. 570
11.2.3 H e (s): s-Domain Representation of Sampling Effects	p. 571
11.2.4 Feedforward Gains	p. 580
11.3 New Control Design Procedures for Current Mode Control 5	p. 84
11.3.1 New Power Stage Model	p. 584
11.3.2 Control-to-Output Transfer Function with Current Loop Closed	p. 586
11.3.3 Control Design Procedures	p. 592
11.3.4 Correlation between New and Classical Design Procedures	p. 606
11.4 Off-Line Flyback Converter with Optocoupler-Isolated Current Mode Control	p. 612
11.4.1 Off-Line Power Supplies	p. 612
11.4.2 Current Mode Control for Flyback Converter with Optocoupler-Isolated Feedback	p. 613
11.5 Summary	p. 628
References	p. 629
Problems	p. 629
Index	p. 633

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