Designing green networks and network operations : reducing enterprises' and carriers' carbon footprint and saving run-the-engine costs with green networks and data systems

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Cover image for Designing green networks and network operations : reducing enterprises' and carriers' carbon footprint and saving run-the-engine costs with green networks and data systems

Title:

Personal Author:

Minoli, Daniel, 1952-

Publication Information:

Boca Raton, FL. : CRC Press, c2011.

Physical Description:

xii, 441 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.

ISBN:

9781439816387

General Note:

"An Auerbach Book"--T.p.

Subject Term:

Computer networks -- Equipment and supplies

Computer networks -- Energy conservation

Electronic data processing departments

Sustainable engineering

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010297347	TK5105.53 M56 2011	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

In recent years, socio-political trends toward environmental responsibility and the pressing need to reduce Run-the-Engine (RTE) costs have resulted in the concept of Green IT. Although a significant amount of energy is used to operate routing, switching, and transmission equipment, comparatively less attention has been paid to Green Networking. A clear and concise introduction to green networks and green network operations, Designing Green Networks and Network Operations: Saving Run-the-Engine Costs guides you through the techniques available to achieve efficiency goals for corporate and carrier networks, including deploying more efficient hardware, blade form-factor routers and switches, and pursuing consolidation, virtualization, and network and cloud computing.

The book:

Delineates techniques to minimize network power, cooling, floor space, and online storage while optimizing service performance, capacity, and availability Discusses virtualization, network computing, and Web services as approaches for green data centers and networks Emphasizes best practices and compliance with international standards for green operations Extends the green data center techniques to the networking environment Incorporates green principles in the intranet, extranet, and the entire IT infrastructures Reviews networking, power management, HVAC and CRAC basics Presents methodical steps toward a seamless migration to Green IT and Green Networking

Author Notes

Daniel Minoli has been a network consultant to Teleport, DVI Communications, and Bellcore. recently played a key role in the foundation of two networking companies: Global Nautical Networks, a provider of mobile Internet and data services to marinas, and InfoPort Communications Group, an optical and Gigabit Ethernet metropolitan carrier. He has also taught at New York University, Stevens Institute of Technology, Carnegie-Mellon University, and Monmounth University. An author of best-selling books on telecommunications and data communications, he has written columns for ComputerWorld, NetworkWorld, and Network Computing. He is the author of Telecommunications Handbook, Second Edition, also published by Artech House.

050

Preface	p. ix
About the Author	p. xi
1 Introduction and Overview	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 Overview	p. 13
1.3 Text Scope	p. 33
Appendix 1A Green IT Bibliography	p. 39
Appendix 1B Partial List of Resources	p. 40
Appendix 1C Examples of How Networking Has Already Had a Major Greening Impact	p. 48
Appendix 1D Taxonomy of General Greening Initiatives	p. 49
References	p. 52
2 A Networking Primer	p. 57
2.1 Networking Functions	p. 58
2.1.1 Information Transfer and Regeneration Function	p. 61
2.1.2 Multiplexing Function	p. 66
2.1.3 Grooming Function	p. 69
2.1.4 Switching Function	p. 73
2.1.5 Routing Function	p. 75
2.2 Networking Equipment	p. 84
2.2.1 Regeneration Equipment	p. 85
2.2.2 Grooming Equipment	p. 85
2.2.3 Multiplexing Equipment	p. 85
2.2.4 Switching Equipment	p. 86
2.2.5 Routing Equipment	p. 92
2.3 Conclusion	p. 97
References	p. 98
3 Concepts and Analytical Measures for Green Operations	p. 101
3.1 Electric Energy and Applicable Metrics	p. 103
3.2 Air Conditioning	p. 110
3.3 IT Assets	p. 115
3.4 Discrete Metrics	p. 116
3.5 Aggregate Metrics	p. 119
3.5.1 Power Usage Efficiency (PUE)	p. 119
3.5.2 Energy Consumption Rating (ECR)	p. 125
3.5.3 Telecommunications Energy Efficiency Ratio (TEER)	p. 135
3.5.4 Telecommunications Equipment Energy Efficiency Rating (TEEER)	p. 135
External Power Adapters	p. 141
Set-Top Boxes	p. 141
Example: High-Definition, Cable Set-Top Box with DVR	p. 142
3.5.5 Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC)	p. 144
3.5.6 Standardization Effotts	p. 145
3.6 Metrics on Carbon Footprints	p. 146
3.7 Other Metrics	p. 148
Appendix 3A Common Information Systems Assets	p. 148
Appendix 3B Conversion of Units	p. 155
Appendix 3C Example Carbon Footprint Calculations	p. 156
Electricity Use (kilowatt-hours)	p. 156
Coal-Fired Power Plant for A Year	p. 156
Gallons of Gasoline Consumed	p. 157
Passenger Vehicles per Year	p. 157
Therms of Natural Gas	p. 157
Barrels of Oil Consumed	p. 158
Home Electricity Use	p. 158
Home Energy Use	p. 158
Propane Cylinders Used for Home Barbeques	p. 159
One Google Search	p. 159
References	p. 159
4 Power Management Basics	p. 161
4.1 Current Types	p. 162
4.2 Power Measurements	p. 163
4.2.1 Single-Phase Loads: Smaller AC Operations/Nodes	p. 167
4.2.2 Balanced Three-Phase Loads	p. 168
4.2.3 Expressing Loads in Kilowatts (kW)	p. 169
4.2.4 Example	p. 170
4.3 Backup Power Systems	p. 170
Appendix 4A Three-Phase Power	p. 177
Three-Phase Y Configurations	p. 179
Three-Phase ¿ Configurations	p. 180
References	p. 182
5 HVAC and CRAC Basics	p. 185
5.1 General Overview of an Air-Conditioning System	p. 185
5.1.1 DX Unitary Systems: HVAC Systems	p. 192
5.1.2 Chilled-Water Applied Systems: HVAC Systems	p. 193
5.1.3 Psychrometry	p. 200
5.1.4 Chiller Issues	p. 202
5.2 General Overview of a Computer Room Air-Conditioning System	p. 204
References	p. 209
6 Regulatory and Best Practices Background	p. 211
6.1 Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS)	p. 211
6.2 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)	p. 214
6.3 Energy Consumption Rating Initiative (ECR)	p. 218
6.4 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)	p. 221
6.4.1 Overview	p. 221
6.4.2 Initiatives	p. 222
6.4.2.1 Energy Conservation	p. 222
6.4.2.2 Green Buildings	p. 224
6.4.2.3 Green House Gases	p. 225
6.4.2.4 Green Information Technology	p. 225
6.5 European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC)	p. 229
6.6 European Telecommunications Network Operators' Association (ETNO)	p. 231
6.7 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)	p. 234
6.8 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)	p. 236
6.9 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)	p. 237
6.10 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)	p. 241
6.11 The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan and Other Initiatives	p. 243
6.12 Network Equipment Building System (NEBS)	p. 245
6.13 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)	p. 247
6.14 Others (Short List)	p. 250
References	p. 254
7 Approaches for Green Networks and Data Centers: Environmentals	p. 257
7.1 Data Center Strategies	p. 260
7.1.1 Data Center Cooling Strategies	p. 262
7.1.1.1 Data Center Best Practices	p. 263
7.1.2 Improved Power Distribution	p. 267
7.1.3 Overall Best Practices	p. 272
7.1.4 Case Study Examples	p. 278
7.1.4.1 Case Study 1: Lucasfilm	p. 278
7.1.4.2 Case Study 2: Sybase	p. 279
7.1.4.3 Case Study 3: Verizon	p. 281
7.1.5 Blade Technology Issues	p. 283
7.1.6 Other IT Greening Techniques	p. 285
7.1.6.1 Data Center Power Management Systems	p. 285
7.1.6.2 Collocated Facilities for Data Centers	p. 286
7.1.6.3 Outside Air Cooling	p. 286
7.1.6.4 Geometric Symmetry/Asymmetry	p. 286
7.1.6.5 Cold Computing	p. 287
7.2 Network Strategies	p. 287
7.2.1 Retire and Replace Obsolescent Equipment	p. 288
7.2.2 Wireless Networks	p. 289
7.2.3 Redundancy	p. 289
7.2.4 Access Networks	p. 290
7.2.5 Satellite Operators	p. 294
7.2.6 Short List of Other Possible Initiatives	p. 296
7.3 Enterprise Equipment	p. 302
7.4 Home Networking and Communications Equipment	p. 303
References	p. 306
8 Approaches for Green Networks and Data Centers: Visualization, Web Services, Cloud/Network Computing, Hosting, and Packetization	p. 309
8.1 Press-Time Snapshot of Cloud/Grid/Network Computing	p. 312
8.2 Cloud/Grid/Network Computing Technology	p. 328
8.3 Potential Applications and Financial Benefits of Cloud/Grid Computing	p. 346
8.4 Cloud/Grid Types, Topologies, and Components	p. 348
8.5 Comparison with Other Approaches	p. 353
8.6 Enterprise-Level Virtualization	p. 355
8.7 Service-Oriented Network (SON) Concepts	p. 361
8.8 Conclusion	p. 367
References	p. 367
Glossary	p. 371
References	p. 413
Index	p. 415

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Summary

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Author Notes

Table of Contents