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Summary
Summary
Here are all the CCNA-level commands in one compact, portable resource. The features are: access all CCNA commands - use as a quick, offline resource for research and solutions; logical how-to topic groupings provide one-stop research; great for review before CCNA certification exams; compact size makes it easy to carry with you, wherever you go; and Create your own journal section with blank, lined pages allows you to personalize the book for your needs. Preparing for the CCNA(R) exam? Working as a network administrator? Here are all the CCNA-level commands you need in one condensed, portable resource. The CCNA Portable Command Guide is filled with valuable, easy-to-access information, and portable enough for use whether you're in the server room or the equipment closet. This book will help you memorize commands and concepts as you work to pass the CCNA exam (INTRO 640-821, ICND 640-811, or CCNA 640-801). The guide summarizes all CCNA certification-level Cisco IOS(R) Software commands, keywords, command arguments, and associated prompts, providing you with tips and examples of how to apply the commands to real-world scenarios. Configuration examples throughout the book provi
Author Notes
Scott Empson is an instructor in the telecommunications department at the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Table of Contents
Introduction | p. xx |
Part I TCP/IP | p. 1 |
Chapter 1 How to Subnet | p. 3 |
Class A-E Addresses | p. 3 |
Converting Between Decimal Numbers and Binary | p. 4 |
Subnetting a Class C Network Using Binary | p. 4 |
Subnetting a Class B Network Using Binary | p. 8 |
Binary ANDing | p. 12 |
Question 1 | p. 12 |
Answer | p. 12 |
Question 2 | p. 13 |
Answer | p. 13 |
So Why AND? | p. 14 |
Question 3 | p. 14 |
Answer | p. 14 |
Shortcuts in Binary ANDing | p. 15 |
Question 4 | p. 15 |
Answer | p. 15 |
Proof | p. 15 |
Question 5 | p. 16 |
Answer | p. 16 |
Question 6 | p. 16 |
Answer | p. 16 |
The Enhanced Bob Maneuver for Subnetting | p. 16 |
Chapter 2 VLSM | p. 21 |
IP Subnet Zero | p. 21 |
VLSM Example | p. 22 |
Step 1 Determine How Many H Bits Will Be Needed to Satisfy the Largest Network | p. 23 |
Step 2 Pick a Subnet for the Largest Network to Use | p. 23 |
Step 3 Pick the Next Largest Network to Work With | p. 24 |
Step 4 Pick the Third Largest Network to Work With | p. 25 |
Step 5 Determine Network Numbers for Serial Links | p. 27 |
Chapter 3 Route Summarization | p. 29 |
Example for Understanding Route Summarization | p. 29 |
Step 1 Summarize Winnipeg's Routes | p. 30 |
Step 2 Summarize Calgary's Routes | p. 31 |
Step 3 Summarize Edmonton's Routes | p. 31 |
Step 4 Summarize Vancouver's Routes | p. 32 |
Route Summarization and Route Flapping | p. 34 |
Requirements for Route Summarization | p. 34 |
Part II Introduction to Cisco Devices | p. 35 |
Chapter 4 Cables and Connections | p. 37 |
Connecting a Rollover Cable to Your Router or Switch | p. 37 |
Terminal Settings | p. 37 |
LAN Connections | p. 38 |
Serial Cable Types | p. 39 |
Which Cable to Use? | p. 40 |
568A Versus 568B Cables | p. 42 |
Chapter 5 The Command-Line Interface | p. 43 |
Shortcuts for Entering Commands | p. 43 |
Using the [characters not reproducible] Key 'to Complete Commands | p. 43 |
Using the Question Mark for Help | p. 43 |
enable Command | p. 44 |
exit Command | p. 44 |
disable Command | p. 45 |
logout Command | p. 45 |
Setup Mode | p. 45 |
Keyboard Help | p. 45 |
History Commands | p. 46 |
show Commands | p. 47 |
Part III Configuring a Router | p. 49 |
Chapter 6 Configuring a Single Cisco Router | p. 51 |
Router Modes | p. 51 |
Global Configuration Mode | p. 52 |
Configuring a Router Name | p. 52 |
Configuring Passwords | p. 52 |
Password Encryption | p. 53 |
show Commands | p. 53 |
Interface Names | p. 54 |
Moving Between Interfaces | p. 57 |
Configuring a Serial Interface | p. 57 |
Configuring an Ethernet/Fast Ethernet Interface | p. 57 |
Creating an MOTD Banner | p. 58 |
Setting the Clock Time Zone | p. 58 |
Assigning a Local Host Name to an IP Address | p. 58 |
no ip domain-lookup Command | p. 59 |
logging synchronous Command | p. 59 |
exec-timeout Command | p. 60 |
Saving Configurations | p. 60 |
Erasing Configurations | p. 60 |
Configuration Example: Basic Router Configuration | p. 60 |
Part IV Routing | p. 65 |
Chapter 7 Static Routing | p. 67 |
Static Routing | p. 67 |
The permanent Keyword (Optional) | p. 68 |
Static Routes and Administrative Distance (Optional) | p. 68 |
Default Routing | p. 69 |
Verifying Static Routes | p. 69 |
Configuration Example: Static Routes | p. 70 |
Chapter 8 RIP | p. 73 |
IP Classless | p. 73 |
RIP Routing: Mandatory Commands | p. 73 |
RIP Routing: Optional Commands | p. 74 |
RIP Version 2 | p. 75 |
Troubleshooting RIP Issues | p. 75 |
RIP Version 2: Mandatory Commands | p. 76 |
RIP Version 2: Optional Commands | p. 76 |
Configuration Example: RIP-2 Routing | p. 76 |
Chapter 9 IGRP | p. 79 |
IGRP Routing: Mandatory Commands | p. 79 |
IGRP Routing: Optional Commands | p. 80 |
Troubleshooting IGRP Issues | p. 80 |
Chapter 10 EIGRP | p. 81 |
Configuring EIGRP | p. 81 |
EIGRP Auto Summarization | p. 82 |
Verifying EIGRP | p. 82 |
Troubleshooting EIGRP | p. 83 |
Configuration Example: EIGRP | p. 83 |
Chapter 11 Single-Area OSPF | p. 87 |
OSPF Routing: Mandatory Commands | p. 87 |
Wildcard Masks | p. 88 |
Using Wildcard Masks with OSPF Areas | p. 88 |
OSPF Routing: Optional Commands | p. 89 |
Loopback Interfaces | p. 89 |
OSPF DR/BDR Election | p. 89 |
Modifying OSPF Cost Metrics | p. 89 |
OSPF Authentication: Simple | p. 90 |
OSPF Authentication Using MD5 Encryption | p. 90 |
OSPF Timers | p. 91 |
Propagating a Default Route | p. 91 |
Verifying OSPF Configuration | p. 91 |
Troubleshooting OSPF | p. 92 |
Configuration Example: Single-Area OSPF | p. 93 |
Part V Switches | p. 97 |
Chapter 12 Configuring a Switch | p. 99 |
Help Commands | p. 99 |
Command Modes | p. 99 |
Verifying Commands | p. 100 |
Resetting Switch Configuration | p. 100 |
Setting Host Names | p. 101 |
Setting Passwords: 1900 Series Switches | p. 101 |
Setting Passwords: 2900/2950 Series Switches | p. 102 |
Setting IP Address and Default Gateway | p. 102 |
Setting Interface Descriptions | p. 103 |
Setting Duplex Settings: 1900 or 2900/2950 Series Switches | p. 104 |
Setting Speed Settings: 2900/2950 Series Switches | p. 104 |
Setting Web-Based Interface for Configuration: 1900 and 2900/2950 Series Switches | p. 104 |
Managing the MAC Address Table: 1900 and 2900/2950 Series Switches | p. 105 |
Configuring Static MAC Addresses | p. 105 |
Port Secrity: 1900 Series Switches | p. 105 |
Verifying Port Security | p. 106 |
Configuration Example: 2900 Series Switch | p. 107 |
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol and EtherChannel | p. 111 |
Spanning Tree Protocol | p. 111 |
Spanning-Tree Verification | p. 111 |
Change Spanning-Tree Priority of a Switch | p. 112 |
Changing the Cost of Spanning Tree on an Interface | p. 112 |
Changing the State of Spanning Tree on an Interface | p. 112 |
Spanning Tree Portfast BPDU Guard Command | p. 113 |
EtherChannel | p. 113 |
EtherChannel Configuration | p. 113 |
Verification of EtherChannel | p. 114 |
EtherChannel Tips | p. 114 |
Chapter 14 VLANs | p. 115 |
Displaying VLAN Information | p. 115 |
Creating Static VLANs | p. 116 |
Assigning Ports to VLANs | p. 117 |
Assigning Ports Using the range Command (2950 Switch Only) | p. 118 |
Saving VLAN Configurations | p. 118 |
Erasing VLAN Configurations | p. 119 |
Troubleshooting VLANs | p. 120 |
Configuration Example: 2900 Switch Configuration | p. 121 |
Chapter 15 VTP and Inter-VLAN Communication | p. 125 |
Configuring ISL Trunks | p. 125 |
Configuring Dot1Q Trunks | p. 126 |
Verifying Trunking | p. 126 |
VTP Configuration | p. 127 |
Confirming VTP Configuration | p. 128 |
Inter-VLAN Communication: Router-on-a-Stick | p. 129 |
Router-on-a-Stick Tips | p. 129 |
Configuration Example: VTP and Inter-VLAN Routing | p. 130 |
Part VI Network Administration and Troubleshooting | p. 141 |
Chapter 16 Backing Up and Restoring Cisco IOS Software and Configurations | p. 143 |
Boot System Commands | p. 143 |
Cisco IOS Software Prerelease 12.0 Commands Versus Cisco IOS Software 12.x Commands | p. 144 |
Backing Up Configurations | p. 144 |
Restoring Configurations | p. 145 |
Backing Up IOS to a TFTP Server | p. 145 |
Restoring/Upgrading IOS from a TFTP Server | p. 146 |
Restoring IOS from ROMmon Mode Using Xmodem | p. 147 |
Restoring the IOS Using the ROMmon Environmental Variables and tftpdnld Command | p. 150 |
Upgrading Catalyst 1900 Firmware with a TFTP Server | p. 150 |
Copying IOS to TFTP Server | p. 151 |
Firmware Upgrade of Catalyst 2950 Series Switches | p. 152 |
Configuration Example: 2900 Series Switch | p. 153 |
Chapter 17 Password Recovery Procedures and the Configuration Register | p. 157 |
The Configuration Register | p. 157 |
The Configuration Register: A Visual Representation | p. 157 |
The Configuration Register-What the Bits Mean | p. 158 |
The Boot Field | p. 158 |
Console Terminal Baud Rate Settings | p. 159 |
Changing the Console Line Speed-CLI | p. 159 |
Changing the Console Line Speed-ROM Monitor Mode-1700/2600 Series | p. 159 |
Password Recovery Procedures for Cisco Routers | p. 160 |
Password Recovery for 1900 Series Switches | p. 162 |
Password Recovery for 2900/2950 Series Switches | p. 164 |
Chapter 18 CDP | p. 167 |
Cisco Discovery Protocol | p. 167 |
Chapter 19 Telnet | p. 169 |
Telnet | p. 169 |
Chapter 20 Ping and traceroute | p. 173 |
ICMP Redirect Messages | p. 173 |
ping Command | p. 173 |
ping | p. 174 |
traceroute | p. 175 |
Chapter 21 SNMP and Syslog | p. 177 |
Configuring SNMP | p. 177 |
Configuring Syslog | p. 177 |
Chapter 22 Basic Troubleshooting | p. 179 |
Viewing the Routing Table | p. 179 |
Determining the Gateway of Last Resort | p. 180 |
Determining the Last Routing Update | p. 180 |
OSI Layer 3 Testing | p. 180 |
OSI Layer 7 Testing | p. 181 |
Interpreting the show interface Command | p. 181 |
Clearing Interface Counters | p. 181 |
Using CDP to Troubleshoot | p. 182 |
traceroute Command | p. 182 |
show controllers Command | p. 182 |
debug Commands | p. 182 |
Using Timestamps | p. 183 |
OS IP Verification Commands | p. 183 |
ip http server Command | p. 184 |
netstat Command | p. 184 |
Part VII Managing IP Services | p. 185 |
Chapter 23 NAT | p. 187 |
Configuring Dynamic NAT: One Private to One Public Address Translation | p. 187 |
Configuring PAT: Many Private to One Public Address Translation | p. 189 |
Configuring Static NAT: One Private to One Permanent Public Address Translation | p. 191 |
Verifying NAT and PAT Configuration | p. 192 |
Troubleshooting NAT and PAT Configuration | p. 192 |
Configuration Example: Port Address Translation | p. 192 |
Chapter 24 DHCP | p. 197 |
Configuring DHCP | p. 197 |
Verifying and Troubleshooting DHCP Configuration | p. 198 |
Configuring a DHCP Helper Address | p. 198 |
Configuration Example: DHCP | p. 198 |
Part VIII Wide-Area Networks | p. 203 |
Chapter 25 HDLC and PPP | p. 205 |
Configuring HDLC Encapsulation on a Serial Line | p. 205 |
Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Mandatory Commands) | p. 205 |
Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Compression | p. 206 |
Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Link Quality | p. 206 |
Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Multilink | p. 206 |
Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Authentication | p. 206 |
Verifying or Troubleshooting a Serial Link/PPP Encapsulation | p. 208 |
Configuration Example: PPP | p. 208 |
Chapter 26 ISDN and DDR | p. 211 |
Configuring ISDN BRI: Setting the Switch Type | p. 211 |
Configuring ISDN BRI: Setting SPIDs | p. 212 |
Configuring ISDN PRI | p. 212 |
Verifying ISDN Configuration | p. 213 |
Troubleshooting ISDN | p. 213 |
Configuring Legacy DDR | p. 214 |
Configuring Dialer Profiles with DDR | p. 215 |
Configuration Example: ISDN and DDR with No Dialer Profiles | p. 218 |
Chapter 27 Frame Relay | p. 223 |
Configuring Frame Relay: Setting the Frame Relay Encapsulation Type | p. 223 |
Configuring Frame Relay: Setting the Frame Relay Encapsulation LMI Type | p. 224 |
Configuring Frame Relay: Setting the Frame Relay DLCI Number | p. 224 |
Configuring a Frame Relay Map | p. 224 |
Configuring a Description of the Interface (Optional) | p. 225 |
Configuring Frame Relay Using Subinterfaces | p. 225 |
Verifying Frame Relay | p. 226 |
Troubleshooting Frame Relay | p. 226 |
Configuration Example: Frame Relay | p. 227 |
Part IX Network Security | p. 233 |
Chapter 28 IP Access Control List Security | p. 235 |
Access List Numbers | p. 235 |
ACL Keywords | p. 235 |
Creating Standard ACLs | p. 236 |
Applying a Standard ACL to an Interface | p. 237 |
Verifying ACLs | p. 237 |
Removing an ACL | p. 238 |
Creating Extended ACLs | p. 238 |
The established Keyword | p. 239 |
Creating Named ACLs | p. 240 |
Using Sequence Numbers in Named ACLs | p. 241 |
Removing Specific Lines in a Named ACL Using Sequence Numbers | p. 242 |
Sequence Number Tips | p. 242 |
Including Comments About Entries in ACLs | p. 242 |
Applying an Extended ACL to an Interface | p. 243 |
Restricting Virtual Terminal Access | p. 243 |
Configuration Example: Access Control Lists | p. 244 |
Part X Appendixes | p. 247 |
Appendix A Complete Configuration Example | p. 249 |
Appendix B Binary/Hex/Decimal Conversion Chart | p. 265 |
Appendix C Create Your Own Journal Here | p. 275 |