James L. Sorensen and Jennifer E. Hettema and Sandra LariosT. Cameron Wild and Jody WolfeStephen A. Maisto and Marketa KrenekScott H. StewartDavid J. Kavanagh and Jennifer M. ConnollyLaura J. Holt and Linda S. Kranitz and Ned L. CooneyLinda S. Kranitz and Laura J. Holt and Ned L. CooneyDanielle Barry and Nancy M. PetryLisa H. Glynn and Theresa B. MoyersEileen Kaner and Dorothy Newbury-Birch and Nick HeatherG. Alan Marlatt and Sarah W. Bowen and Katie WitkiewitzAdrian B. KellyStephen T. Higgins and Randall E. RogersHarald Klingemann and Justyna KlingemannRobert Swift and Lorenzo LeggioArthur W. Blume and Michelle R. Resor and Anthony V. KantinMorten HesseJosephine M. Hawke and Yifrah KaminerClayton Neighbors and Eric R. Pedersen and Mary E. LarimerJohn A. CunninghamNora E. NoelPatrick M. Flynn and D. Dwayne SimpsonPeter M. Miller

Preface	p. xi
Contributors	p. xv
Part 1 Introduction to Evidence-Based Practices	p. 1
Chapter 1 What Is Evidence-Based Treatment?	p. 3
Summary points	p. 3
What does "evidence based" mean?	p. 5
Evaluating the evidence	p. 6
Examples of key studies and findings	p. 11
Examples of evidence-based treatments	p. 14
Conclusions and future directions	p. 17
References	p. 18
Chapter 2 The Clinical Course of Addiction Treatment: The Role of Nonspecific Therapeutic Factors	p. 21
Summary points	p. 21
Introduction	p. 22
Accessing treatment	p. 25
Treatment engagement and outcomes	p. 29
Conclusions	p. 36
References	p. 36
Part 2 Clinical Assessment and Treatment Monitoring	p. 47
Chapter 3 History and Current Substance Use	p. 49
Summary points	p. 49
Self-report/interview methods of alcohol and other drug consumption	p. 52
Biomarker measures of alcohol and illicit drug consumption	p. 67
General summary and conclusions	p. 72
References	p. 73
Chapter 4 Dependence and Diagnosis	p. 77
Summary points	p. 77
Introduction	p. 78
Defining substance use disorders	p. 78
Screening methods	p. 84
Diagnostic assessment	p. 84
Summary	p. 86
References	p. 86
Chapter 5 Assessment of Co-occurring Addictive and Other Mental Disorders	p. 89
Summary points	p. 89
Definitions	p. 90
Features of co-occurring disorders that inform assessment	p. 90
Screening for AMDS	p. 100
References	p. 111
Chapter 6 Individualized Problem Assessment I: Assessing Cognitive and Behavioral Factors	p. 119
Summary points	p. 119
Antecedents to substance use and/or relapse	p. 121
Self-efficacy	p. 124
Expectancies	p. 126
Motivation	p. 127
Assessment of craving	p. 131
Summary	p. 133
References	p. 133
Chapter 7 Individualized Problem Assessment II: Assessing Clients from a Broader Perspective	p. 139
Summary points	p. 139
Coping skills	p. 140
Consequences	p. 142
Social support	p. 145
Treatment-related needs and preferences	p. 147
Alcoholics anonymous involvement	p. 147
Spirituality and religiosity	p. 149
Multidimensional measures	p. 150
Summary	p. 151
References	p. 152
Part 3 Treatment Methods	p. 157
Chapter 8 Cognitive Behavioral Treatments for Substance Use Disorders	p. 159
Summary points	p. 159
Summary	p. 160
Review of behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy	p. 160
Cognitive behavioral therapy for substance use disorders	p. 162
General format of CBT for substance use disorders	p. 163
Evidence for efficacy of CBT for substance use disorders	p. 171
Summary	p. 173
References	p. 173
Chapter 9 Motivational Interviewing for Addictions	p. 175
Summary points	p. 175
Introduction: The counselor's dilemma	p. 175
What is motivational interviewing?	p. 176
Four principles of motivational interviewing: "Common ingredients"	p. 176
Client language: A unique ingredient in MI	p. 177
The spirit of motivational interviewing	p. 178
Revisiting the initial consultation	p. 178
The transtheoretical model of change	p. 179
Common misconceptions about motivational interviewing	p. 180
Does motivational interviewing work?	p. 181
Training and evaluating motivational interviewing	p. 181
Conclusions	p. 182
Motivational interviewing resources	p. 186
Further reading	p. 187
References	p. 187
Chapter 10 Brief Intervention	p. 189
Summary points	p. 189
Introduction	p. 190
Background	p. 190
Origins and theory base	p. 191
The evidence base	p. 193
Delivering screening and brief intervention in primary care settings	p. 197
Implementation issues	p. 202
Conclusion	p. 208
References	p. 208
Chapter 11 Relapse Prevention: Evidence Base and Future Directions	p. 215
Summary points	p. 215
Background of relapse prevention	p. 216
Theoretical models behind relapse prevention	p. 218
Empirical evidence supporting relapse prevention	p. 220
Therapeutic components of relapse prevention interventions	p. 221
Specific intervention strategies	p. 222
Global intervention strategies	p. 226
Summary and conclusions	p. 230
References	p. 230
Chapter 12 Behavioral Couples Therapy in the Treatment of Alcohol Problems	p. 233
Summary points	p. 233
Introduction to alcohol behavioral couples therapy	p. 234
How well does ABCT work?	p. 240
Some criticisms of the ABCT approach	p. 241
Expanding ABCT to fit innovations in EFT	p. 243
Conclusions	p. 245
Acknowledgment	p. 245
References	p. 245
Chapter 13 Contingency Management and the Community Reinforcement Approach	p. 249
Summary points	p. 249
Introduction	p. 250
Conceptualizing treatment	p. 251
Community reinforcement approach	p. 252
Contingency management	p. 253
Empirical support	p. 254
Initial study	p. 254
Extending CRA to treatment of patients with cocaine and opioid use disorders	p. 255
Further extensions	p. 256
Conclusions	p. 262
Acknowledgment	p. 263
References	p. 263
Chapter 14 How Much Treatment Does a Person Need? Self-Change and the Treatment System	p. 267
Summary points	p. 267
Professional help and lay help-treatment systems in crisis	p. 268
Self-organized quitting, self-change from addictive behaviors	p. 270
Creating a societal climate friendly to individual change: Advice for policy makers	p. 281
References	p. 282
Chapter 15 Adjunctive Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Alcohol and Drug Dependence	p. 287
Introduction	p. 287
The neurobiology of addictions	p. 288
Pharmacotherapy of addictions	p. 291
Pharmacotherapy as an "adjunctive" therapy	p. 302
Conclusions	p. 304
References	p. 304
Part 4 Special Populations and Applications	p. 311
Chapter 16 Addiction Treatment Disparities: Ethnic and Sexual Minority Populations	p. 313
Summary points	p. 313
Addiction treatment disparities	p. 315
Conditions that create disparities	p. 316
Assessment issues	p. 317
Treatment issues	p. 317
Difference in cultural values may impact treatment outcomes	p. 318
Prejudice, racism, and homophobia	p. 318
Empirically based treatment and minority clients	p. 319
Summary	p. 320
References	p. 320
Chapter 17 Treating the Patient with Comorbidity	p. 327
Summary points	p. 327
Empirically supported treatment and comorbidity	p. 328
Is psychiatric comorbidity an indicator of poor prognosis?	p. 328
What happens over time with comorbid symptoms?	p. 330
Treatment of comorbid mental illness and substance abuse	p. 331
References	p. 339
Chapter 18 Evidence-Based Interventions for Adolescent Substance Users	p. 345
Summary points	p. 345
Introduction	p. 346
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses	p. 346
Interventions	p. 348
Where do we go from here	p. 354
References	p. 356
Chapter 19 College Student Applications	p. 361
Summary points	p. 361
Prevention/brief intervention focus versus treatment	p. 363
Delivery methods of intervention	p. 365
Conclusions	p. 373
References	p. 374
Chapter 20 Internet Evidence-Based Treatments	p. 379
Summary points	p. 379
What do internet-based interventions look like?	p. 381
Considerations for creating an evidence base	p. 389
Looking to the future	p. 393
References	p. 394
Part 5 Evidence-Based Treatment in Action	p. 399
Chapter 21 Evidence-Based Treatment Planning for Substance Abuse Therapy	p. 401
Summary points	p. 401
Overview of treatment planning	p. 405
Steps in the individual treatment planning process	p. 407
Advances toward the goal of evidence-based treatment planning	p. 414
References	p. 416
Chapter 22 Adoption and Implementation of Evidence-Based Treatment	p. 419
Summary points	p. 419
Background and introduction	p. 420
Adoption and implementation	p. 422
Leadership	p. 422
Implementation science: A model for program change	p. 423
Practical applications: Assessing the organization	p. 428
Guidelines for administration	p. 430
Interpretation	p. 430
Reformative strategies	p. 431
Conclusions and implications	p. 433
Future directions	p. 434
Acknowledgments	p. 434
References	p. 435
Part 6 A Look Toward the Future	p. 439
Chapter 23 Challenges of an Evidence-Based Approach to Addiction Treatment	p. 441
Summary points	p. 441
Ongoing issues and challenges	p. 443
Conclusions	p. 447
References	p. 448
Index	p. 449