Analysis of failure in fiber polymer laminates : the theory of Alfred Puck

Title:

Personal Author:

Knops, Martin

Publication Information:

Heidelberg : Springer, 2008

Physical Description:

xi, 205 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.

ISBN:

9783540757641

Subject Term:

Fiber-reinforced plastics -- Fracture

Polymeric composites -- Fracture

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Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010198696	TA455.P55 K56 2008	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) are widely used for the design of load-bearing structures. Life time prediction based on failure analysis is therefore essential for many applications in Aeronautics, Automotive and Civil Engineering. Analysis of Failure in Fiber Polymer Laminates presents Alfred Puck´s failure model, which, among several other theories, predicts fracture limits best and describes the failure phenomena in FRP most realistically - as confirmed within the "World-wide Failure Exercise". Using Puck´s model the composite engineer can follow the gradual failure process in a laminate and deduce from the results of the analysis how to improve the laminate design. This capability distinguishes the model from other phenomenological and global models. It thus reduces the number of required component tests and iteration loops in the design process and paves the way to sorely needed software for crash-simulation of FRP-structures.

1 Introduction	p. 1
2 Failure of laminates	p. 5
2.1 Laminate structure	p. 5
2.2 Micro-cracks	p. 6
2.3 Inter Fiber Fracture (IFF)	p. 7
2.3.1 Different forms of Inter Fiber Fracture (IFF)	p. 10
2.3.2 Relevance of IFF	p. 13
2.4 Delamination	p. 14
2.5 Fiber Fracture (FF)	p. 16
2.6 Laminate Failure	p. 18
2.7 Summary of chapter	p. 19
3 Stress and strength analysis: Basics and definitions	p. 21
3.1 Coordinate Systems, Stresses and stressings	p. 21
3.1.1 Natural coordinate system of the UD-lamina	p. 21
3.1.2 Coordinate system of the laminate	p. 22
3.1.3 Stresses of the UD-lamina	p. 22
3.1.4 Stressings of a UD-element	p. 23
3.1.5 Stresses on the fracture plane, adapted coordinate system	p. 24
3.1.6 Coordinate system for the visualization of fracture bodies	p. 25
3.2 Stress analysis	p. 27
3.3 Strength analysis	p. 28
3.3.1 Introduction	p. 28
3.3.2 Fracture condition, fracture criterion and the term "stress exposure"	p. 28
3.3.3 Distinguishing residual and load determined stresses	p. 32
3.3.4 Margin of safety and reserve factor of the Composite materials structure	p. 33
3.4 Summary of chapter	p. 34
4 Puck's action plane fracture criteria	p. 37
4.1 Fiber fracture criteria	p. 37
4.2 Inter fiber fracture (IFF) criteria	p. 40
4.2.1 Motivation	p. 40
4.2.2 Different IFF-fracture modes	p. 43
4.2.3 Fracture hypotheses	p. 44
4.2.4 Fracture resistance of the action plane	p. 46
4.2.5 Visualization of the stress/strength problem	p. 51
4.2.6 Universal 3-D-formulation of the action plane related IFF-criteria	p. 65
4.2.7 Analytical 2-D-formulation for plane states of stress	p. 79
4.3 Extensions to the IFF-criteria	p. 83
4.3.1 Inclusion of stresses not acting on the fracture plane in the action-plane-related inter-fiber fracture criteria	p. 83
4.3.2 Calculation of the Stretch factor f_S^L of the load-determined stresses when residual stresses are present	p. 97
4.4 Visualization of fracture bodies	p. 108
4.5 Summary of chapter	p. 114
5 Analysis of the gradual failure process	p. 117
5.1 Approaches for the modeling of the gradual failure process	p. 119
5.2 Puck's approach for the analysis of the gradual failure process	p. 121
5.2.1 Degradation procedure for cracks due to IFF Mode A	p. 122
5.2.2 Degradation procedure for cracks due to IFF Mode B and IFF Mode C	p. 123
5.2.3 Puck's method from 1969	p. 125
5.2.4 Degradation method used in the "World Wide Failure Exercise"	p. 128
5.2.5 New degradation method (2007)	p. 128
5.2.6 Laminates with unsound loading conditions	p. 129
5.3 Implementation of the Puck theory for the gradual failure process in a Software code	p. 130
5.4 Summary of chapter	p. 133
6 Experimental work	p. 137
6.1 Verification of the fracture hypotheses and calibration of the fracture body	p. 137
6.1.1 Experiments with Three Dimensional Stress States	p. 137
6.1.2 Experiments with plane (¿ 2 , ¿ 21 )-stress combinations	p. 143
6.2 Experimental determination of degradation curves	p. 150
6.2.1 Degradation of E ⊥ t and G ⊥‖ for fracture Mode A	p. 151
6.2.2 Degradation of E ⊥ and G ⊥‖ for fracture Mode B	p. 156
6.2.3 Degradation of ¿ ⊥‖ and ¿ ‖⊥	p. 157
6.2.4 Validation of degradation curves	p. 159
6.3 Summary of chapter	p. 167
7 Implementation in Software	p. 171
8 Application of Puck's work in industrial practice	p. 175
9 Concluding remarks	p. 177
Annex	p. 179
References	p. 197
Index	p. 203

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