Digital video and audio broadcasting technology : a practical engineering guide

"Digital Video and Audio Broadcasting Technology -- A Practical Engineering Guide" deals with all the most important digital television, sound radio and multimedia standards such as MPEG, DVB, DVD, DAB, ATSC, T-DMB, DMB-T, DRM and ISDB-T. The book provides an in-depth look at these subjects in terms of practical experience. In addition it contains chapters on the basics of technologies such as analog television, digital modulation, COFDM or mathematical transformations between time and frequency domains. The attention in the respective field under discussion is focussed on aspects of measuring techniques and of measuring practice, in each case consolidating the knowledge imparted with numerous practical examples. This book is directed primarily at the specialist working in the field, on transmitters and transmission equipment, network planning, studio technology, playout centers and multiplex center technology and in the development departments for entertainment electronics or TV test engineering. Since the intire field of electrical communications technology is traversed in a wide arc, those who are students in this field are not excluded either."Digital Video and Audio Broadcasting Technology -- A Practical Engineering Guide" is the 2nd and strongly enlarged edition of Walter Fischer's "Digital Television", the well established reference on this challenging technology.

1 Introduction	p. 1
2 Analog Television	p. 7
2.1 Scanning an Original Black/White Picture	p. 10
2.2 Horizontal and Vertical Synchronization Pulses	p. 12
2.3 Adding the Color Information	p. 14
2.4 Transmission Methods	p. 17
2.5 Distortion and Interference	p. 18
2.6 Signals in the Vertical Blanking Interval	p. 20
2.7 Measurements on Analog Video Signals	p. 24
3 The MPEG Data Stream	p. 31
3.1 The Packetized Elementary Stream (PES)	p. 35
3.2 The MPEG-2 Transport Stream Packet	p. 38
3.3 Information for the Receiver	p. 42
3.3.1 Synchronizing to the Transport Stream	p. 43
3.3.2 Reading out the Current Program Structure	p. 44
3.3.3 Accessing a Program	p. 46
3.3.4 Accessing Scrambled Programs	p. 46
3.3.5 Program Synchronisation (PCR, DTS, PTS)	p. 48
3.3.6 Additional Information in the Transport Stream (SI/PSI/PSIP)	p. 51
3.3.7 Non-Private and Private Sections and Tables	p. 52
3.3.8 The Service Information according to DVB (SI)	p. 60
3.4 The PSIP according to the ATSC	p. 73
3.5 ARIB Tables according to ISDB-T	p. 76
3.6 DMB-T (China) Tables	p. 78
3.7 Other Important Details of the MPEG-2 Transport Stream	p. 78
3.7.1 The Transport Priority	p. 78
3.7.2 The Transport Scrambling Control Bits	p. 79
3.7.3 The Adaptation Field Control Bits	p. 79
3.7.4 The Continuity Counter	p. 80
4 Digital Video Signal According to ITU-BT.R.601 (CCIR 601)	p. 81
5 High Definition Television - HDTV	p. 87
6 Transforms to and from the Frequency Domain	p. 91
6.1 The Fourier Transform	p. 93
6.2 The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)	p. 95
6.3 The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)	p. 97
6.4 Implementation and Practical Applications of DFT and FFT	p. 99
6.5 The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)	p. 100
6.6 Time Domain Signals and their Transforms in the Frequenc Domain	p. 102
6.7 Systematic Errors in DFT or FFT, and How to Prevent them	p. 104
6.8 Window Functions	p. 107
7 MPEG-2 Video Coding	p. 109
7.1 Video Compression	p. 109
7.1.1 Reducing the Quantization from 10 Bits to 8	p. 111
7.1.2 Omitting the Horizontal and Vertical Blanking Intervals	p. 111
7.1.3 Reduction in Vertical Color Resolution (4:2:0)	p. 112
7.1.4 Further Data Reduction Steps	p. 113
7.1.5 Differential Pulse Code Modulation of Moving Pictures	p. 114
7.1.6 Discrete Cosine Transform Followed by Quantization	p. 119
7.1.7 Zig-Zag Scanning with Run-Length Coding of Zero Sequences	p. 127
7.1.8 Huffman Coding	p. 127
7.2 Summary	p. 128
7.3 Structure of the Video Elementary Stream	p. 132
7.4 More Recent Video Compression Methods	p. 133
7.5 MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding	p. 134
8 Compression of Audio Signals to MPEG and Dolby Digital	p. 143
8.1 Digital Audio Source Signal	p. 143
8.2 History of Audio Coding	p. 144
8.3 Psychoacoustic Model of the Human Ear	p. 147
8.4 Basic Principles of Audio Coding	p. 151
8.5 Subband Coding in Accordance with MPEG Layer I, II	p. 153
8.6 Transform Coding for MPEG Layer III and Dolby Digital	p. 155
8.7 Multichannel Sound	p. 157
9 Teletext, Subtitles and VPS for DVB	p. 159
9.1 Teletext and Subtitles	p. 159
9.2 Video Program System	p. 163
10 A Comparison of Digital Video Standards	p. 167
10.1 MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, VCD and DVD, M-JPEG and MiniDV/DV	p. 167
10.2 MPEG-3, MPEG-4, MPEG-7 and MPEG-21	p. 170
10.3 Physical Interfaces for Digital Video Signals	p. 174
10.3.1 Parallel and Serial CCIR 601	p. 174
10.3.2 Synchronous Parallel Transport Stream Interface (TS Parallel)	p. 176
10.3.3 Asynchronous Serial Transport Stream Interface (TS ASI)	p. 177
11 Measurements on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream	p. 179
11.1 Loss of Synchronisation (TS_sync_loss)	p. 181
11.2 Errored Sync Bytes (sync_byte_error)	p. 182
11.3 Missing or Errored Program Association Table (PAT) (PAT_error)	p. 182
11.4 Missing or Errored Program Map Table (PMT) (PMT_error)	p. 183
11.5 The PID_Error	p. 184
11.6 The Continuity_Count_Error	p. 185
11.7 The Transport_Error (Priority 2)	p. 186
11.8 The Cyclic Redundancy Check Error	p. 187
11.9 The Program Clock Reference Error (PCR_Error, PCR_Accuracy)	p. 187
11.10 The Presentation Time Stamp Error (PTS_Error)	p. 189
11.11 The Conditional Access Table Error (CAT_Error)	p. 190
11.12 Service Information Repetition Rate Error (SI_Repetition_Error)	p. 191
11.13 Monitoring the NIT, SDT, EIT, RST and TDT/TOT Tables	p. 192
11.14 Undefined PIDs (Unreferenced_PID)	p. 192
11.15 Errors in the Transmission of Additional Service Information	p. 193
11.16 Faulty tables NIT_other_error, SDT_other_error, EIT_other_error	p. 194
11.17 Monitoring an ATSC-Compliant MPEG-2 Transport Stream	p. 194
12 Picture Quality Analysis of Digital TV Signals	p. 197
12.1 Methods for Measuring Video Quality	p. 199
12.1.1 Subjective Picture Quality Analysis	p. 200
12.1.2 Double Stimulus Continual Quality Scale Method DSCQS	p. 201
12.1.3 Single Stimulus Continual Quality Evaluation Method SSCQE	p. 201
12.2 Objective Picture Quality Analysis	p. 201
13 Basic Principles of Digital Modulation	p. 209
13.1 Introduction	p. 209
13.2 Mixer	p. 211
13.3 Amplitude Modulator	p. 213
13.4 IQ Modulator	p. 215
13.5 The IQ Demodulator	p. 223
13.6 Use of the Hilbert transform in IQ modulation	p. 228
13.7 Practical Applications of the Hilbert Transform	p. 230
13.8 Channel Coding/Forward Error Correction	p. 232
14 Transmitting Digital Television Signals by Satellite - DVB-S/S2	p. 237
14.1 The DVB-S System Parameters	p. 240
14.2 The DVB-S Modulator	p. 242
14.3 Convolutional Coding	p. 248
14.4 Signal Processing in the Satellite	p. 253
14.5 The DVB-S Receiver	p. 254
14.6 Influences Affecting the Satellite Transmission Link	p. 257
14.7 DVB-S2	p. 261
15 DVB-S Measuring Technology	p. 269
15.1 Introduction	p. 269
15.2 Measuring Bit Error Ratios	p. 269
15.3 Measurements on DVB-S Signals using a Spectrum Analyzer	p. 272
15.3.1 Approximate Determination of the Noise Power N	p. 273
15.3.2 C/N, S/N and Eb/N[subscript 0]	p. 274
15.3.3 Finding the E[subscript B]/N[subscript 0] Ratio	p. 275
15.4 Measuring the Shoulder Attenuation	p. 276
15.5 DVB-S Receiver Test	p. 276
16 Broadband Cable Transmission According to DVB-C	p. 279
16.1 The DVB-C Standard	p. 280
16.2 The DVB-C Modulator	p. 282
16.3 The DVB-C Receiver	p. 283
16.4 Interference Effects on the DVB-C Transmission Link	p. 284
17 Broadband Cable Transmission According to ITU-T J83B	p. 289
18 Measuring Digital TV Signals in the Broadband Cable	p. 291
18.1 DVB-C/J83A, B, C Test Receivers with Constellation Analysis	p. 292
18.2 Detecting Interference Effects Using Constellation Analysis	p. 296
18.2.1 Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)	p. 296
18.2.2 Phase Jitter	p. 299
18.2.3 Sinusoidal Interferer	p. 300
18.2.4 Effects of the I/Q Modulator	p. 300
18.2.5 Modulation Error Ratio (MER)	p. 303
18.2.6 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)	p. 305
18.3 Measuring the Bit Error Ratio (BER)	p. 305
18.4 Using a Spectrum Analyzer for Measuring DVB-C Signals	p. 306
18.5 Measuring the Shoulder Attenuation	p. 308
18.6 Measuring the Ripple or Tilt in the Channel	p. 309
18.7 DVB-C/J83A,B,C Receiver Test	p. 309
19 Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (COFDM)	p. 311
19.1 Why Multi-Carrier?	p. 313
19.2 What is COFDM?	p. 316
19.3 Generating the COFDM Symbols	p. 320
19.4 Supplementary Signals in the COFDM Spectrum	p. 329
19.5 Hierarchical Modulation	p. 332
19.6 Summary	p. 332
20 Terrestrial Transmission of Digital Television Signals (DVB-T)	p. 333
20.1 The DVB-T Standard	p. 335
20.2 The DVB-T Carriers	p. 337
20.3 Hierarchical Modulation	p. 343
20.4 DVB-T System Parameters of the 8/7/6 MHz Channel	p. 345
20.5 The DVB-T Modulator and Transmitter	p. 354
20.6 The DVB-T Receiver	p. 357
20.7 Interference on the DVB-T Transmission Link and its Effects	p. 362
20.8 DVB-T Single-Frequency Networks (SFN)	p. 370
20.9 Minimum Receiver Input Level Required with DVB-T	p. 378
21 Measuring DVB-T Signals	p. 385
21.1 Measuring the Bit Error Ratio	p. 387
21.2 Measuring DVB-T Signals Using a Spectrum Analyzer	p. 389
21.3 Constellation Analysis of DVB-T Signals	p. 393
21.3.1 Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)	p. 394
21.3.2 Phase Jitter	p. 394
21.3.3 Interference Sources	p. 394
21.3.4 Echoes, Multipath Reception	p. 395
21.3.5 Doppler Effect	p. 395
21.3.6 I/Q Errors of the Modulator	p. 395
21.3.7 Cause and Effect of I/Q Errors in DVB-T	p. 399
21.4 Measuring the Crest Factor	p. 408
21.5 Measuring the Amplitude, Phase and Group Delay Response	p. 408
21.6 Measuring the Impulse Response	p. 409
21.7 Measuring the Shoulder Attenuation	p. 410
22 DVB-H - Digital Video Broadcasting for Handhelds	p. 415
22.1 Introduction	p. 415
22.2 Convergence between Mobile Radio and Broadcasting	p. 417
22.3 Essential Parameters of DVB-H	p. 418
22.4 DSM-CC Sections	p. 419
22.5 Multiprotocol Encapsulation	p. 421
22.6 DVB-H Standard	p. 422
22.7 Summary	p. 426
23 Digital Terrestrial TV to North American ATSC Standard	p. 429
23.1 The 8VSB Modulator	p. 434
23.2 8VSB Gross Data Rate and Net Data Rate	p. 442
23.3 The ATSC Receiver	p. 444
23.4 Causes of Interference on the ATSC Transmission Path	p. 444
24 ATSC/8VSB Measurements	p. 447
24.1 Bit Error Ratio (BER) Measurement	p. 447
24.2 8VSB Measurements Using a Spectrum Analyzer	p. 448
24.3 Constellation Analysis on 8VSB Signals	p. 449
24.4 Measuring Amplitude Response and Group Delay Response	p. 452
25 Digital Terrestrial Television according to ISDB-T	p. 455
25.1 Introduction	p. 455
25.2 ISDB-T Concept	p. 456
26 Digital Audio Broadcasting - DAB	p. 459
26.1 Comparing DAB and DVB	p. 461
26.2 An Overview of DAB	p. 464
26.3 The Physical Layer of DAB	p. 469
26.4 DAB - Forward Error Correction	p. 478
26.5 DAB Modulator and Transmitter	p. 483
26.6 DAB Data Structure	p. 487
26.7 DAB Single-Frequency Networks	p. 492
26.8 DAB Data Broadcasting	p. 494
27 DVB Data Services: MHP and SSU	p. 497
27.1 Data Broadcasting in DVB	p. 498
27.2 Object Carousels	p. 499
27.3 The Multimedia Home Platform MHP	p. 501
27.4 System Software Update SSU	p. 503
28 DMB-T and T-DMB	p. 505
28.1 DMB-T	p. 505
28.2 T-DMB	p. 508
29 IPTV - Television over the Internet	p. 511
30 DRM - Digital Radio Mondiale	p. 513
30.1 Audio source encoding	p. 517
30.2 Forward Error Correction	p. 517
30.3 Modulation Method	p. 518
30.4 Frame structure	p. 519
30.5 Interference on the transmission link	p. 520
30.6 DRM data rates	p. 521
30.7 DRM transmitting stations and DRM receivers	p. 522
31 Structure of DTV Networks and Transmitting Stations	p. 523
31.1 The DVB-T SFNs Southern and Eastern Bavaria	p. 523
31.2 Playout Center and Feed Networks	p. 527
31.3 Technical Configuration of the Transmitter Sites	p. 527
31.3.1 Mount Wendelstein Transmitter	p. 528
31.3.2 Olympic Tower Transmitter, Munich	p. 537
31.3.3 Brotjacklriegel Transmitter	p. 539
32 Digital Television throughout the World - an Overview	p. 543
Bibliography	p. 547
Definition of Terms	p. 553
TV Channel Tables	p. 567
Index	p. 573

Available:*

On Order

Summary

Summary

Table of Contents