Introduction to fluid mechanics

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Introduction to Fluid Mechanics provides a balanced and uniquely visual treatment of the tools used in solving modern fluid mechanics problems. Presenting an image-intensive approach to fluid dynamics through classic kinematic concepts, the book demonstrates the importance of flow visualization in a framework of modern experimental techniques and flow simulation.

Detailed photographs and diagrams of fluid motions and phenomena throughout the text help students to see and understand why equations change drastically for different types of flows. Output illustrations from CFD (computational fluid dynamics) programs illustrate the possibilities of flow behavior, enabling students to concentrate on ideas instead of mathematics. The book also provides the means to solve interesting problems early in the course by presenting case studies at the beginning of the text. These cases are revisited later to reinforce empirical rules and help explain advanced methods of analyzing a flow.

Creating a foundation for further study in this important and exciting field, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics is ideal for a first course in fluid mechanics. The book is designed to accommodate students concentrating in mechanical engineering as well as those in the civil, aerospace, and chemical engineering fields.

Features

BLA highly organized 2-color interior and icons throughout the text aid in navigation and review.
BLCFD icons indicate subject matter that directly or indirectly relates to computational methods to familiarize students with this powerful tool.
BLFE icons note material that is covered in the Fundamentals of Engineering exam to help students prepare.
BLChapters on differential analysis of flow and on applications of fluid mechanics are self-contained so that instructors can pick and choose which topics to cover.

An Instructor's Manual and CD are available to adopters.

Author Notes

Edward J. Shaughnessy, Jr., is Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science at Duke University.

Preface	p. xiii
1 Fundamentals
Chapter 1 Fundamental Concepts
1.1 Introduction	p. 3
1.2 Gases, Liquids, and Solids	p. 14
1.3 Methods of Description	p. 22
1.4 Dimensions and Unit Systems	p. 29
1.5 Problem Solving	p. 34
1.6 Summary	p. 35
Problems	p. 36
Chapter 2 Fluid Properties
2.1 Introduction	p. 43
2.2 Mass, Weight, and Density	p. 43
2.3 Pressure	p. 51
2.4 Temperature and Other Thermal Properties	p. 64
2.5 The Perfect Gas Law	p. 70
2.6 Bulk Compressibility Modulus	p. 73
2.7 Viscosity	p. 80
2.8 Surface Tension	p. 85
2.9 Fluid Energy	p. 93
2.10 Summary	p. 97
Problems	p. 99
Chapter 3 Case Studies in Fluid Mechanics
3.1 Introduction	p. 103
3.2 Common Dimensionless Groups in Fluid Mechanics	p. 105
3.3 Case Studies	p. 114
3.4 Summary	p. 140
Problems	p. 141
Chapter 4 Fluid Forces
4.1 Introduction	p. 146
4.2 Classification of Fluid Forces	p. 148
4.3 The Origins of Body and Surface Forces	p. 149
4.4 Body Forces	p. 152
4.5 Surface Forces	p. 160
4.6 Stress in a Fluid	p. 178
4.7 Force Balance in a Fluid	p. 187
4.8 Summary	p. 190
Problems	p. 191
Chapter 5 Fluid Statics
5.1 Introduction	p. 197
5.2 Hydrostatic Stress	p. 199
5.3 Hydrostatic Equation	p. 201
5.4 Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution	p. 210
5.5 Hydrostatic Force	p. 233
5.6 Hydrostatic Moment	p. 252
5.7 Resultant Force and Point of Application	p. 267
5.8 Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle	p. 269
5.9 Equilibrium and Stability of Immersed Bodies	p. 275
5.10 Summary	p. 278
Problems	p. 280
Chapter 6 The Velocity Field and Fluid Transport
6.1 Introduction	p. 299
6.2 The Fluid Velocity Field	p. 300
6.3 Fluid Acceleration	p. 312
6.4 The Substantial Derivative	p. 319
6.5 Classification of Flows	p. 320
6.6 No-Slip, No-Penetration Boundary Conditions	p. 336
6.7 Fluid Transport	p. 337
6.8 Average Velocity and Flowrate	p. 358
6.9 Summary	p. 363
Problems	p. 365
Chapter 7 Control Volume Analysis
7.1 Introduction	p. 375
7.2 Basic Concepts: System and Control Volume	p. 376
7.3 System and Control Volume Analysis	p. 377
7.4 Reynolds Transport Theorem for a System	p. 381
7.5 Reynolds Transport Theorem for a Control Volume	p. 382
7.6 Control Volume Analysis	p. 385
7.7 Summary	p. 450
Problems	p. 452
Chapter 8 Flow of an Inviscid Fluid: the Bernoulli Equation
8.1 Introduction	p. 474
8.2 Frictionless Flow Along a Streamline	p. 475
8.3 Bernoulli Equation	p. 477
8.4 Static, Dynamic, Stagnation, and Total Pressure	p. 490
8.5 Applications of the Bernoulli Equation	p. 496
8.6 Relationship to the Energy Equation	p. 521
8.7 Summary	p. 524
Problems	p. 526
Chapter 9 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude
9.1 Introduction	p. 534
9.2 Buckingham Pi Theorem	p. 536
9.3 Repeating Variable Method	p. 540
9.4 Similitude and Model Development	p. 549
9.5 Correlation of Experimental Data	p. 554
9.6 Application to Case Studies	p. 557
9.7 Summary	p. 563
Problems	p. 564
2 Differential Analysis of Flow
Chapter 10 Elements of Flow Visualization and Flow Structure
10.1 Introduction	p. 573
10.2 Lagrangian Kinematics	p. 578
10.3 The Eulerian-Lagrangian Connection	p. 590
10.4 Material Lines, Surfaces, and Volumes	p. 592
10.5 Pathlines and Streaklines	p. 597
10.6 Streamlines and Streamtubes	p. 603
10.7 Motion and Deformation	p. 607
10.8 Velocity Gradient	p. 612
10.9 Rate of Rotation	p. 619
10.10 Rate of Expansion	p. 635
10.11 Rate of Shear Deformation	p. 650
10.12 Summary	p. 653
Problems	p. 654
Chapter 11 Governing Equations of Fluid Dynamics
11.1 Introduction	p. 659
11.2 Continuity Equation	p. 660
11.3 Momentum Equation	p. 666
11.4 Constitutive Model for a Newtonian Fluid	p. 671
11.5 Navier-Stokes Equations	p. 678
11.6 Euler Equations	p. 683
11.7 The Energy Equation	p. 699
11.8 Discussion	p. 702
11.9 Summary	p. 708
Problems	p. 709
Chapter 12 Analysis of Incompressible Flow
12.1 Introduction	p. 713
12.2 Steady Viscous Flow	p. 718
12.3 Unsteady Viscous Flow	p. 744
12.4 Turbulent Flow	p. 754
12.5 Inviscid Irrotational Flow	p. 760
12.6 Summary	p. 780
Problems	p. 782
3 Applications
Chapter 13 Flow in Pipes and Ducts
13.1 Introduction	p. 791
13.2 Steady, Fully Developed Flow in a Pipe or Duct	p. 793
13.3 Analysis of Flow in Single Path Pipe and Duct Systems	p. 817
13.4 Analysis of Flow in Multiple Path Pipe and Duct Systems	p. 846
13.5 Elements of Pipe and Duct System Design	p. 851
13.6 Summary	p. 864
Problems	p. 867
Chapter 14 External Flow
14.1 Introduction	p. 882
14.2 Boundary Layers: Basic Concepts	p. 884
14.3 Drag: Basic Concepts	p. 902
14.4 Drag Coefficients	p. 905
14.5 Lift and Drag of Airfoils	p. 926
14.6 Summary	p. 933
Problems	p. 935
Chapter 15 Open Channel Flow
15.1 Introduction	p. 942
15.2 Basic Concepts in Open Channel Flow	p. 945
15.3 The Importance of the Froude Number	p. 952
15.4 Energy Conservation in Open Channel Flow	p. 978
15.5 Flow in a Channel of Uniform Depth	p. 989
15.6 Flow in a Channel with Gradually Varying Depth	p. 1003
15.7 Flow Under a Sluice Gate	p. 1003
15.8 Flow Over a Weir	p. 1009
15.9 Summary	p. 1012
Problems	p. 1014
Appendixes
Appendix A Fluid Property Data for Various Fluids	p. 1
Appendix B Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere	p. 1
Appendix C Unit Conversion Factors	p. 1
Credits	p. 1
Index	p. 1

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Author Notes

Table of Contents