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Summary
Summary
Physiological Assessment of Human Fitness, Second Edition , contains detailed descriptions of a range of accepted fitness assessment methods. This resource focuses on the general population, not just elite athletes.
Following in the footsteps of the highly successful first edition, Physiological Assessment of Human Fitness, Second Edition , summarizes the current scientific methods for assessment in areas such as:
-aerobic and anaerobic power;
-capacity for sustained exercise using blood lactate, respiratory markers, and heart rate markers;
-pulmonary gas exchange;
-mechanical power and strength;
-body composition;
-joint range of motion; and
-field testing of athletes.
The authors, highly respected exercise physiologists, have made significant changes in each chapter to provide up-to-date coverage of the topics and to offer complete descriptions of the techniques, procedures, and norms for accurate and effective fitness testing. In addition, the authors have included new chapters on the use of near-infrared spectrophotometry and the potential for heart rate variability in assessment. As a result, readers learn how to measure and interpret physiological changes resulting from different types of training programs for sport and for health improvement.
Physiological Assessment of Human Fitness, Second Edition , provides practical, detailed descriptions of a range of accepted laboratory and field methods for assessing human fitness. It is an invaluable reference for professionals and students involved in human fitness assessment, including exercise physiology practitioners, graduate students in exercise physiology, exercise science researchers, sports medicine practitioners, and human fitness evaluators.
Author Notes
Peter J. Maud has more than 30 years' experience in teaching exercise physiology, conducting exercise physiological research, and performing human fitness evaluation. Peter currently serves as academic head of the department of physical education, recreation and dance at New Mexico State University. He is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and a member of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. Peter received his PhD from the University of New Mexico in 1974.
Carl Foster is a professor of exercise and sport science at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse and director of the Human Performance Laboratory at UW-L. He has written extensively on laboratory methods in exercise physiology and on the prediction of exercise capacity in both athletic and clinical populations. Foster is the president of the American College of Sports Medicine, a former associate editor in chief of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, and a coeditor of ACSM's Health/Fitness Facility Standards and Guidelines. Since 1979, he has been coordinator of sports medicine and sport science for the U.S. International Speedskating Association. Carl received his PhD from the University of Texas at Austin in 1976.
Reviews 1
Choice Review
Fitness is a broad concept that is often defined in terms of health and/or the athletic competition context. Maud and Foster's objective is to provide comprehensive coverage of methods used for evaluation of fitness from both of these perspectives. The editors, both exercise physiologists, have brought together a group of very experienced health and sport scientists as chapter authors. They are generally well known experts in the field, and many serve on important editorial boards or have written extensively in the field. The chapters cover all the key areas of fitness evaluation, and each provides an appropriate overview as well as evaluation application methodology on relevant issues. The evaluation methods are current and are discussed in a readable format. Each chapter contains an extensive and useful reference list. A valuable guide for all interested in assessing health and fitness parameters. All levels. R. L. Jones; Pennsylvania State University, Hershey Medical Center
Table of Contents
Preface | p. vii |
1 Fitness Assessment Defined | p. 1 |
Historical Perspectives | p. 1 |
Energy Systems Approach | p. 3 |
Health Fitness | p. 4 |
Fitness Evaluation for Athletic Participation | p. 4 |
Perceptual Motor Domain | p. 7 |
Rationale for Text Test Items | p. 8 |
Summary | p. 8 |
2 Direct Determination of Aerobic Power | p. 9 |
Measurement of VO[subscript 2]max | p. 9 |
Criteria for Achievement of VO[subscript 2]max | p. 14 |
Reference Values | p. 16 |
Summary | p. 17 |
3 Indirect Methods for Estimation of Aerobic Power | p. 19 |
Indirect Estimation of VO[subscript 2]max Using Power Output or Velocity | p. 21 |
Determination of VO[subscript 2]max From Speed | p. 22 |
Determination of VO[subscript 2]max Using Nonexercise Measurements | p. 24 |
Estimation of VO[subscript 2]max Using Simple Calculations and the Critical Speed Concept | p. 26 |
Estimation of VO[subscript 2]max Using an Estimation of the Oxygen Cost of Running and Walking | p. 30 |
Estimation of VO[subscript 2]max Using a Heart Rate Monitor | p. 32 |
Estimation of VO[subscript 2]max From the Running or Walking Ascent of a Mountain | p. 34 |
Estimation of VO[subscript 2]max Using HR Variability at Rest | p. 35 |
Summary | p. 36 |
4 Heart Rate Variability: Measurement Methods and Practical Implications | p. 39 |
Control Mechanisms and the Conducting System | p. 39 |
Measurement Methods | p. 41 |
Practical Implications | p. 49 |
Practical Example | p. 54 |
Heart Rate Variability Measures in Coronary Heart Disease Morbidity and Mortality | p. 56 |
Summary | p. 61 |
5 Blood Lactate, Respiratory, and Heart Rate Markers on the Capacity for Sustained Exercise | p. 63 |
Relationship of Blood and Muscle Lactate | p. 64 |
Practical Significance of the Anaerobic Threshold | p. 66 |
Laboratory Approaches to Measurement | p. 66 |
Laboratory Concerns With Aerobic and Anaerobic Thresholds | p. 74 |
Summary | p. 75 |
6 Testing for Anaerobic Ability | p. 77 |
Measurement of Peak and Mean Anaerobic Power | p. 77 |
Performance-Based Peak Anaerobic Power Tests | p. 78 |
Performance-Based Mean Anaerobic Power Tests | p. 82 |
Testing Issues | p. 85 |
Accumulated O[subscript 2] Deficit | p. 88 |
Summary | p. 91 |
7 The Measurement of Human Mechanical Power | p. 93 |
Quantitative Foundation of Power Testing | p. 94 |
Testing Strategy and Test Results | p. 96 |
Instrumentation | p. 97 |
Specific Applications | p. 109 |
Summary | p. 118 |
8 Strength Training: Development and Evaluation of Methodology | p. 119 |
What Is Muscular Strength? | p. 119 |
Why Is Measurement of Strength Important? | p. 120 |
Physiological Adaptations Associated With Strength Training | p. 121 |
Testing Modalities | p. 123 |
Strength-Test Protocols for Repetition Maximums | p. 129 |
Isometric Testing | p. 131 |
Isokinetic Testing | p. 134 |
Overview of Testing Considerations | p. 139 |
Summary | p. 149 |
9 Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function | p. 151 |
Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function | p. 151 |
Needle Muscle Biopsy | p. 152 |
Processing Muscle Tissue | p. 153 |
Measures of Tissue Capillarity | p. 158 |
Fiber Cross-Sectional Area | p. 158 |
Protein Quantification Through Bradford or Lowry Methods | p. 163 |
Immunohistochemistry for Steroid Receptor Analysis | p. 165 |
Western Blotting for Steroid Receptor Analysis | p. 167 |
Summary | p. 169 |
10 The Utility of Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry in Athletic Assessment | p. 171 |
NIRS Instrumentation | p. 172 |
Principle of NIRS Measurement | p. 173 |
Summary | p. 183 |
11 Anthropometry and Body Composition Measurement | p. 185 |
Multicomponent Models | p. 186 |
Hydrostatic Weighing | p. 188 |
Air Displacement Plethysmography | p. 193 |
Anthropometry | p. 194 |
Bioelectric Impedance Analysis | p. 206 |
Ultrasound | p. 212 |
Dual-Energy Projection Methods | p. 215 |
Isotopic Dilution | p. 218 |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography | p. 219 |
Comparison Among Methods | p. 221 |
Normative Data | p. 224 |
Summary | p. 225 |
12 Static Techniques for the Evaluation of Joint Range of Motion and Muscle Length | p. 227 |
Rationale for Measurement of Flexibility | p. 228 |
Methods of Measurement | p. 228 |
Trunk Range of Motion | p. 233 |
Neck Range of Motion | p. 240 |
Upper Limb Range of Motion | p. 242 |
Lower Limb Range of Motion | p. 244 |
Muscle Length Tests | p. 246 |
Summary | p. 251 |
13 Field Testing of Athletes | p. 253 |
General Principles for the Field Laboratory | p. 254 |
Specific Field-Test Conditions and Consideration | p. 255 |
Measurement of Hemodynamics in the Field | p. 257 |
Measurement of Blood Lactate | p. 258 |
Other Useful Items for Your Traveling Laboratory | p. 258 |
Summary | p. 259 |
References | p. 261 |
Index | p. 300 |
About the Editors | p. 315 |