Cover image for Physiological assessment of human fitness
Title:
Physiological assessment of human fitness
Edition:
2nd ed.
Publication Information:
Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics, 2006
Physical Description:
viii, 319 p. : ill. ; 29 cm.
ISBN:
9780736046336

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30000010172721 QP301 P59 2006 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Physiological Assessment of Human Fitness, Second Edition , contains detailed descriptions of a range of accepted fitness assessment methods. This resource focuses on the general population, not just elite athletes.

Following in the footsteps of the highly successful first edition, Physiological Assessment of Human Fitness, Second Edition , summarizes the current scientific methods for assessment in areas such as:

-aerobic and anaerobic power;

-capacity for sustained exercise using blood lactate, respiratory markers, and heart rate markers;

-pulmonary gas exchange;

-mechanical power and strength;

-body composition;

-joint range of motion; and

-field testing of athletes.

The authors, highly respected exercise physiologists, have made significant changes in each chapter to provide up-to-date coverage of the topics and to offer complete descriptions of the techniques, procedures, and norms for accurate and effective fitness testing. In addition, the authors have included new chapters on the use of near-infrared spectrophotometry and the potential for heart rate variability in assessment. As a result, readers learn how to measure and interpret physiological changes resulting from different types of training programs for sport and for health improvement.

Physiological Assessment of Human Fitness, Second Edition , provides practical, detailed descriptions of a range of accepted laboratory and field methods for assessing human fitness. It is an invaluable reference for professionals and students involved in human fitness assessment, including exercise physiology practitioners, graduate students in exercise physiology, exercise science researchers, sports medicine practitioners, and human fitness evaluators.


Author Notes

Peter J. Maud has more than 30 years' experience in teaching exercise physiology, conducting exercise physiological research, and performing human fitness evaluation. Peter currently serves as academic head of the department of physical education, recreation and dance at New Mexico State University. He is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and a member of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. Peter received his PhD from the University of New Mexico in 1974.

Carl Foster is a professor of exercise and sport science at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse and director of the Human Performance Laboratory at UW-L. He has written extensively on laboratory methods in exercise physiology and on the prediction of exercise capacity in both athletic and clinical populations. Foster is the president of the American College of Sports Medicine, a former associate editor in chief of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, and a coeditor of ACSM's Health/Fitness Facility Standards and Guidelines. Since 1979, he has been coordinator of sports medicine and sport science for the U.S. International Speedskating Association. Carl received his PhD from the University of Texas at Austin in 1976.


Reviews 1

Choice Review

Fitness is a broad concept that is often defined in terms of health and/or the athletic competition context. Maud and Foster's objective is to provide comprehensive coverage of methods used for evaluation of fitness from both of these perspectives. The editors, both exercise physiologists, have brought together a group of very experienced health and sport scientists as chapter authors. They are generally well known experts in the field, and many serve on important editorial boards or have written extensively in the field. The chapters cover all the key areas of fitness evaluation, and each provides an appropriate overview as well as evaluation application methodology on relevant issues. The evaluation methods are current and are discussed in a readable format. Each chapter contains an extensive and useful reference list. A valuable guide for all interested in assessing health and fitness parameters. All levels. R. L. Jones; Pennsylvania State University, Hershey Medical Center


Table of Contents

Peter J. Maud, PhDJames A. Davis, PhDVeronique Billat, PhD and Philippe Lopes, PhDPhilippe Lopes, PhD and John White, PhDCarl Foster, PhD and Holly M. Cotter, MSPeter J. Maud, PhD and Joseph M. Berning, PhD and Carl Foster, PhD and Holly M. Cotter, MS and Christopher Dodge, MS and Jos J. deKoning, PhD and Floor J. Hettinga, MS and Joanne Lampen, MSEverett Harman, PhDWilliam J. Kraemer, PhD, FACSM, CSCS and Nicholas A. Ratamess, PhD, CSCS and Andrew C. Fry, PhD, CSCS and Duncan N. French, PhD, CSCSMichael McGuigan, PhD and Matthew Sharman, PhDKenneth W. Rundell, PhD and Joohee Im, MSJames E. Graves, PhD and Jill A. Kanaley, PhD and Linda Garzarella, MS and Michael L. Pollock, PhDPeter J. Maud, PhD and Kate M. Kerr, PhD, MCSPCarl Foster, PhD and Jack T. Daniels, PhD and Jos J. deKoning, PhD and Holly M. Cotter, MS
Prefacep. vii
1 Fitness Assessment Definedp. 1
Historical Perspectivesp. 1
Energy Systems Approachp. 3
Health Fitnessp. 4
Fitness Evaluation for Athletic Participationp. 4
Perceptual Motor Domainp. 7
Rationale for Text Test Itemsp. 8
Summaryp. 8
2 Direct Determination of Aerobic Powerp. 9
Measurement of VO[subscript 2]maxp. 9
Criteria for Achievement of VO[subscript 2]maxp. 14
Reference Valuesp. 16
Summaryp. 17
3 Indirect Methods for Estimation of Aerobic Powerp. 19
Indirect Estimation of VO[subscript 2]max Using Power Output or Velocityp. 21
Determination of VO[subscript 2]max From Speedp. 22
Determination of VO[subscript 2]max Using Nonexercise Measurementsp. 24
Estimation of VO[subscript 2]max Using Simple Calculations and the Critical Speed Conceptp. 26
Estimation of VO[subscript 2]max Using an Estimation of the Oxygen Cost of Running and Walkingp. 30
Estimation of VO[subscript 2]max Using a Heart Rate Monitorp. 32
Estimation of VO[subscript 2]max From the Running or Walking Ascent of a Mountainp. 34
Estimation of VO[subscript 2]max Using HR Variability at Restp. 35
Summaryp. 36
4 Heart Rate Variability: Measurement Methods and Practical Implicationsp. 39
Control Mechanisms and the Conducting Systemp. 39
Measurement Methodsp. 41
Practical Implicationsp. 49
Practical Examplep. 54
Heart Rate Variability Measures in Coronary Heart Disease Morbidity and Mortalityp. 56
Summaryp. 61
5 Blood Lactate, Respiratory, and Heart Rate Markers on the Capacity for Sustained Exercisep. 63
Relationship of Blood and Muscle Lactatep. 64
Practical Significance of the Anaerobic Thresholdp. 66
Laboratory Approaches to Measurementp. 66
Laboratory Concerns With Aerobic and Anaerobic Thresholdsp. 74
Summaryp. 75
6 Testing for Anaerobic Abilityp. 77
Measurement of Peak and Mean Anaerobic Powerp. 77
Performance-Based Peak Anaerobic Power Testsp. 78
Performance-Based Mean Anaerobic Power Testsp. 82
Testing Issuesp. 85
Accumulated O[subscript 2] Deficitp. 88
Summaryp. 91
7 The Measurement of Human Mechanical Powerp. 93
Quantitative Foundation of Power Testingp. 94
Testing Strategy and Test Resultsp. 96
Instrumentationp. 97
Specific Applicationsp. 109
Summaryp. 118
8 Strength Training: Development and Evaluation of Methodologyp. 119
What Is Muscular Strength?p. 119
Why Is Measurement of Strength Important?p. 120
Physiological Adaptations Associated With Strength Trainingp. 121
Testing Modalitiesp. 123
Strength-Test Protocols for Repetition Maximumsp. 129
Isometric Testingp. 131
Isokinetic Testingp. 134
Overview of Testing Considerationsp. 139
Summaryp. 149
9 Skeletal Muscle Structure and Functionp. 151
Skeletal Muscle Structure and Functionp. 151
Needle Muscle Biopsyp. 152
Processing Muscle Tissuep. 153
Measures of Tissue Capillarityp. 158
Fiber Cross-Sectional Areap. 158
Protein Quantification Through Bradford or Lowry Methodsp. 163
Immunohistochemistry for Steroid Receptor Analysisp. 165
Western Blotting for Steroid Receptor Analysisp. 167
Summaryp. 169
10 The Utility of Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry in Athletic Assessmentp. 171
NIRS Instrumentationp. 172
Principle of NIRS Measurementp. 173
Summaryp. 183
11 Anthropometry and Body Composition Measurementp. 185
Multicomponent Modelsp. 186
Hydrostatic Weighingp. 188
Air Displacement Plethysmographyp. 193
Anthropometryp. 194
Bioelectric Impedance Analysisp. 206
Ultrasoundp. 212
Dual-Energy Projection Methodsp. 215
Isotopic Dilutionp. 218
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomographyp. 219
Comparison Among Methodsp. 221
Normative Datap. 224
Summaryp. 225
12 Static Techniques for the Evaluation of Joint Range of Motion and Muscle Lengthp. 227
Rationale for Measurement of Flexibilityp. 228
Methods of Measurementp. 228
Trunk Range of Motionp. 233
Neck Range of Motionp. 240
Upper Limb Range of Motionp. 242
Lower Limb Range of Motionp. 244
Muscle Length Testsp. 246
Summaryp. 251
13 Field Testing of Athletesp. 253
General Principles for the Field Laboratoryp. 254
Specific Field-Test Conditions and Considerationp. 255
Measurement of Hemodynamics in the Fieldp. 257
Measurement of Blood Lactatep. 258
Other Useful Items for Your Traveling Laboratoryp. 258
Summaryp. 259
Referencesp. 261
Indexp. 300
About the Editorsp. 315