Emission detectors

Title:

Emission detectors

Personal Author:

Bolozdynya, Alexander I.

Publication Information:

New Jersey, NJ : World Scientific, 2010

Physical Description:

xiii, 209 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 24 cm.

ISBN:

9789812834058

Subject Term:

Chemical detectors

Gas-detectors

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010236788	TP159.C46 B65 2010	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

After decades of research and development, emission detectors have recently become the most successful instrumentation used in modern fundamental experiments searching for cold dark matter, and are also considered for neutrino coherent scattering and magnetic momentum neutrino measurement. This book is the first monograph exclusively dedicated to emission detectors. Properties of two-phase working media based on noble gases, saturated hydrocarbon, ion crystals and semiconductors are reviewed.

Foreword	p. vii
Preface	p. ix
1 Hetero-phase Detectors and History of Development of Emission Detectors	p. 1
1.1 Photo-emission detectors	p. 1
1.2 Cloud chambers	p. 2
1.3 Bubble chambers	p. 3
1.4 Electron emission detectors	p. 7
2 Emission of Charge Carriers from Working Media of Emission Detectors	p. 9
2.1 Electron emission from metals	p. 9
2.1.1 Field emission	p. 10
2.1.2 Thermionic emission	p. 12
2.1.3 Photo-electron emission	p. 13
2.1.4 Electron emission into gas	p. 15
2.2 Electron emission from semiconductors	p. 16
2.3 Electron emission from dielectrics	p. 18
2.3.1 Electron states in non-polar dielectrics	p. 21
2.3.2 Thermal electron emission from non-polar dielectrics	p. 27
2.3.3 Hot electron emission from non-polar dielectrics	p. 29
2.3.4 Electron emission from localised states in light noble liquids	p. 31
2.4 Charge carrier emission due to liquid surface instability	p. 34
2.4.1 Stability of charged liquid interface	p. 34
2.4.2 Stability of non-charged dielectric liquid interface	p. 36
2.4.3 Ion emission from dielectric liquids	p. 37
3 Generation of Signals in Massive Emission Detectors	p. 41
3.1 Dissipation of energy deposited by radiation	p. 42
3.1.1 Charged particles and gamma radiation	p. 42
3.1.2 Nuclear recoils	p. 46
3.1.3 Fluctuations of ionization yield	p. 49
3.2 Transfer of charge carriers through non-polar dielectrics	p. 51
3.2.1 Drift of electrons	p. 53
3.2.2 Drift of ions	p. 56
3.2.3 Drift of holes	p. 57
3.2.4 Lifetime of charge carriers	p. 58
3.2.5 Influence of admixes	p. 64
3.3 Transfer of charge carriers at interfaces	p. 67
3.4 Detection of photons	p. 69
3.4.1 Collection	p. 70
3.4.2 Photo-detectors	p. 78
3.5 Amplification of signals in rarefied phases	p. 86
3.5.1 Electron multiplication	p. 86
3.5.2 Electroluminescence of noble gases	p. 90
3.6 Detection of signals in cryogenic solids	p. 92
4 Emission Ionization Chambers	p. 94
4.1 Emission ionization chambers using heavy noble gases	p. 94
4.2 Liquid helium emission ionization chambers	p. 98
4.3 Emission ionization chambers using organic liquids	p. 100
5 Emission Detectors with Physical Amplification of Signals	p. 103
5.1 Emission detectors with acceleration of electrons in vacuum	p. 104
5.2 Emission detectors with gas gain	p. 107
5.3 Emission detectors with light amplification	p. 112
5.4 On the possibility of amplification using transition-edge sensors	p. 117
6 Imaging Emission Detectors	p. 118
6.1 Analogue imaging cameras	p. 118
6.1.1 Emission spark chamber	p. 119
6.1.2 Emission streamer chambers	p. 120
6.2 Digital imaging detectors	p. 124
6.2.1 Electroluminescence emission camera	p. 126
6.2.2 Emission time-projection chambers	p. 130
7 Emission Detectors for Low-background Experiments	p. 140
7.1 Wall-less emission detectors	p. 140
7.1.1 XENON-10 and XENON-100 detectors	p. 143
7.1.2 LUX detector	p. 147
7.1.3 Next generation of wall-less emission detectors	p. 149
7.2 Identification of radiation in emission detectors	p. 149
7.2.1 Scintillation signal wave-form analyses	p. 150
7.2.2 Multi-response analyses	p. 151
7.2.3 Analysing topology of events	p. 152
8 Applications of Emission Detectors	p. 155
8.1 Detection of weakly ionizing particles	p. 156
8.1.1 Tracking particles with minimal ionization power	p. 157
8.1.2 Detecting cold dark matter	p. 158
8.2 Neutrino detectors	p. 171
8.2.1 Measurement of magnetic moment	p. 172
8.2.2 Measurement of coherent scattering	p. 174
8.2.3 Detection of neutrinos from the sun	p. 175
8.3 Double beta-decay detectors	p. 178
8.3.1 Positron double-beta decay	p. 179
8.3.2 Electron double-beta decay	p. 181
8.4 Imaging radiation fields	p. 182
8.4.1 Emission camera for SPECT	p. 182
8.4.2 Compton camera	p. 183
8.4.3 Neutron imaging	p. 185
Bibliography	p. 187
Index	p. 207

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