Regional and urban GIS : a decision support approach

This unique text shows students and professionals how geographic information systems (GIS) can guide decision making about complex community and environmental problems. The authors' step-by-step introduction to GIS-based decision analysis methods and techniques covers important urban and regional issues (land, transportation, and water resource management) and decision processes (planning, improvement programming, and implementation). Real-world case studies demonstrate how GIS-based decision support works in a variety of contexts, with a special focus on community and regional sustainability management. Ideal for course use, the book reinforces key concepts with end-of-chapter review questions; illustrations include 18 color plates.

Author Notes

Timothy L. Nyerges is Professor of Geography and Affiliate Professor of the Water Center at the University of Washington.
Piotr Jankowski is Professor of Geography and Co-Director of the Center for Earth Systems Analysis Reseatch at San Diego State University.

List of Tables, Figures, and Plates	p. xiii
Part I Situating GIS-Based Decision Support
Chapter 1 introduction: Need for Geographic Information Systems in Decision Support	p. 3
1.1 Perspectives on GIS: A Decision Support Approach	p. 5
1.1.1 GISystems	p. 5
1.1.2 GIScience	p. 6
1.1.3 GIServices	p. 7
1.1.4 GIS as Decision Support Systems	p. 7
1.2 Decision Support in Land, Transportation, and Water Resource Management	p. 8
1.3 Overview of the Book	p. 11
1.4 Summary	p. 12
1.5 Review Questions	p. 13
Chapter 2 GIS in Decision Support Situations	p. 15
2.1 Conventional Approaches to Decision Support Situations	p. 15
2.1.1 Planning-Focused Decision Situations	p. 16
2.1.2 Improvement Programming-Focused Decision Situations	p. 19
2.1.3 Implementation-Focused Decision Situations	p. 20
2.2 Growth Management around the United States	p. 23
2.3 Comparing Growth Management and Sustainability Management	p. 28
2.4 Integrated Perspectives on Planning, Programming, and Implementation Decision Support	p. 31
2.5 Summary	p. 35
2.6 Review Questions	p. 36
Chapter 3 GIS Decision Support Methods and Workflow	p. 38
3.1 Overview of GIS Capabilities	p. 39
3.1.1 Geocoding Tools	p. 40
3.1.2 Data Management Tools	p. 41
3.1.3 Map Visualization Tools	p. 41
3.1.4 Feature Analysis Tools	p. 42
3.1.5 Grid Analysis Tools	p. 42
3.1.6 Network Analysis Tools	p. 43
3.2 Workflow in GIS Projects	p. 43
3.2.1 Basic Workflow for a GIS Project	p. 44
3.2.2 Nuanced Worfeflow for a GIS Project	p. 48
3.2.3 Synthesizing Basic and Nuanced Workflows	p. 61
3.3 Summary	p. 65
3.4 Review Questions	p. 65
Chapter 4 GIS-Based Decision Situation Assessment	p. 67
4.1 Characterizing Complex Decision Problems	p. 67
4.2 Decision Situation Assessment for a GIS Project	p. 70
4.2.1 Decision Situation Assessment Using a General Approach	p. 72
4.2.2 Decision Situation Assessment by Phases	p. 74
4.2.3 Decision Situation Assessment by Constructs within a Phase	p. 75
4.2.4 Decision Situation Assessment by Phases-Constructs-Asgects	p. 78
4.3 Summary	p. 84
4.4 Review Questions	p. 85
Part II Fundamentals of GIS Data and Analysis for Decision Support
Chapter 5 Making Choices about Geospatial Database Development	p. 89
5.1 Data, lnformation, Evidence, and Knowledge: A Comparison	p. 89
5.2 Data Models: The Core of GIS Data Management	p. 91
5.2.1 Conceptual Data Models	p. 91
5.2.2 Logical Data Models	p. 95
5.2.3 Physical Data Models	p. 100
5.3 Database Design Activity for Green County Functional Planning	p. 101
5.3.1 Conceptual Design of a Database Model	p. 103
5.3.2 Logical Design of a Database Model	p. 110
5.3.3 Physical Design ofaDatabase Model	p. 111
5.4 Summary	p. 112
5.5 Review Questions	p. 114
Chapter 6 Fundamentals of GIS-Based Data Analysis for Decision Support	p. 115
6.1 Information Needs Motivate Data Development and Data Operations	p. 116
6.2 Framework for Organizing and Selecting GIS Data Analysis Operations	p. 117
6.3 Information Needs, Data Requirements, and Data Operations in Green County Data Analysis	p. 124
6.3.1 Representation Model Workflow	p. 124
6.3.2 Process Model Workflow	p. 125
6.3.3 Scenario Model Workflow	p. 129
6.3.4 Change Model Workflow	p. 130
6.3.5 Impact Model Workflow	p. 131
6.3.6 Decision Model Workflow	p. 132
6.4 Summary	p. 134
6.5 Review Questions	p. 134
Chapter 7 Making Choires about GIS-Based Multicriteria Evaluation	p. 136
7.1 Data Standardization in MCE	p. 137
7.2 Transformation of Decision-Maker Preferences into Wetghts	p. 138
7.2.1 Ranking	p. 139
7.2.2 Rating	p. 140
7.2.3 Pairwise Comparison	p. 140
7.3 Decision Rules in MCE	p. 145
7.3.1 Weighted Linear Combination Decision Rule	p. 145
7.3.2 Ideal Point Decision Rule	p. 146
7.4 Sensitivity Analysis in MCE	p. 149
7.5 MCE of Site Alternatives for Green County Wastewater Facility	p. 150
7.5.1 Stakeholder Perspectives on Siting a Green County Wastewater Facility	p. 151
7.5.2 Stakeholder Perspectives and Objectives for Interpreting Criteria Data Values	p. 155
7.5.3 Criteria Data Values Used for Site Ranking	p. 156
7.6 Summary	p. 158
7.7 Review Questions	p. 158
Part III Planning, Programming, and Implementation Decision Cases
Chapter 8 GIS Data Analysis for Planning Decision Support	p. 163
8.1 Overview of Planning-Level Analysis Workflow	p. 163
8.2 Comparative Perspectives on Planning-Level Analysis	p. 165
8.2.1 Comparing Land Use Planning Analysis Workflow	p. 165
8.2.2 Comparing Transportation Planning Analysis Workflow	p. 170
8.2.3 Comparing Water Resource Planning Analysis Workflow	p. 176
8.3 Summary	p. 186
8.4 Review Questions	p. 187
Chapter 9 A Case Study in Water Resource Planning Decision Support	p. 189
9.1 Background on a Water Resource Planning Decision Problem	p. 189
9.2 Workflow Task Model to Guide the Analysis	p. 191
9.3 Summary	p. 194
9.4 Review Questions	p. 195
Chapter 10 GIS Data Analysis for Improvement Programming Decision Support	p. 196
10.1 Overview of the Workflow for Improvement Programming GIS-Based Analysis	p. 197
10.2 Comparative Perspectives in Improvement Programming Decision Situations	p. 198
10.3 Improvement Programming Case Studies	p. 200
10.3.2 Affordable Housing Development as Land Use Improvement Programming	p. 201
10.3.2 Transportation Improvement Programming	p. 205
10.3.3 Water Resources Improvement Programming	p. 207
10.4 Summary	p. 214
10.5 Review Questions	p. 215
Chapter 11 GIS Data Analysis for Improvement Project Implementation Decision Support	p. 216
11.1 Overview of Project Implementation Analysis Workflow	p. 216
11.2 Comparative Perspectives on Project Implementation Analysis	p. 218
11.2.1 Scoping Process	p. 218
11.2.2 Designing Process	p. 222
11.2.3 Building Process	p. 222
11.3 Land Development in Camden County, Georgia: A Case Study	p. 224
11.3.1 Background	p. 224
22.3.2 Workflow	p. 225
11.4 Summary	p. 231
11.5 Review Questions	p. 231
Part IV Using GIS for Integrated Decision Support
Chapter 12 GIS-Based Integrated Analysis across Functional Themes	p. 235
12.1 Work Plans for Integrated Watershed Planning Analysis	p. 235
12.1.1 Overview of a Watershed Planning Decision Problem	p. 236
12.1.2 Work Plan for Integrated Data Analysis for Watershed Planning	p. 237
12.2 Work Plans for Integrated Transportation Improvement Programming Analysis	p. 239
12.2.1 Overview of Land Use and Transportation Concurrency Management Decision Problem	p. 239
12.2.2 Work Plan for Land Use and Transportation Concurrency Management	p. 239
12.3 Work Plans for GIS-Based Integrated Analysis for Improvement Projects	p. 242
12.3.1 Background on the Decision Problem about Land Use, Transportation, and Water Resources	p. 242
12.3.2 Decision Work Plan	p. 242
12.4 Summary	p. 247
12.5 Review Questions	p. 247
Chapter 13 Linking Analyses across Decision Situation Processes	p. 249
13.1 Linked Analysis for Planning-Level and Programming-Level Decision Situations	p. 251
13.2 Linked Analysis for Programming-Level and Implementation-Level Decision Situations	p. 255
13.3 Challenges in Linked Analysis: The Sustainability Analysis Challenge	p. 264
13.4 Summary	p. 268
13.5 Review Questions	p. 269
Part V Concluding Perspective
Chapter 14 Perspectives on GIS and Sustainability Management	p. 273
14.1 Decision Situation Assessment	p. 273
14.2 Growth Management Perspective	p. 274
14.3 Perspectives on Sustainability Management	p. 276
14.4 Overall Implications for GIS-Oriented Activity	p. 279
14.5 Review Questions	p. 281
References	p. 283
Index	p. 295
About the Authors	p. 299

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