Cover image for Ground-based wireless positioning
Title:
Ground-based wireless positioning
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Series:
IEEE Press series on digital & mobile communication

IEEE series on mobile & digital communication
Publication Information:
Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2009
Physical Description:
xvi, 431 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.
ISBN:
9780470747049
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30000010252790 TK5105.65 Y8 2009 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Ground Based Wireless Positioning provides an in-depth treatment of non-GPS based wireless positioning techniques, with a balance between theory and engineering practice. The book presents the architecture, design and testing of a variety of wireless positioning systems based on the time-of-arrival, signal strength, and angle-of-arrival measurements. These techniques are essential for developing accurate wireless positioning systems which can operate reliably in both indoor and outdoor environments where the Global Positioning System (GPS) proves to be inadequate. The book covers a wide range of issues including radio propagation, parameter identification, statistical signal processing, optimization, and localization in large and multi-hop networks. A comprehensive study on the state-of-the-art techniques and methodologies in wireless positioning and tracking is provided, including anchor-based and anchor-free localisation in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The authors address real world issues such as multipath, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, accuracy limitations and measurement errors.

Presenting the latest advances in the field, Ground Based Wireless Positioning is one of the first books to cover non-GPS based technologies for wireless positioning. It serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and engineers specialising in the fields of localization and tracking, and wireless sensor networks.

Provides a comprehensive treatment of methodologies and algorithms for positioning and tracking Includes practical issues and case studies in designing real wireless positioning systems Explains non-line-of-sight (NLOS) radio propagation and NLOS mitigation techniques Balances solid theory with engineering practice of non-GPS wireless systems


Author Notes

Dr Kegen Yu received a BEng degree from Jilin University, China, a MEng degree from the Australian National University, Australia, and a PhD degree from the University of Sydney, Australia, in 1983, 1999 and 2003 respectively. From 1983 to 1997 he worked as a practicing engineer and later a lecturer at Nanchang University, China. From 2003 to 2005 he was employed as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland, researching on wireless positioning and communications theory. Since November 2005 he has served as a Research Scientist at CSIRO working on ad hoc wireless positioning systems, wireless sensor networks and reconfigurable radio. Kegen has published three book chapters, and over 40 refereed journal and conference papers.

Ian Sharp is a Senior Consultant on wireless positioning systems. He has over 30 years of engineering experience in radio systems. His initial involvement in positioning technology was in aviation and later, in the 1980s, with the Interscan microwave landing system (MLS). In the later 1980s to the early 1990s, Ian was the R&D manager for the Quiktrak covert vehicle tracking system. This system is now commercially operating worldwide. From the mid 1990s to 2007 Ian worked at the CSIROmainly on developing experimental radio systems. Hewas the inventor and architect designer of CSIRO's precision location system (PLS) for sports applications. The PLS has been successfully trialed in Australia and the USA. Ian holds a number of patents relating to positioning technology.

Professor Y Jay Guo is the Director of the Wireless Technologies Laboratory and Theme Leader of Broadband for Australia in the CSIRO ICT Centre, Australia. Prior to this appointment in August 2005, Jay held various senior positions in the European wireless industry managing the development of advanced technologies for the third-generation (3G) mobile communications systems. Jay has over 20 years of industrial and academic experience in antennas, signal processing and wireless networks. He has published three technical books and over 100 scientific papers in top-tier research journals and at international conferences. He holds 12 patents in wireless technologies. He is a Fellow of IET, Adjunct Professor at Macquarie University, Australia, and Guest Professor at the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS).


Table of Contents

Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction to Radio Positioning
1.2 Short and Medium Range Radiolocation Technologies
1.3 Overview of the Book
Chapter 2
2.1 Statistical Multipath Theory
2.2 Radio Propagation Characteristics at Different Distance Scales
2.3 Measurements
2.4 Excess Delays in Radio Propagation
2.5 Antenna Effects
Chapter 3
3.1 Transmitter Signal
3.2 Receiver Signal Processing
Chapter 4
4.1 Wideband Multipath Theorem
4.2 Bandlimited Correlogram Characteristics
4.3 Model of Bandlimited Correlogram
4.4 Peak Tracking Algorithm Performance
4.5 Leading Edge Projection Tracking Algorithm
4.6 Leading Edge Ratio Algorithm
4.7 Multipath Phase
4.8 Performance Summary of Tracking Algorithms
Chapter 5
5.1 Navigation Systems and Tracking Systems
5.2 System Architecture
5.3 Overview of Position Determination
5.4 Indoor Performance Issues
Chapter 6
6.1 Basic Positioning Methods
6.2 Linearization Based LS Methods
6.3 Spherical Interpolation Approach
6.4 Quasi-LS Solution
6.5 Linear-Correction LS Approach
Chapter 7
7.1 Iterative Algorithms
7.2 Filtering Based Methods
7.3 Data Smoothing
Chapter 8
8.1 Accuracy Measures
8.2 CRLB in LOS Conditions
8.3 Derivation of CRLB in NLOS Conditions
8.4 Approximate Variance of Linear LS Algorithm
8.5 Accuracy Comparison
Annex 8.A Components of the FIM
Chapter 9
9.1 Geometric Error Analysis
9.2 Statistical Error Analysis
9.3 Calculation of GDOP
9.4 Accuracy Probabilities
9.5 Special Cases - Analytical Solutions to GDOP
9.6 GDOP Performance
Chapter 10
10.1 Residual Weighting-Based Method
10.2 Filtering-Based Method
10.3 Constrained Optimization
10.4 Scatterer-Based Method
10.5 Error Statistics
10.6 Propagation Model Based Method
10.7 Pattern Matching
10.8 Performance Analysis
Annex 10.A Sequential Quadratic Programming Algorithm
Annex 10.B Equation Coefficients
Chapter 11
11.1 Characteristics of Wireless Sensor Networks
11.2 Coarse Localization Methods
11.3 Global Localization Methods
11.4 Localization with Unknown Internal Delays and Clock Offsets
Chapter 12
12.1 Impact of Anchor Location Accuracy on Sensor Node Localization
12.2 LOS and NLOS Propagation Models
12.3 Anchor Position Accuracy Bound
12.4 Accuracy Improvement Based on Distance and Angle Estimates
12.5 Accuracy Improvement Based on Distance Estimates
Annex 12.A Definition of Matrix and Vector in LOS Conditions
Annex 12.B Definition of Matrix and Vector in NLOS Conditions
Chapter 13
13.1 Robust Quads
13.2 Multidimensional Scaling Method
13.3 Mass-Spring Model
13.4 Hybrid Approach
13.5 Graphical Model
13.6 Clustering and Stitching
13.7 Referent Coordinate System Establishment
13.8 Cramer-Rao Lower Bound
13.9 Accuracy of Location Estimates
13.10 Distance Error Based Accuracy Measure
13.11 Accuracy Evaluation
Chapter 14
14.1 Data Smoothing
14.2 Distribution Tests
14.3 Calculating Level Crossing Rate and Fade Duration
14.4 Estimating Rician Factor
14.5 Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test
14.6 Non-Parametric Method
14.7 Using Intermediate Location Estimation
14.8 Neyman-Pearson Test
14.9 Joint TOA and RSS Based Approaches
14.10 Angle-of-Arrival Based Methods
Annex 14.A Proofs of Theorems and Corollary
Annex 14.B Derivation of the Probability of Detection
Appendix A Hyperbolic Navigation
A.1 Analytical Equations of a Hyperbola
A.2 Solution to Hyperbolic Navigation
A.3 Solution to Example Problem
Appendix B Radio Propagation Measurement Techniques
B.1 Measurements with a Network Analyser
B.2 Time Domain Measurements