Decision Making in the Manufacturing Environment Using Graph Theory and Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods

Recent worldwide advances in manufacturing technologies led to a metamorphism in the industry. Fast-changing technologies on the product front have created a need for an equally fast response from manufacturing industries, who select manufacturing strategies, product designs, manufacturing processes, and machinery and equipment. Decision makers have the problem of assessing a range of options and selecting one based on conflicting criteria.

This book shows how graph theory and matrix approach, and fuzzy multiple attribute decision making methods can be used in manufacturing. Part I introduces the decision making situations in the manufacturing environment and presents decision making methods; Part II uses case studies to illustrate the applications of these methods in real manufacturing situations.

This book will interest designers, manufacturing engineers, practitioners, managers, institutes involved in design and manufacturing related projects, researchers, academics, and graduates in this field.

Author Notes

Dr R. Venkata Rao is a Professor and the Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, India. Dr Rao's research interests include advanced manufacturing technology, CAD/CAM, CIMS, fuzzy multiple attribute decision making methods, and non-traditional optimization methods.

Part 1 Introduction to Decision Making
1 Introduction to Decision Making in the Manufacturing Environment	p. 3
1.1 Introduction	p. 3
1.2 Decision-making Methods Used	p. 5
2 Graph Theory and Matrix Approach as a Decision-making Method	p. 7
2.1 Introduction	p. 7
2.2 Machinability Attributes Digraph	p. 8
2.3 Matrix Representation of the Digraph	p. 10
2.4 Machinability Index	p. 19
2.5 Identification and Comparison of Work Materials	p. 21
2.5.1 Identification of Work Materials	p. 21
2.5.2 Comparison of Work Materials	p. 22
2.6 Methodology of GTMA as a Decision-making Method	p. 23
References	p. 24
3 Introduction to Multiple Attribute Decision-making (MADM) Methods	p. 27
3.1 Introduction	p. 27
3.2 Multiple Attribute Decision-making Methods	p. 28
3.2.1 Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Method	p. 28
3.2.2 Weighted Product Method (WPM)	p. 29
3.2.3 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method	p. 29
3.2.4 Revised Analytic Hierarchy Process (RAHP) Method	p. 32
3.2.5 Multiplicative Analytic Hierarchy Process (MAHP) Method	p. 32
3.2.6 TOPSIS Method	p. 32
3.2.6.1 Entropy Method	p. 34
3.2.6.2 Standard Deviation Method	p. 35
3.2.6.3 AHP Method	p. 35
3.2.7 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 35
3.2.8 Compromise Ranking Method (VIKOR)	p. 36
3.3 Sensitivity Analysis	p. 37
3.4 Group Decision Making (GDM)	p. 38
References	p. 39
4 A Logical Approach to Fuzzy MADM Problems	p. 43
4.1 Introduction	p. 43
4.2 Method Proposed by Chen and Hwang (1992	p. 44
4.2.1 Converting Linguistic Terms to Fuzzy Numbers	p. 44
4.2.2 Converting Fuzzy Numbers to Crisp Scores	p. 44
4.3 Demonstration of the Method	p. 45
References	p. 49
Part 2 Applications of GTMA and Fuzzy MADM Methods in the Manufacturing Environment
5 Material Selection for a Given Engineering Application	p. 53
5.1 Introduction	p. 53
5.2 Examples	p. 55
5.2.1 Example 1	p. 56
5.2.1.1 Application of GTMA	p. 56
5.2.1.2 SAW Method	p. 58
5.2.1.3 WPM	p. 59
5.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 59
5.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 61
5.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 62
5.2.1.7 VIKOR	p. 63
5.2.2 Example 2	p. 64
5.2.2.1 Application of GTMA	p. 64
5.2.2.2 SAW Method	p. 65
5.2.2.3 WPM	p. 66
5.2.2.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 66
5.2.2.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 67
5.2.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 67
References	p. 68
6 Evaluation of Product Designs	p. 71
6.1 Introduction	p. 71
6.2 Example	p. 74
6.2.1 GTMA	p. 74
6.2.2 AHP Method	p. 76
6.2.3 TOPSIS Method	p. 77
6.2.4 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 79
References	p. 79
7 Machinability Evaluation of Work Materials	p. 81
7.1 Introduction	p. 81
7.2 Examples	p. 84
7.2.1 Example 1	p. 84
7.2.1.1 Application of GTMA	p. 85
7.2.1.2 SAW Method	p. 87
7.2.1.3 WPM	p. 87
7.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 88
7.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 88
7.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 89
7.2.2 Example 2	p. 90
7.2.2.1 Application of SAW Method	p. 90
7.2.2.2 WPM	p. 91
7.2.2.3 AHP and its Versions	p. 91
7.2.2.4 TOPSIS Method	p. 92
7.2.2.5 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 93
References	p. 93
8 Cutting Fluid Selection for a Given Machining Application	p. 97
8.1 Introduction	p. 97
8.2 Examples	p. 103
8.2.1 Example 1	p. 103
8.2.1.1 Application of GTMA	p. 104
8.2.1.2 SAW Method	p. 105
8.2.1.3 WPM	p. 106
8.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 106
8.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 107
8.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 108
8.2.2 Example 2	p. 109
8.2.2.1 GTMA	p. 109
8.2.2.2 SAW Method	p. 110
8.2.2.3 WPM	p. 111
8.2.2.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 111
8.2.2.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 111
8.2.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 112
References	p. 112
9 Evaluation and Selection of Modern Machining Methods	p. 115
9.1 Introduction	p. 115
9.2 Examples	p. 117
9.2.1 Example 1	p. 117
9.2.1.1 GTMA	p. 117
9.2.1.2 SAW Method	p. 119
9.2.1.3 WPM	p. 120
9.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 120
9.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 121
9.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 121
9.2.2 Example 2	p. 121
9.2.2.1 GTMA	p. 122
9.2.2.2 TOPSIS Method	p. 123
9.2.2.3 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 124
References	p. 124
10 Evaluation of Flexible Manufacturing Systems	p. 125
10.1 Introduction	p. 125
10.2 Examples	p. 127
10.2.1 Example 1	p. 127
10.2.1.1 Application of GTMA	p. 128
10.2.1.2 AHP and its Versions	p. 130
10.2.2 Example 2	p. 131
10.2.2.1 Application of GTMA	p. 132
10.2.2.2 AHP and its Versions	p. 133
10.2.2.3 TOPSIS & Modified TOPSIS Methods	p. 134
10.2.2.4 Compromise Ranking Method (VIKOR)	p. 134
References	p. 135
11 Machine Selection in a Flexible Manufacturing Cell	p. 139
11.1 Introduction	p. 139
11.2 Example	p. 141
11.2.1 Application of GTMA	p. 142
11.2.2 SAW Method	p. 144
11.2.3 WPM	p. 145
11.2.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 145
11.2.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 146
11.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 146
References	p. 147
12 Failure Cause Analysis of Machine Tools	p. 149
12.1 Introduction	p. 149
12.2 Identifying Contributing Events of a Failure Cause	p. 154
12.3 MTFCD and its Matrix Representation	p. 156
12.4 General Machine Tool Failure Causality Function	p. 158
12.5 Machine Tool Failure Cause Evaluation	p. 160
12.6 Machine Tool Failure Cause Analysis	p. 162
12.7 Methodology	p. 163
12.8 Summary	p. 164
References	p. 165
13 Robot Selection for a Given Industrial Application	p. 169
13.1 Introduction	p. 169
13.2 Examples	p. 171
13.2.1 Example 1	p. 172
13.2.1.1 Application of GTMA	p. 172
13.2.1.2 SAW Method	p. 173
13.2.1.3 WPM	p. 173
13.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 174
13.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 174
13.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 175
13.2.2 Example 2	p. 176
13.2.2.1 Application of GTMA	p. 176
13.2.2.2 AHP and its Versions	p. 177
References	p. 178
14 Selection of Automated Inspection Systems	p. 181
14.1 Introduction	p. 181
14.2 Example	p. 182
14.2.1 Application of GTMA	p. 182
14.2.2 AHP and its Versions	p. 185
14.2.3 TOPSIS Method	p. 186
14.2.4 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 186
References	p. 186
15 Selection of Material Handling Equipment	p. 187
15.1 Introduction	p. 187
15.2 Example	p. 191
15.2.1 Application of GTMA	p. 191
15.2.2 SAW Method	p. 192
15.2.3 WPM	p. 193
15.2.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 193
15.2.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 193
15.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 194
References	p. 194
16 Selection of Rapid Prototyping Process in Rapid Product Development	p. 197
16.1 Introduction	p. 197
16.2 Example	p. 200
16.2.1 Application of GTMA	p. 201
16.2.2 SAW Method	p. 203
16.2.3 WPM	p. 204
16.2.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 204
16.2.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 205
16.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 205
16.2.7 VIKOR	p. 206
References	p. 206
17 Selection of Software in Manufacturing Industries	p. 209
17.1 Introduction	p. 209
17.2 Example	p. 211
17.3 General Remarks	p. 213
References	p. 213
18 Welding Process Selection for a Given Application	p. 215
18.1 Introduction	p. 215
18.2 Example	p. 216
18.2.1 GTMA	p. 216
18.2.2 SAW Method	p. 218
18.2.3 WPM	p. 218
18.2.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 218
18.2.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 219
References	p. 219
19 Geometric Moldability Analysis of Parts	p. 221
19.1 Introduction	p. 221
19.2 Example	p. 224
19.2.1 GTMA	p. 225
19.2.2 SAW Method	p. 226
19.2.3 AHP Method	p. 226
19.2.4 TOPSIS Method	p. 227
19.2.5 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 228
19.3 General Remarks	p. 228
References	p. 228
20 Evaluation of Metal Stamping Layouts	p. 231
20.1 Introduction	p. 231
20.2 Example	p. 233
20.2.1 Application of GTMA	p. 234
20.2.2 SAW Method	p. 236
20.2.3 WPM	p. 236
20.2.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 237
20.2.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 238
20.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 238
References	p. 239
21 Selection of Forging Conditions for Forging a Given Component	p. 243
21.1 Introduction	p. 243
21.2 Example	p. 248
21.2.1 GTMA	p. 248
21.2.2 SAW Method	p. 249
21.2.3 WPM	p. 250
21.2.4 AHP Method	p. 250
21.2.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 250
21.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 251
References	p. 251
22 Evaluation of Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing Programs	p. 255
22.1 Introduction	p. 255
22.2 Example	p. 257
22.2.1 GTMA	p. 258
22.2.2 SAW Method	p. 259
22.2.3 AHP and its Versions	p. 260
22.2.4 TOPSIS Method	p. 260
22.2.5 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 261
References	p. 262
23 Environmental Impact Assessment of Manufacturing Processes	p. 265
23.1 Introduction	p. 265
23.2 Example	p. 268
23.2.1 GTMA	p. 270
23.2.2 AHP Method	p. 271
23.2.3 TOPSIS Method	p. 272
23.2.4 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 274
References	p. 274
24 Evaluation of Aggregate Risk in Green Manufacturing	p. 277
24.1 Introduction	p. 277
24.2 Example	p. 280
24.2.1 GTMA	p. 280
24.2.2 AHP Method	p. 281
24.2.3 TOPSIS Method	p. 282
24.2.4 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 282
References	p. 283
25 Selection of Best Product End-of-Life Scenario	p. 285
25.1 Introduction	p. 285
25.2 Example	p. 288
25.2.1 GTMA	p. 289
25.2.2 SAW Method	p. 290
25.2.3 WPM	p. 290
25.2.4 TOPSIS Method	p. 291
25.2.5 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 291
25.2.6 Compromise Ranking Method (VIKOR)	p. 292
References	p. 292
26 Integrated Project Evaluation and Selection	p. 295
26.1 Introduction	p. 295
26.2 Example	p. 299
26.2.1 WPM	p. 301
26.2.2 TOPSIS Method	p. 301
26.2.3 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 302
References	p. 303
27 Facility Location Selection	p. 305
27.1 Introduction	p. 305
27.2 Examples	p. 306
27.2.1 Example 1	p. 306
27.2.1.1 GTMA	p. 306
27.2.1.2 SAW Method	p. 308
27.2.1.3 WPM	p. 308
27.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 309
27.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 309
27.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 310
27.2.2 Example 2	p. 310
27.2.2.1 GTMA	p. 311
27.2.2.2 AHP and its Versions	p. 312
References	p. 312
28 Operational Performance Evaluation of Competing Companies	p. 315
28.1 Introduction	p. 315
28.2 Example	p. 316
28.2.1 Application of GTMA	p. 317
28.2.2 SAW Method	p. 318
28.2.3 WPM	p. 318
28.2.4 AHP and its Versions	p. 318
28.2.5 TOPSIS Method	p. 319
28.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 319
References	p. 319
29 Vendor Selection in a Supply Chain Environment	p. 321
29.1 Introduction	p. 321
29.2 Example 1	p. 323
29.2.1 GTMA	p. 324
29.2.2 TOPSIS Method	p. 326
29.3 Genetic Algorithms	p. 329
29.4 Proposed Methodology	p. 330
29.5 Example 2	p. 331
29.6 General Remarks	p. 336
References	p. 337
30 Group Decision Making in the Manufacturing Environment	p. 341
30.1 Introduction	p. 341
30.2 Example	p. 342
30.2.1 Application of GTMA	p. 343
30.2.2 SAW Method	p. 344
30.2.3 WPM	p. 344
30.2.4 TOPSIS Method	p. 345
30.2.5 Modified TOPSIS Method	p. 345
30.3 General Remarks	p. 345
References	p. 346
Appendix Computer Codes	p. 347
Index	p. 371

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