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Cover image for Dental materials at a glance
Title:
Dental materials at a glance
Series:
At a glance series

At a glance series (Oxford, England)
Publication Information:
Chichester, UK ; Ames, Iowa : Wiley-Blackwell, 2010
Physical Description:
xi, 62 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm.
ISBN:
9780813816142
General Note:
Includes index
Subject Term:

Available:*

Library
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30000010235648 RK652.5 V66 2010 f Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Dental Materials At A Glance is a title in the highly popular at a Glance series. It provides a concise and accessible introduction and revision aid. Following the familiar, easy-to-use at a Glance format, each topic is presented as a double-page spread with key facts accompanied by clear diagrams encapsulating essential information.

Systematically organized and succinctly delivered, Dental Materials At A Glance covers:

Each major class of dental materials and biomaterials Basic chemical and physical properties Clinical handling and application Complications and adverse effects of materials

Dental Materials At A Glance is the ideal companion for all students of dentistry and junior clinicians. In addition the text will provide valuable insight for general dental practitioners wanting to update their materials knowledge.


Author Notes

Dr J. Anthony von Fraunhofer is Professor Emeritus at the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery Dental School, University of Maryland and formerly was Professor and Director of Biomaterials Science in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery He has an honors degree (BSc) in chemistry and an MSc and PhD in metallurgy as well as having Chartered Scientist, Chartered Chemist and Chartered Engineer designations from the Science Council of the United Kingdom. Dr von Fraunhofer also holds Fellowships in the Academy of Dental Materials, ASM International, the Institute of Corrosion and the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Dr. von Fraunhofer started his career in industry in the United Kingdom and then joined the Institute of Dental Surgery, University of London as a faculty member, progressing to the Chair of the Department of Biomaterials Science. He was recruited to the School of Dentistry, University of Louisville as Professor of Biomaterials Science in 1978 and remained there until 1994 when he joined the Faculty at the School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore as Professor and Director of Biomaterials Science.
Dr. von Fraunhofer has mentored 14 Ph.D. and over 120 M.S. degree candidates during his career and has written over 390 scientific papers, 11 books, and contributed chapters to 12 monographs on dental biomaterials and materials science. His particular fields of interest and research activity are biomechanics and the biomechanical properties of materials used in medicine and dentistry, dental cutting, suture materials, wound closure devices and wound healing; the degradation, wear and corrosion of materials in the biosystem and the corrosion and corrosion protection of metals by organic and metallic coatings. He has made over 140 presentations of his research at National and International scientific meetings and has lectured and presented courses at Universities in the United States, England, Continental Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Asia.


Table of Contents

Foreword
Dedication
Chapter 1 Properties of materials - tensile properties
Mechanical properties
Biting forces
Stress
Proportional limit
Strain
Poisson's ratio
Elastic modulus
Stress-strain curves
Resilience
Toughness
Chapter 2 Toughness, elastic/plastic behavior and hardness
Fracture toughness
Elastic and plastic behavior
Determining mechanical properties
Tensile properties
Compressive strength
Shear strength
Transverse strength
Indentation hardness
Abrasion and wear resistance
Chapter 3 Physical properties of materials
Thermal properties
Thermal conductivity
Specific heat
Thermal diffusivity
Linear coefficient of thermal expansion
Electrical properties
Electrical conductivity
Dielectric constant
Color and appearance
Chapter 4 Gypsum materials
Gypsum materials
Plaster, stone and die stone
Setting reaction
Water/powder (W/P) ratio
Factors in setting
Expansion
Spatulation
Water temperature
Humidity
Colloids
Physical properties
Mixing
Setting time
Compressive strength
Tensile strength
Surface hardness
Setting expansion
Comparative properties
Chapter 5 Dental waxes
Introduction
Composition
Mineral waxes
Plant waxes
Animal waxes
Synthetic waxes
Gums, fats and resins
Wax properties
Melting and thermal expansion
Mechanical properties
Flow
Dental waxes
Pattern waxes
Baseplate wax
Casting waxes
Inlay waxes
Sticky wax
Impression waxes
Chapter 6 Inelastic impression materials
Factors in impression-making
Recording detail
Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids
Yield value, viscosity and thixotropy
Inelastic impression materials
Impression plaster
Impression compound
Zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE)
Chapter 7 Elastic impression materials
Alginate (irreversible) hydrocolloids
Setting reaction
P/W ratio and mixing
Accuracy
Strength
Problems with alginates
Agar-agar (reversible) hydrocolloid
Polysulfide rubber
Condensation-cured silicones
Addition-cured silicones (polysiloxanes)
Polyether impression materials
Mixing
Properties of elastic impression materials
Setting properties
Mechanical properties
Tray adhesives
Chapter 8 Denture base materials
Polymerization reactions
Reaction initiation
Reaction propagation
Reaction termination
Polymer properties
Denture base polymers
High-impact resins
Pour-type resins
Rapid-cure resins
Light-cure resins
Problems with denture bases
Denture base resins
Working time
Palatal vault
Denture teeth
Chapter 9 Investments and casting
Casting and investments
Dental casting
Composition
Gypsum-bonded investment
Composition
Properties
Effect of temperature
Setting and hygroscopic expansion
Other factors in expansion
High-temperature investments
Phosphate-bonded investments
Silica-bonded investments
Chapter 10 Precious metal alloys
Gold and noble metals
Pure gold
Noble metals
Precious metals
Gold alloys
Carat and fineness of gold
Gold-copper alloys
Dental gold casting alloys
Low-carat gold alloys
Heat treatment of gold
Considerations in casting
Metal shrinkage
Sprues
Wax patterns
Problems with castings
Chapter 11 Base metal alloys
Cast chromium alloys
Alloying elements
Investments and casting
Microstructure
Heat treatment
Physical/mechanical properties
Titanium and titanium alloys
Pure titanium
Titanium alloys
Dental implants
Orthodontic wires
Bonding
Combination systems
Bonded dentin
Chapter 12 Dental cements
Cement categories
Cement consistency
Thermal properties
Mechanical properties
Provisional luting agents
Water-based dental cements for permanent luting
Zinc phosphate
Zinc polyacrylate (polycarboxylate) cement
Glass ionomer cement (GIC)
Chapter 13 Resin-modified and resin cements
Zinc oxide cements
Hybrid ionomer cements
Setting reaction
Properties
Applications
Resin cements
Adhesive resin cements
Properties
Applications
Chapter 14 Cavity varnishes, liners and bases
Cavity varnishes
Composition
Varnish film characteristics
Applications
Cavity liners
Composition
Characteristics
Low-strength bases
Ca(OH)2 bases
ZOE bases
Visible light-cured bases
Properties
High-strength bases
Characteristics of high-strength bases
Chapter 15 Dental amalgam
Dental amalgam alloys
Setting reaction
Physical properties
Manipulation and handling properties
Corrosion
Chapter 16 Adhesive dentistry
Principles
Adhesion and cohesion
Dental adhesion
Composition of Enamel and Dentin
Etching of enamel
Adhesion to enamel
Problems in enamel bonding
Chapter 17 Bonding to dentin
Dentin bonding
Conditioning
Priming
Chapter 18 Composite restorative resins
Dental composites
Composite restorative materials
Resin matrix
Curing systems
Filler particles
Microfilled composites
Hybrid composites
Packable (condensable) composites
Strengthening effects
Compomers
Chapter 19 Dental porcelain
Manufacture
Composition
Feldspar
Silica
Kaolin
Metallic oxides
Dental porcelains
High-fusing porcelains
Medium-fusing porcelains
Low-fusing porcelain
Very low fusing porcelain
Glazes
Stains
Structure
Chapter 20 Manipulation and properties of porcelain
Manipulation
Porcelain paste and stacking
Condensation
Dies
Drying
Firing (sintering)
Glazing
Firing shrinkage
Physical properties
Strength
Porosity
Hardness
Chapter 21 Advanced ceramic systems
Porcelain strengthening
Ion exchange
Thermal strengthening
Alumina inserts and cores
Aluminous porcelain
Leucite-reinforced porcelain
Metal-bonded porcelain
Hot-pressed ceramics
High leucite molded glass
Lithium ceramics
Slip-cast ceramics
Castable glass ceramic
Machinable ceramics
Veneers
Chapter 22 Porcelain bonding alloys
PFM restorations
Ceramic-noble metal systems
High-gold alloys
Low-gold alloys
Types 4, 5 and 6 alloys
Ceramic-base metal systems
Nickel-base alloys
Cobalt-base alloys
Titanium alloys
Casting of PFM copings
Alloying elements
Sand blasting
Chapter 23 Restorative materials in endodontics
Canal instrumentation
Canal irrigation
Sealer cements
Canal obturation
Endodontic leakage
Chapter 24 Orthodontic materials
Intra-oral appliances
Extra-oral appliances and jaw orthopedics
Removable orthodontic appliances
Fixed orthodontic appliances
Chapter 25 Grinding, polishing and finishing
Material removal
Abrasives
Dental burs
Coolant/lubricant effects
Finishing and polishing regimens
Chapter 26 Adverse effects of dental biomaterials
Categories of biomaterials
Toxicity and carcinogenicity
Hypersensitivity and allergic reactions
Type I and type IV reactions
Metal allergies
Chapter 27 Enamel, dentin and cementum
Dental enamel
Dentin
Cementum
Fluoridation of enamel
Strontium
Chapter 28 Bone
Mineral composition
Structure
Development and aging
Dental implants and bone
Glossary
Index
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