Gas turbine heat transfer and cooling technology

Select an Action

Place Hold(s)
Add to My Lists
Email
Print

Title:

Personal Author:

Han, Je-Chin, 1946-

Edition:

2nd ed.

Publication Information:

Boca Raton, F.L. : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, c2013

Physical Description:

xvii, 869 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.

ISBN:

9781439855683

General Note:

Previous ed.: 2000.

Abstract:

"A comprehensive reference for engineers and researchers, this second edition focuses on gas turbine heat transfer issues and their associated cooling technologies for aircraft and land-based gas turbines. It provides information on state-of-the-art cooling technologies such as advanced turbine blade film cooling and internal cooling schemes. The book also offers updated experimental methods for gas turbine heat transfer and cooling research, as well as advanced computational models for gas turbine heat transfer and cooling performance predictions. The authors provide suggestions for future research within this technology and includes 800 illustrations to help clarify concepts and instruction"-- Provided by publisher.

Subject Term:

Gas-turbines

Heat -- Transmission

Gas-turbines -- Cooling

Added Author:

Datta, Sandīpa

Ekkad, Srinath, 1958-

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010316423	TJ778 H364 2013	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

On Order

Summary

A comprehensive reference for engineers and researchers, Gas Turbine Heat Transfer and Cooling Technology, Second Edition has been completely revised and updated to reflect advances in the field made during the past ten years. The second edition retains the format that made the first edition so popular and adds new information mainly based on selected published papers in the open literature.

See What's New in the Second Edition:

State-of-the-art cooling technologies such as advanced turbine blade film cooling and internal cooling Modern experimental methods for gas turbine heat transfer and cooling research Advanced computational models for gas turbine heat transfer and cooling performance predictions Suggestions for future research in this critical technology

The book discusses the need for turbine cooling, gas turbine heat-transfer problems, and cooling methodology and covers turbine rotor and stator heat-transfer issues, including endwall and blade tip regions under engine conditions, as well as under simulated engine conditions. It then examines turbine rotor and stator blade film cooling and discusses the unsteady high free-stream turbulence effect on simulated cascade airfoils. From here, the book explores impingement cooling, rib-turbulent cooling, pin-fin cooling, and compound and new cooling techniques. It also highlights the effect of rotation on rotor coolant passage heat transfer.

Coverage of experimental methods includes heat-transfer and mass-transfer techniques, liquid crystal thermography, optical techniques, as well as flow and thermal measurement techniques. The book concludes with discussions of governing equations and turbulence models and their applications for predicting turbine blade heat transfer and film cooling, and turbine blade internal cooling.

Author Notes

Je-Chin Han is presently Distinguished Professor and holder of the Marcus C. Easterling Endowed Chair and Director of the Turbine Heat Transfer Laboratory at Texas A&M University.

Srinath Ekkad is Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Tech University.

Dr. Dutta is an affiliate of General Electric Energy.

Preface to the Second Edition	p. xiii
Preface to the First Edition	p. xv
Authors	p. xvii
1 Fundamentals	p. 1
1.1 Need for Turbine Blade Cooling	p. 1
1.1.1 Recent Development in Aircraft Engines	p. 1
1.1.2 Recent Development in Land-Based Gas Turbines	p. 3
1.2 Turbine-Cooling Technology	p. 5
1.2.1 Concept of Turbine Blade Cooling	p. 5
1.2.2 Typical Turbine-Cooling System	p. 7
1.3 Turbine Heat Transfer and Cooling Issues	p. 14
1.3.1 Turbine Blade Heat Transfer	p. 14
1.3.2 Turbine Blade Internal Cooling	p. 18
1.3.3 Turbine Blade Film Cooling	p. 21
1.3.4 Thermal Barrier Coating and Heat Transfer	p. 21
1.4 Structure of the Book	p. 22
1.5 Review Articles and Book Chapters on Turbine Cooling and Heat Transfer	p. 23
1.6 New Information from 2000 to 2010	p. 24
1.6.1 ASME Turbo Expo Conference CDs	p. 25
1.6.2 Book Chapters and Review Articles	p. 25
1.6.3 Structure of the Revised Book	p. 26
References	p. 26
2 Turbine Heat Transfer	p. 31
2.1 Introduction	p. 31
2.1.1 Combustor Outlet Velocity and Temperature Profiles	p. 31
2.2 Turbine-Stage Heat Transfer	p. 35
2.2.1 Introduction	p. 35
2.2.2 Real Engine Turbine Stage	p. 35
2.2.3 Simulated Turbine Stage	p. 43
2.2.4 Time-Resolved Heat-Transfer Measurements on a Rotor Blade	p. 49
2.3 Cascade Vane Heat-Transfer Experiments	p. 52
2.3.1 Introduction	p. 52
2.3.2 Effect of Exit Mach Number and Reynolds Number	p. 53
2.3.3 Effect of Free-Stream Turbulence	p. 57
2.3.4 Effect of Surface Roughness	p. 58
2.3.5 Annular Cascade Vane Heat Transfer	p. 62
2.4 Cascade Blade Heat Transfer	p. 66
2.4.1 Introduction	p. 66
2.4.2 Unsteady Wake-Simulation Experiments	p. 67
2.4.3 Wake-Affected Heat-Transfer Predictions	p. 74
2.4.4 Combined Effects of Unsteady Wake and Free-Stream Turbulence	p. 78
2.5 Airfoil Endwall Heat Transfer	p. 83
2.5.1 Introduction	p. 83
2.5.2 Description of the Flow Field	p. 83
2.5.3 Endwall Heat Transfer	p. 86
2.5.4 Near-Endwall Heat Transfer	p. 88
2.5.5 Engine Condition Experiments	p. 90
2.5.6 Effect of Surface Roughness	p. 92
2.6 Turbine Rotor Blade Tip Heat Transfer	p. 94
2.6.1 Introduction	p. 94
2.6.2 Blade Tip Region Flow Field and Heat Transfer	p. 95
2.6.3 Flat-Blade Tip Heat Transfer	p. 98
2.6.4 Squealer- or Grooved-Blade-Tip Heat Transfer	p. 99
2.7 Leading-Edge Region Heat Transfer	p. 106
2.7.1 Introduction	p. 106
2.7.2 Effect of Free-Stream Turbulence	p. 108
2.7.3 Effect of Leading-Edge Shape	p. 113
2.7.4 Effect of Unsteady Wake	p. 114
2.8 Flat-Surface Heat Transfer	p. 118
2.8.1 Introduction	p. 118
2.8.2 Effect of Free-Stream Turbulence	p. 118
2.8.3 Effect of Pressure Gradient	p. 123
2.8.4 Effect of Streamwise Curvature	p. 124
2.8.5 Surface Roughness Effects	p. 126
2.9 New Information from 2000 to 2010	p. 128
2.9.1 Endwall Heat Transfer	p. 128
2.9.1.1 Endwall Contouring	p. 128
2.9.1.2 Leading-Edge Modifications to Reduce Secondary Flows	p. 130
2.9.1.3 Endwall Heat-Transfer Measurements	p. 131
2.9.2 Turbine Tip and Casing Heat Transfer	p. 132
2.9.3 Vane-Blade Interactions	p. 136
2.9.3.1 Cascade Studies	p. 137
2.9.4 Deposition and Roughness Effects	p. 138
2.9.5 Combustor-Turbine Effects	p. 139
2.9.6 Transition-Induced Effects and Modeling	p. 141
2.10 Closure	p. 143
References	p. 144
3 Turbine Film Cooling	p. 159
3.1 Introduction	p. 159
3.1.1 Fundamentals of Film Cooling	p. 159
3.2 Film Cooling on Rotating Turbine Blades	p. 162
3.3 Film Cooling on Cascade Vane Simulations	p. 169
3.3.1 Introduction	p. 169
3.3.2 Effect of Film Cooling	p. 171
3.3.3 Effect of Free-Stream Turbulence	p. 180
3.4 Film Cooling on Cascade Blade Simulations	p. 181
3.4.1 Introduction	p. 181
3.4.2 Effect of Film Cooling	p. 182
3.4.3 Effect of Free-Stream Turbulence	p. 185
3.4.4 Effect of Unsteady Wake	p. 186
3.4.5 Combined Effect of Free-Stream Turbulence and Unsteady Wakes	p. 193
3.5 Film Cooling on Airfoil Endwalls	p. 193
3.5.1 Introduction	p. 193
3.5.2 Low-Speed Simulation Experiments	p. 193
3.5.3 Engine Condition Experiments	p. 200
3.5.4 Near-Endwall Film Cooling	p. 201
3.6 Turbine Blade Tip Film Cooling	p. 204
3.6.1 Introduction	p. 204
3.6.2 Heat-Transfer Coefficient	p. 205
3.6.3 Film Effectiveness	p. 208
3.7 Leading-Edge Region Film Cooling	p. 210
3.7.1 Introduction	p. 210
3.7.2 Effect of Coolant-to-Mainstream Blowing Ratio	p. 211
3.7.3 Effect of Free-Stream Turbulence	p. 213
3.7.4 Effect of Unsteady Wake	p. 218
3.7.5 Effect of Coolant-to-Mainstream Density Ratio	p. 218
3.7.6 Effect of Film Hole Geometry	p. 224
3.7.7 Effect of Leading-Edge Shape	p. 225
3.8 Flat-Surface Film Cooling	p. 226
3.8.1 Introduction	p. 226
3.8.2 Film-Cooled, Heat-Transfer Coefficient	p. 227
3.8.2.1 Effect of Blowing Ratio	p. 228
3.8.2.2 Effect of Coolant-to-Mainstream Density Ratio	p. 229
3.8.2.3 Effect of Mainstream Acceleration	p. 231
3.8.2.4 Effect of Hole Geometry	p. 233
3.8.3 Film-Cooling Effectiveness	p. 239
3.8.3.1 Effect of Blowing Ratio	p. 241
3.8.3.2 Effect of Coolant-to-Mainstream Density Ratio	p. 242
3.8.3.3 Film Effectiveness Correlations	p. 244
3.8.3.4 Effect of Streamwise Curvature and Pressure Gradient	p. 250
3.8.3.5 Effect of High Free-Stream Turbulence	p. 255
3.8.3.6 Effect of Film Hole Geometry	p. 257
3.8.3.7 Effect of Coolant Supply Geometry	p. 260
3.8.3.8 Effect of Surface Roughness	p. 262
3.8.3.9 Effect of Gap Leakage	p. 262
3.8.3.10 Effect of Bulk Flow Pulsations	p. 267
3.8.3.11 Full-Coverage Film Cooling	p. 267
3.9 Discharge Coefficients of Turbine Cooling Holes	p. 269
3.10 Film-Cooling Effects on Aerodynamic Losses	p. 272
3.11 New Information from 2000 to 2010	p. 276
3.11.1 Film-Cooling-Hole Geometry	p. 276
3.11.1.1 Effect of Cooling-Hole Exit Shape and Geometry	p. 276
3.11.1.2 Trenching of Holes	p. 281
3.11.1.3 Deposition and Blockage Effects on Hole Exits	p. 288
3.11.2 Endwall Film Cooling	p. 289
3.11.3 Turbine Blade Tip Film Cooling	p. 299
3.11.4 Turbine Trailing Edge Film Cooling	p. 308
3.11.5 Airfoil Film Cooling	p. 310
3.11.5.1 Vane Film Cooling	p. 310
3.11.5.2 Blade Film Cooling	p. 311
3.11.5.3 Effect of Shocks	p. 311
3.11.5.4 Effect of Superposition on Film Effectiveness	p. 312
3.11.6 Novel Film-Cooling Designs	p. 313
3.12 Closure	p. 315
References	p. 315
4 Turbine Internal Cooling	p. 329
4.1 Jet Impingement Cooling	p. 329
4.1.1 Introduction	p. 329
4.1.2 Heat-Transfer Enhancement by a Single Jet	p. 329
4.1.2.1 Effect of Jet-to-Target-Plate Spacing	p. 332
4.1.2.2 Correlation for Single Jet Impingement Heat Transfer	p. 333
4.1.2.3 Effectiveness of Impinging Jets	p. 334
4.1.2.4 Comparison of Circular to Slot Jets	p. 335
4.1.3 Impingement Heat Transfer in the Midchord Region by Jet Array	p. 336
4.1.3.1 Jets with Large Jet-to-Jet Spacing	p. 337
4.1.3.2 Effect of Wall-to-Jet-Array Spacing	p. 337
4.1.3.3 Cross-Flow Effect and Heat-Transfer Correlation	p. 339
4.1.3.4 Effect of Initial Cross-Flow	p. 345
4.1.3.5 Effect of Cross-Flow Direction on Impingement Heat Transfer	p. 346
4.1.3.6 Effect of Coolant Extraction on Impingement Heat Transfer	p. 350
4.1.3.7 Effect of Inclined Jets on Heat Transfer	p. 354
4.1.4 Impingement Cooling of the Leading Edge	p. 355
4.1.4.1 Impingement on a Curved Surface	p. 355
4.1.4.2 Impingement Heat Transfer in the Leading Edge	p. 356
4.2 Rib-Turbulated Cooling	p. 363
4.2.1 Introduction	p. 363.
4.2.1.1 Typical Test Facility	p. 366
4.2.2 Effects of Rib Layouts and Flow Parameters on Ribbed-Channel Heat Transfer	p. 368
4.2.2.1 Effect of Rib Spacing on the Ribbed and Adjacent Smooth Sidewalls	p. 369
4.2.2.2 Angled Ribs	p. 370
4.2.2.3 Effect of Channel Aspect Ratio with Angled Ribs	p. 371
4.2.2.4 Comparison of Different Angled Ribs	p. 372
4.2.3 Heat-Transfer Coefficient and Friction Factor Correlation	p. 375
4.2.4 High-Performance Ribs	p. 380
4.2.4.1 V-Shaped Rib	p. 380
4.2.4.2 V-Shaped Broken Rib	p. 383
4.2.4.3 Wedge- and Delta-Shaped Rib	p. 384
4.2.5 Effect of Surface-Heating Condition	p. 387
4.2.6 Nonrectangular Cross-Section Channels	p. 390
4.2.7 Effect of High Blockage-Ratio Ribs	p. 403
4.2.8 Effect of Rib Profile	p. 406
4.2.9 Effect of Number of Ribbed Walls	p. 413
4.2.10 Effect of a 180° Sharp Turn	p. 421
4.2.11 Detailed Heat-Transfer Coefficient Measurements in a Ribbed Channel	p. 430
4.2.12 Effect of Film-Cooling Hole on Ribbed-Channel Heat Transfer	p. 437
4.3 Pin-Fin Cooling	p. 442
4.3.1 Introduction	p. 442
4.3.2 Flow and Heat-Transfer Analysis with Single Pin	p. 446
4.3.3 Pin Array and Correlation	p. 451
4.3.4 Effect of Pin Shape on Heat Transfer	p. 459
4.3.5 Effect of Nonuniform Array and Flow Convergence	p. 464
4.3.6 Effect of Skewed Pin Array	p. 467
4.3.7 Partial Pin Arrangements	p. 470
4.3.8 Effect of Turning Flow	p. 472
4.3.9 Pin-Fin Cooling with Ejection	p. 472
4.3.10 Effect of Missing Pin on Heat-Transfer Coefficient	p. 478
4.4 Compound and New Cooling Techniques	p. 479
4.4.1 Introduction	p. 479
4.4.2 Impingement on Ribbed Walls	p. 479
4.4.3 Impingement on Pinned and Dimpled Walls	p. 484
4.4.4 Combined Effect of Ribbed Wall with Grooves	p. 489
4.4.5 Combined Effect of Ribbed Wall with Pins and Impingement Inlet Conditions	p. 491
4.4.6 Combined Effect of Swirl Flow and Ribs	p. 495
4.4.7 Impingement Heat Transfer with Perforated Baffles	p. 500
4.4.8 Combined Effect of Swirl and Impingement	p. 504
4.4.9 Concept of Heat Pipe for Turbine Cooling	p. 505
4.4.10 New Cooling Concepts	p. 509
4.5 New Information from 2000 to 2010	p. 510
4.5.1 Rib Turbinated Cooling	p. 510
4.5.2 Impingement Cooling on Rough Surface	p. 514
4.5.3 Trailing Edge Cooling	p. 517
4.5.4 Dimpled and Pm-Finned Channels	p. 518
4.5.5 Combustor Liner Cooling and Effusion Cooling	p. 519
4.5.6 Innovative Cooling Approaches and Methods	p. 523
References	p. 525
5 Turbine Internal Cooling with Rotation	p. 537
5.1 Rotational Effects on Cooling	p. 537
5.2 Smooth-Wall Coolant Passage	p. 538
5.2.1 Effect of Rotation on Flow Field	p. 538
5.2.2 Effect of Rotation on Heat Transfer	p. 545
5.2.2.1 Effect of Rotation Number	p. 546
5.2.2.2 Effect of Density Ratio	p. 547
5.2.2.3 Combined Effects of Rotation Number and Density Ratio	p. 548
5.2.2.4 Effect of Surface-Heating Condition	p. 550
5.2.2.5 Effect of Rotation Number and Wall-Heating Condition	p. 554
5.3 Heat Transfer in a Rib-Turbulated Rotating Coolant Passage	p. 556
5.3.1 Effect of Rotation on Rib-Turbulated Flow	p. 556
5.3.2 Effect of Rotation on Heat Transfer in Channels with 90° Ribs	p. 559
5.3.2.1 Effect of Rotation Number	p. 560
5.3.2.2 Effect of Wall-Heating Condition	p. 563
5.3.3 Effect of Rotation on Heat Transfer for Channels with Angled (Skewed) Ribs	p. 565
5.3.3.1 Effect of Angled Ribs and Heating Condition	p. 567
5.3.3.2 Comparison of Orthogonal and Angled Ribs	p. 572
5.4 Effect of Channel Orientation with Respect to the Rotation Direction on Both Smooth and Ribbed Channels	p. 572
5.4.1 Effect of Rotation Number	p. 572
5.4.2 Effect of Model Orientation and Wall-Heating Condition	p. 574
5.5 Effect of Channel Cross Section on Rotating Heat Transfer	p. 582
5.5.1 Triangular Cross Section	p. 582
5.5.2 Rectangular Channel	p. 585
5.5.3 Circular Cross Section	p. 587
5.5.4 Two-Pass Triangular Duct	p. 588
5.6 Different Proposed Correlation to Relate the Heat Transfer with Rotational Effects	p. 596
5.7 Heat-Mass-Transfer Analogy and Detail Measurements	p. 603
5.8 Rotation Effects on Smooth-Wall Impingement Cooling	p. 604
5.8.1 Rotation Effects on Leading-Edge Impingement Cooling	p. 604
5.8.2 Rotation Effect on Midchord Impingement Cooling	p. 613
5.8.3 Effect of Film-Cooling Hole	p. 618
5.9 Rotational Effects on Rib-Turbulated Wall Impingement Cooling	p. 619
5.10 New Information from 2000 to 2010	p. 623
5.10.1 Heat Transfer in Rotating Triangular Cooling Channels	p. 625
5.10.2 Heat Transfer in Rotating Wedge-Shaped Cooling Channels	p. 633
5.10.3 Effect of Aspect Ratio and Rib Configurations on Rotating Channel Heat Transfer	p. 643
5.10.4 Effect of High Rotation Number and Entrance Geometry on Rectangular Channel Heat Transfer	p. 666
References	p. 683
6 Experimental Methods	p. 689
6.1 Introduction	p. 689
6.2 Heat-Transfer Measurement Techniques	p. 689
6.2.1 Introduction	p. 689
6.2.2 Heat Flux Gages	p. 690
6.2.3 Thin-Foil Heaters with Thermocouples	p. 693
6.2.4 Copper Plate Heaters with Thermocouples	p. 697
6.2.5 Transient Technique	p. 698
6.3 Mass-Transfer Analogy Techniques	p. 699
6.3.1 Introduction	p. 699
6.3.2 Naphthalene Sublimation Technique	p. 699
6.3.3 Foreign-Gas Concentration Sampling Technique	p. 703
6.3.4 Swollen-Polymer Technique	p. 705
6.3.5 Ammonia-Diazo Technique	p. 706
6.3.6 Pressure-Sensitive Paint Techniques	p. 707
6.3.7 Thermographic Phosphors	p. 710
6.4 Liquid Crystal Thermography	p. 713
6.4.1 Steady-State Yellow-Band Tracking Technique	p. 713
6.4.2 Steady-State HSI Technique	p. 714
6.4.3 Transient HSI Technique	p. 717
6.4.4 Transient Single-Color Capturing Technique	p. 719
6.5 Flow and Thermal Field Measurement Techniques	p. 726
6.5.1 Introduction	p. 726
6.5.2 Five-Hole Probe/Thermocouples	p. 726
6.5.3 Hot-Wire/Cold-Wire Anemometry	p. 728
6.5.4 Laser Doppler Velocimetry	p. 729
6.5.5 Particle Image Velocimetry	p. 731
6.5.6 Laser Holographic Interferometry	p. 734
6.5.7 Surface Visualization	p. 734
6.6 New Information from 2000 to 2010	p. 739
6.6.1 Transient Thin-Film Heat Flux Gages	p. 739
6.6.2 Advanced Liquid Crystal Thermography	p. 743
6.6.3 Infrared Thermography	p. 746
6.6.4 Pressure-Sensitive Paint	p. 749
6.6.5 Temperature-Sensitive Paint	p. 755
6.6.6 Flow and Thermal Field Measurements	p. 759
6.7 Closure	p. 761
References	p. 761
7 Numerical Modeling	p. 771
7.1 Governing Equations and Turbulence Models	p. 771
7.1.1 Introduction	p. 771
7.1.2 Governing Equations	p. 772
7.1.3 Turbulence Models	p. 773
7.1.3.1 Standard k-¿ Model	p. 773
7.1.3.2 Low-Re k-¿ Model	p. 774
7.1.3.3 Two-Layer k-¿ Model	p. 775
7.1.3.4 k-¿ Model	p. 775
7.1.3.5 Baldwin-Lomax Model	p. 776
7.1.3.6 Second-Moment Closure Model	p. 777
7.1.3.7 Algebraic Closure Model	p. 777
7.2 Numerical Prediction of Turbine Heat Transfer	p. 779
7.2.1 Introduction	p. 779
7.2.2 Prediction of Turbine Blade/Vane Heat Transfer	p. 779
7.2.3 Prediction of the Endwall Heat Transfer	p. 785
7.2.4 Prediction of Blade Tip Heat Transfer	p. 787
7.3 Numerical Prediction of Turbine Film Cooling	p. 789
7.3.1 Introduction	p. 789
7.3.2 Prediction of Flat-Surface Film Cooling	p. 791
7.3.3 Prediction of Leading-Edge Film Cooling	p. 796
7.3.4 Prediction of Turbine Blade Film Cooling	p. 798
7.4 Numerical Prediction of Turbine Internal Cooling	p. 799
7.4.1 Introduction	p. 799
7.4.2 Effect of Rotation	p. 799
7.4.3 Effect of 180° Turn	p. 803
7.4.4 Effect of Transverse Ribs	p. 809
7.4.5 Effect of Angled Ribs	p. 809
7.4.6 Effect of Rotation on Channel Shapes	p. 815
7.4.7 Effect of Coolant Extraction	p. 818
7.5 New Information from 2000 to 2010	p. 820
7.5.1 CFD for Turbine Film Cooling	p. 820
7.5.2 CFD for Turbine Internal Cooling	p. 823
7.5.3 CFD for Conjugate Heat Transfer and Film Cooling	p. 825
7.5.4 CFD for Turbine Heat Transfer	p. 829
References	p. 830
8 Final Remarks	p. 841
8.1 Turbine Heat Transfer and Film Cooling	p. 841
8.2 Turbine Internal Cooling with Rotation	p. 841
8.3 Turbine Edge Heat Transfer and Cooling	p. 842
8.4 New Information from 2000 to 2010	p. 842
8.5 Closure	p. 843
Index	p. 845

Available:*

On Order

Summary

Summary

Author Notes

Table of Contents