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Summary
Summary
This far-reaching and authoritative two-volume set examines a range of potential solutions for low-energy building design, considering different strategies (energy conservation and renewable energy) and technologies (relating to the building envelope, ventilation, heat delivery, heat production, heat storage, electricity and control). Energy and life-cycle impacts are considered as crucial factors, including passive and active solar use, daylighting and high efficiency conventional heat production. Each volume assesses the potential of these options in a variety of contexts, covering different housing types (apartment, row and detached) in cold, temperate and mild climates. The impressive list of expert authors from 14 countries includes a mix of internationally respected academics and practitioners, working together within the framework of a five-year International Energy Agency (IEA) research project. Volume 1 presents strategies and solutions, offering the reader a solid basis for developing concepts, considering environmental and economic concerns for housing projects in a variety of contexts. Volume 2 offers a detailed analysis of exemplary buildings in different European countries and examines the various technologies employed to achieve their remarkable performance. Aided by clear, full colour illustrations, it offers invaluable insights into the application of these technologies.
Author Notes
Robert Hastings works with AEU Architecture, Energy and Environment GmbH, Switzerland. The highly successful Sustainable Solar Housing project was awarded the Energy Institute's Environment Award in 2007. Maria Wall is at the Department of Energy and Building Design, Lund University, Sweden.
Table of Contents
Foreword | p. v |
List of Contributors | p. vii |
List of Figures and Tables | p. ix |
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations | p. xxi |
Introduction | |
1.1 Evolution of high-performance housing | p. 1 |
1.2 Scope of this book | p. 4 |
1.3 Targets | p. 4 |
Part I Strategies | |
1 Introduction | p. 9 |
2 Energy | p. 11 |
2.1 Introduction | p. 11 |
2.2 Conserving energy | p. 12 |
2.3 Passive solar contribution in high-performance housing | p. 14 |
2.4 Using daylight | p. 20 |
2.5 Using active solar energy | p. 28 |
2.6 Producing remaining energy efficiently | p. 32 |
3 Ecology | p. 37 |
3.1 Introduction | p. 37 |
3.2 Cumulative energy demand (CED) | p. 39 |
3.3 Life-cycle analysis (LCA) | p. 42 |
3.4 Architecture towards sustainability (ATS) | p. 46 |
4 Economics of High-Performance Houses | p. 51 |
4.1 Introduction | p. 51 |
4.2 Cost assessment of high-performance components | p. 52 |
4.3 Additional expenses | p. 59 |
4.4 Summary and outlook | p. 61 |
5 Multi-Criteria Decisions | p. 63 |
5.1 Introduction | p. 63 |
5.2 Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods | p. 63 |
5.3 Total quality assessment (TQA) | p. 70 |
6 Marketing Sustainable Housing | p. 77 |
6.1 Sustainable housing: The next growth business | p. 77 |
6.2 Tools | p. 79 |
6.3 A case study: Marketing new passive houses in Konstanz, Rothenburg, Switzerland | p. 81 |
6.4 Lessons learned from marketing stories | p. 89 |
Part II Solutions | |
7 Solution Examples | p. 95 |
7.1 Introduction | p. 95 |
7.2 Reference buildings based on national building codes, 2001 | p. 96 |
7.3 Targets for space heating demand | p. 98 |
7.4 Target for non-renewable primary energy demand | p. 99 |
8 Cold Climates | p. 103 |
8.1 Cold climate design | p. 103 |
8.2 Single family house in the Cold Climate Conservation Strategy | p. 114 |
8.3 Single family house in the Cold Climate Renewable Energy Strategy | p. 124 |
8.4 Row house in the Cold Climate Conservation Strategy | p. 133 |
8.5 Row house in the Cold Climate Renewable Energy Strategy | p. 142 |
8.6 Apartment building in the Cold Climate Conservation Strategy | p. 150 |
8.7 Apartment building in the Cold Climate Renewable Energy Strategy | p. 156 |
8.8 Apartment buildings in cold climates: Sunspaces | p. 171 |
9 Temperate Climates | p. 179 |
9.1 Temperate climate design | p. 179 |
9.2 Single family house in the Temperate Climate Conservation Strategy | p. 186 |
9.3 Single family house in the Temperate Climate Renewable Energy Strategy | p. 196 |
9.4 Row house in the Temperate Climate Conservation Strategy | p. 202 |
9.5 Row house in the Temperate Climate Renewable Energy Strategy | p. 211 |
9.6 Life-cycle analysis for row houses in a temperate climate | p. 221 |
9.7 Apartment building in the Temperate Climate Conservation Strategy | p. 226 |
9.8 Apartment building in the Temperate Climate Renewable Energy Strategy | p. 232 |
10 Mild Climates | p. 237 |
10.1 Mild climate design | p. 237 |
10.2 Single family house in the Mild Climate Conservation Strategy | p. 242 |
10.3 Single family house in the Mild Climate Renewable Energy Strategy | p. 248 |
10.4 Row house in the Mild Climate Conservation Strategy | p. 254 |
10.5 Row house in the Mild Climate Renewable Energy Strategy | p. 260 |
Appendix 1 Reference Buildings: Constructions and Assumptions | p. 265 |
Appendix 2 Primary Energy and CO[subscript 2] Conversion Factors | p. 279 |
Appendix 3 Definition of Solar Fraction | p. 283 |
Appendix 4 The International Energy Agency | p. 285 |