Cover image for Non-imaging microwave and millimetre-wave sensors for concealed object detection
Title:
Non-imaging microwave and millimetre-wave sensors for concealed object detection
Publication Information:
Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Physical Description:
xiii, 210 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm.
ISBN:
9781466577145
Abstract:
Technology now allows the use of microwave and millimeter wave sensors for the detection of concealed objects, typically weapons and explosive devices, on the human body. This book discusses these developments and includes examples of actual devices built and tested by the authors. Topics include active millimeter wave sensor using the direct detection approach and the heterodyne approach, active microwave sensor for CNR-based object detection, passive millimeter wave sensors, and the role of shielding effects in operating non-imaging MM-wave sensors"--provided by publisher

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30000010340496 TK7882.S3 K37 2015 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

In response to the ever-increasing global threat of terrorist attacks, the personal screening industry has been growing at a rapid rate. Many methods have been developed for detecting concealed weapons and explosives on the human body. In this important new book, the authors discuss their experiences over the last decade designing and testing microwave and millimetre wave detection and screening systems. It includes examples of actual devices that they have built and tested, along with test results that were obtained in realistic scenarios.

The book focuses on the development of non-imaging detection systems, which are similar to radar. These systems do not form a conventional image of the scene and the person(s) being screened. Instead, the sensors detect and analyze the effect that the body, and any concealed objects, has on a transmitted waveform. These systems allow remote detection of both metallic and dielectric devices concealed on the human body in both indoor and outdoor environments.

The book discusses a number of sensor types, including active millimetre wave sensors using the direct detection and the heterodyne approach, active microwave sensors for CNR-based object detection, passive millimetre wave sensors, and the role of shielding effects in operating non-imaging MM-wave sensors.

The goal of this book is to systemize the test results obtained by the authors, helping specialists to develop improved screening systems in the future. Another goal is to show how the use of non-imaging systems can reduce the cost of the screening process.


Author Notes

Boris Y. Kapilevich, Ariel University, MM-wave Laboratory, Israel

Stuart W. Harmer, Manchester Metropolitan University, School of Electrical Eng., UK

Nicholas J. Bowring , Manchester Metropolitan University, School of Electrical Eng., UK


Table of Contents

Prefacep. vii
Acknowledgementsp. xi
About the Authorsp. xiii
1 Introductionp. 1
Referencesp. 7
2 Background and Theoryp. 9
2.1 RCS Concept and Basic Definitionsp. 9
2.2 Active versus Passive Modes of Operation Sensorsp. 13
2.3 Millimetre-Wave Emission from a Planar Surfacep. 16
2.4 Conclusionp. 21
Referencesp. 21
3 Active Millimetre-Wave Sensor Using Direct Detection Approachp. 23
3.1 Direct Detection Radar Principles and Theoryp. 23
3.2 Polarimetric Signaturesp. 33
3.3 MiRTLE Introductionp. 36
3.3.1 MiRTLE Sensor Designp. 39
3.4 Radar Signal Classification Techniques and Resultsp. 44
3.5 Handheld Version of Sensorp. 52
3.6 Conclusionp. 59
Referencesp. 60
4 FMCW Sensors for Detecting Hidden Objectsp. 63
4.1 Linear FMCW Theoryp. 63
4.2 Basic Hardware Configurationsp. 66
4.2.1 FMCW Sensors with a Single Antennap. 66
4.2.2 FMCW Sensors with Separated Antennaep. 69
4.3 W-Band Millimetre-Wave Sensorsp. 71
4.3.1 Estimating System Performancep. 72
4.3.2 Data Acquisition and Signal Processingp. 74
4.3.3 Range Experimentsp. 76
4.3.4 Target Identificationp. 77
4.4 Submillimetre-Wave Sensor at 330 GHzp. 84
4.4.1 Schematic of the Sensorp. 85
4.4.2 System Characteristics and Performancep. 86
4.4.2.1 Components Parameters at 330 GHZp. 86
4.4.2.2 Performance Estimationp. 87
4.4.3 Remote Detection Experimentsp. 87
4.4.4 Improving Sensitivity and Resolutionp. 88
4.5 Conclusionp. 98
Referencesp. 100
5 Active Microwave Sensors for Complex Natural Resonance-Based Object Detectionp. 103
5.1 Introduction and Theoryp. 103
5.2 Simulations with Electromagnetic Solver Softwarep. 106
5.3 Experimental Configuration, Signal Processing and Resultsp. 114
5.4 Conclusionp. 124
Referencesp. 124
6 Passive Millimetre-Wave Sensorsp. 129
6.1 General Considerationsp. 129
6.2 Superheterodyne Receivers of Passive Sensorsp. 133
6.3 Direct Detection Receivers as Passive Sensorsp. 140
6.4 Sensors Based on Correlation Receiversp. 151
6.5 Sensors Based on Interference Effectsp. 152
6.6 Modelling Resultsp. 160
6.7 Conclusionp. 163
Referencesp. 163
7 The Role of Shielding Effects in Operating Non-Imaging Sensorsp. 167
7.1 Basic Shielding Mechanismsp. 167
7.2 Theoretical Models and Estimation Methodp. 169
7.2.1 Basic Existing Modelsp. 169
7.2.2 Estimation Method Employedp. 171
7.3 Well/Ill-Conditioning Analysisp. 172
7.4 Experimental Setup and Results of Measurements: Coherent Illuminationp. 174
7.5 Sensitivity and Error Analysisp. 187
7.6 Characterization of Materials: Incoherent Illuminationp. 188
7.6.1 Introductory Notesp. 188
7.6.2 Modelling Interference in the Presence of Noisep. 189
7.6.3 Experimental Verification of the Noise Averaging Effectp. 192
7.7 Conclusionp. 199
Referencesp. 200
Indexp. 203