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Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
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Searching... | 30000010340496 | TK7882.S3 K37 2015 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
In response to the ever-increasing global threat of terrorist attacks, the personal screening industry has been growing at a rapid rate. Many methods have been developed for detecting concealed weapons and explosives on the human body. In this important new book, the authors discuss their experiences over the last decade designing and testing microwave and millimetre wave detection and screening systems. It includes examples of actual devices that they have built and tested, along with test results that were obtained in realistic scenarios.
The book focuses on the development of non-imaging detection systems, which are similar to radar. These systems do not form a conventional image of the scene and the person(s) being screened. Instead, the sensors detect and analyze the effect that the body, and any concealed objects, has on a transmitted waveform. These systems allow remote detection of both metallic and dielectric devices concealed on the human body in both indoor and outdoor environments.
The book discusses a number of sensor types, including active millimetre wave sensors using the direct detection and the heterodyne approach, active microwave sensors for CNR-based object detection, passive millimetre wave sensors, and the role of shielding effects in operating non-imaging MM-wave sensors.
The goal of this book is to systemize the test results obtained by the authors, helping specialists to develop improved screening systems in the future. Another goal is to show how the use of non-imaging systems can reduce the cost of the screening process.
Author Notes
Boris Y. Kapilevich, Ariel University, MM-wave Laboratory, Israel
Stuart W. Harmer, Manchester Metropolitan University, School of Electrical Eng., UK
Nicholas J. Bowring , Manchester Metropolitan University, School of Electrical Eng., UK
Table of Contents
Preface | p. vii |
Acknowledgements | p. xi |
About the Authors | p. xiii |
1 Introduction | p. 1 |
References | p. 7 |
2 Background and Theory | p. 9 |
2.1 RCS Concept and Basic Definitions | p. 9 |
2.2 Active versus Passive Modes of Operation Sensors | p. 13 |
2.3 Millimetre-Wave Emission from a Planar Surface | p. 16 |
2.4 Conclusion | p. 21 |
References | p. 21 |
3 Active Millimetre-Wave Sensor Using Direct Detection Approach | p. 23 |
3.1 Direct Detection Radar Principles and Theory | p. 23 |
3.2 Polarimetric Signatures | p. 33 |
3.3 MiRTLE Introduction | p. 36 |
3.3.1 MiRTLE Sensor Design | p. 39 |
3.4 Radar Signal Classification Techniques and Results | p. 44 |
3.5 Handheld Version of Sensor | p. 52 |
3.6 Conclusion | p. 59 |
References | p. 60 |
4 FMCW Sensors for Detecting Hidden Objects | p. 63 |
4.1 Linear FMCW Theory | p. 63 |
4.2 Basic Hardware Configurations | p. 66 |
4.2.1 FMCW Sensors with a Single Antenna | p. 66 |
4.2.2 FMCW Sensors with Separated Antennae | p. 69 |
4.3 W-Band Millimetre-Wave Sensors | p. 71 |
4.3.1 Estimating System Performance | p. 72 |
4.3.2 Data Acquisition and Signal Processing | p. 74 |
4.3.3 Range Experiments | p. 76 |
4.3.4 Target Identification | p. 77 |
4.4 Submillimetre-Wave Sensor at 330 GHz | p. 84 |
4.4.1 Schematic of the Sensor | p. 85 |
4.4.2 System Characteristics and Performance | p. 86 |
4.4.2.1 Components Parameters at 330 GHZ | p. 86 |
4.4.2.2 Performance Estimation | p. 87 |
4.4.3 Remote Detection Experiments | p. 87 |
4.4.4 Improving Sensitivity and Resolution | p. 88 |
4.5 Conclusion | p. 98 |
References | p. 100 |
5 Active Microwave Sensors for Complex Natural Resonance-Based Object Detection | p. 103 |
5.1 Introduction and Theory | p. 103 |
5.2 Simulations with Electromagnetic Solver Software | p. 106 |
5.3 Experimental Configuration, Signal Processing and Results | p. 114 |
5.4 Conclusion | p. 124 |
References | p. 124 |
6 Passive Millimetre-Wave Sensors | p. 129 |
6.1 General Considerations | p. 129 |
6.2 Superheterodyne Receivers of Passive Sensors | p. 133 |
6.3 Direct Detection Receivers as Passive Sensors | p. 140 |
6.4 Sensors Based on Correlation Receivers | p. 151 |
6.5 Sensors Based on Interference Effects | p. 152 |
6.6 Modelling Results | p. 160 |
6.7 Conclusion | p. 163 |
References | p. 163 |
7 The Role of Shielding Effects in Operating Non-Imaging Sensors | p. 167 |
7.1 Basic Shielding Mechanisms | p. 167 |
7.2 Theoretical Models and Estimation Method | p. 169 |
7.2.1 Basic Existing Models | p. 169 |
7.2.2 Estimation Method Employed | p. 171 |
7.3 Well/Ill-Conditioning Analysis | p. 172 |
7.4 Experimental Setup and Results of Measurements: Coherent Illumination | p. 174 |
7.5 Sensitivity and Error Analysis | p. 187 |
7.6 Characterization of Materials: Incoherent Illumination | p. 188 |
7.6.1 Introductory Notes | p. 188 |
7.6.2 Modelling Interference in the Presence of Noise | p. 189 |
7.6.3 Experimental Verification of the Noise Averaging Effect | p. 192 |
7.7 Conclusion | p. 199 |
References | p. 200 |
Index | p. 203 |