SC Monnington and CJ Quarrie and ADJ Pinder and LA MorrisSE Tapley and P BuckleADJ PinderK Swain and N HeatonADJ Pinder and E MilnesHG Gray and F MacMillanR Brown and G LiS Bartys and K Burton and I Wright and C Mackay and P Watson and C MainRS Bridger and GS PaddanJ DevereuxT Ibarra Santa AnaN Morris and B RaabeV Kelly and J DevereuxGS Corbett and D MooreK TeshCM Nelson and PF BreretonW Chang and R Gronqvist and M HirvonenCL Brace and RA Haslam and K Brooke-Wavell and PA HowarthA Smith and T Lane and M BloorP Allen and A Burke and N EllisA Burke and N Ellis and P AllenN Ellis and P Allen and A BurkeT ClokeV Ball and N HeatonV Ball and N HeatonD Wooding and K Purdy and A Gale and M MugglestoneJ May and H Cowley and AG GaleAH Reinhardt-RutlandP Vivekananda-Schmidt and AH Reinhardt-Rutland and TJ Shields and RS AndersonSA Clemes and PA HowarthJA Lyons and AJ Allsopp and JLJ BilzonJLJ Bilzon and EG Scarpello and E Bilzon and AJ AllsoppMP Rayson and DA Wilkinson and E Valk and AM NevillMP RaysonH Chien and C TsengOI Martino and N MorrisM Howell and S Love and M Turner and D van LaarC Sutter and M ZiefleL Coventry and A De Angeli and G JohnsonA De Angeli and L Coventry and G Johnson and M CouttsC Grant and S CummafordE Ng and RHY SoA Woodcock and SAR ScrivenerH DavidU Laptaned and S Nichols and J WilsonAW Stedmon and H Patel and SC Nichols and JR WilsonAW Stedmon and SC Nichols and H Patel and JR WilsonH David and JMC BastienA Majumdar and WY OchiengD Bonini and B KirwanJ Bloomfield and KA Harder and BJ ChihakTC LansdownB Ng'Andu and T WilsonAH Reinhardt-RutlandE Israelsson and N KarlssonM Turner and S LoveN Morris and N Feratu and OI Martino and L OkiG Li and WI Hamilton and I FinchG Li and WI Hamilton and T ClarkeMS YoungC Turner and R Harrison and E LoweT Farrington-Darby and L Pickup and J WilsonL Pickup and J Wilson and T ClarkeJ Capitelli and F O'Curry and M Stearn and J WoodP Murphy and JR WilsonS RobertsonS McInallyRS Bridger and E Bilzon and A Green and K Munnoch and R Chamberlain and J PickeringI Storer and D McDonagh and H DentonI Storer and GE Torrens and A Woodcock and GL WilliamsM AndrewM AndersonAK Weyman and DD ClarkeR Filik and A Gale and K Purdy and D GerrettB Larock and CG DruryCG Drury and J Ma and K WoodcockK Munnoch and R Pethybridge and RS BridgerM Watson and T HorberryAJ Costello and EJ Hellier and J EdworthyM Richardson and G Jones and M Torrance and G ThorneA Woodcock and E Clarke and J Cole and J Cooke and C DesboroughB Sherwood Jones and J Earthy and S ArnoldA Ferguson and W BrownJ Long and M Colbert and J DowellB Wallace and A Ross and J DaviesNCCM MoesJ SmythIS MacLeodE O'Herlihy and W GaughranCE Siemieniuch and MA SinclairT StewartA Woodcock and C Meier and R Reinema and M van BodegomMC MaguireJ Wachtel

Preface	p. xv
Manual Handling
Development of Manual handling Assessment Charts (MAC) for health and safety inspectors	p. 3
Reliability of Manual handling Assessment Charts (MAC) developed for regulatory inspectors in the United Kingdom	p. 9
Benchmarking of health and safety inspectors' Manual handling Assessment Charts (MAC)	p. 15
Developing a manual handling process within an NHS trust	p. 21
Manual handling in refuse collection: Reducing risk of musculoskeletal disorders	p. 26
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Can ergonomic microscopes reduce the risks of work-related musculo-skeletal disorders?	p. 35
The development of action levels for the 'Quick Exposure Check' (QEC) system	p. 41
The influence of psychosocial risk factors on absence due to musculoskeletal disorders	p. 47
A trial of back belts for rigid inflatable boat crews in the Royal Navy	p. 53
Work-related stress as a risk factor for WMSDs: Implications for ergonomics interventions	p. 59
The impact of design on MSD and psychological aspects in assembly lines	p. 65
Occupational Health and Safety
Stress in the workplace: Implications of recent decisions by the Court of Appeal	p. 73
The principle of ergonomics within European Union directives	p. 79
Contemporary ergonomics practice--The New Zealand setting	p. 84
An employee driven approach in tackling ergonomics at Ethicon Scotland	p. 90
Implementation of the physical agents (vibration) directive in the UK	p. 94
Slips, Trips and Falls
The role of surface waviness in friction at shoe and floor interface	p. 105
Being led up the garden path: Why older people are still falling at home	p. 111
Fatigue
An overview of research on fatigue in support shipping in the offshore oil industry	p. 119
A cross-vessel survey of seafarers examining factors associated with fatigue	p. 125
The impact of work patterns on stress and fatigue among offshore worker populations	p. 131
The influence of noise and motion on sleep, mood, and performance of seafarers	p. 137
Display Screen Equipment
Large scale DSE risk assessment programmes: A case study	p. 145
Dealing with an improvement notice for display screen equipment: A case study	p. 151
Working from home	p. 156
Vision
Telling time: The ergonomics of mounting a large public exhibition	p. 165
Variations in the discomfort and visual fatigue of cytology screeners	p. 171
The framing effect diminishes pictorial depth perception: Implications for indirect manipulation via video links	p. 177
Visual acuity in negotiating the built environment: Eye motion data and speed	p. 183
A field study investigating the relationship between visual discomfort and the menstrual cycle in VDU workers	p. 189
Applied Physiology
Predicting the relative metabolic and cardiovascular demands of simulated military load-carriage tasks	p. 197
Generic task-related occupational requirements for Royal Naval (RN) personnel	p. 203
The physical demands of Army basic training	p. 209
Estimating energy expenditure using Global Positioning System (GPS)	p. 215
An automatic gearshift logic for discrete bicycle transmissions	p. 220
Drinking glucose improves mood at the beginning of the working day	p. 226
Interface Design
Generating interface metaphors: A comparison of 2 methodologies	p. 235
How to handle notebook input devices: An insight in button use strategy	p. 241
Biometric verification at a self service interface	p. 247
Usability and user authentication: Pictorial passwords vs. PIN	p. 253
A comparison of direct user testing in different environmental contexts	p. 259
The use of the Cooper-Harper technique to enhance the measurement of rated sense-of-presence in virtual and real environments	p. 265
Breakdown analysis	p. 271
What can you get from a dribble file?	p. 277
Situation awareness in virtual environments: Theory and methodology	p. 283
A view of the future? The potential use of speech recognition for virtual reality applications	p. 289
Free speech in a virtual world: Speech recognition as a novel interaction device for virtual reality applications	p. 296
Air Traffic Control
Second evaluation of a radically revised en-route air traffic control system	p. 305
Towards a new task base for air traffic controllers in the future ATC/ATM	p. 311
Cultural differences in the meaning of competency in air traffic control	p. 317
Driving
The use of tactile and auditory lane departure warnings in a field operational test	p. 325
Visual demands associated with rural, urban, & motorway driving	p. 331
On-road assessment of three driver improvement interventions	p. 337
Has safety engineering on the roads worked? Comparing mortality on road and rail	p. 341
How does a speech user interface affect the driving task?	p. 347
The impact of mobile telephone use and accident history on turn indication decisions whilst driving	p. 353
Detecting rule violations in a transport system simulation: Effects of workload distribution	p. 359
Rail
Evaluation of railway signal designs using virtual reality simulation	p. 367
Driver recognition of railway signs at different speeds--A preliminary study	p. 373
Development of a railway safety research simulator	p. 379
Development of a human factors SPAD hazard checklist	p. 385
Safe and unsafe behaviour amongst railway track workers	p. 391
Mental workload of the railway signaller	p. 397
Baseline ergonomic assessment of signalling control facilities	p. 403
The role of communication failures in engineering work	p. 409
Motorcycle Ergonomics
Motorcycling and congestion: Behavioural impacts of a high proportion of motorcycles	p. 417
R[superscript 3]--A riding strategy formulation model for the risk averse motorcyclist	p. 423
Design
Evaluating medical equipment from the outside-in and from the inside-out: Rescue stretchers	p. 431
A pain in the rear: New undergraduates' understanding of ergonomics in design	p. 437
Harder hardware? A pilot study into gaining soldiers perceptions of their weapons appearance	p. 443
Risks and Hazards
Reframing risk using systems thinking	p. 451
Human factors and major hazards: A regulator's perspective	p. 457
The effects of familiarity on workplace risk assessment--Contextual insight or cognitive availability	p. 463
Human Error
Medication errors and human factors	p. 471
Repetitive inspection with checklists: Design and performance	p. 477
Do job aids help incident investigation?	p. 483
Training
The relationship between recruit test 4 scores and mechanical comprehension dependent tasks	p. 491
The value of an online, distance education program in human factors	p. 497
General Ergonomics
GM informational labels--Does shape matter?	p. 507
Identifying the task variables that influence assembly complexity	p. 513
Teaching ergonomics to 4 to 6 year olds	p. 519
Human-centred design in a system engineering context	p. 525
Standard symbols--Using the ISO test method	p. 531
Work domain models for cognitive ergonomics: An illustration from military command and control	p. 537
Information processing models: Benefits and limitations	p. 543
Sitting stresses inside the body	p. 549
Work smarter not harder! Ergonomics in a lean business environment	p. 555
Ergonomics--Is there a need for guidelines on role competencies?	p. 561
Identification of working height ranges for wheelchair users in workshop environments	p. 567
A process for capability acquisition	p. 573
The Marks and Spencer Brooklands project: Integrating ergonomics into the development of retail equipment	p. 579
An integrated approach to support teamworking	p. 585
User requirements analysis applied to environmental systems	p. 591
Driver education for pre-teens: A new approach toward reducing crashes among young novice drivers	p. 597
Author Index	p. 603
Subject Index	p. 609