Human aspects of software engineering

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Title:

Personal Author:

Tomayko, J. E.

Publication Information:

Hingham, Mass. : Charles River Media, 2004

ISBN:

9781584503132

Subject Term:

Software engineering

Human factors in engineering design

Added Author:

Hazzan, Orit, 1962-

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Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... SPACE KL Main Library	30000010081713	QA76.758 T56 2004	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

This textbook explores the many human dilemmas and conflicts that can arise during the course of software development, and encourages future software engineers to become more aware of the development environment than their older counterparts. Tomayko (Carnegie Mellon) and Hazzan (Israel Institute of

Dedication	p. v
Acknowledgments	p. vii
Introduction	p. xxi
Part I Software Development Environments	p. 1
1 The Nature of Software Engineering	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
Objectives	p. 3
Study Questions	p. 4
A Day in the Life of a Software Engineer in a Conventional Company	p. 5
A Software Engineer's Day at an Agile Development Company	p. 7
Why Software Projects Fail	p. 9
Discussion	p. 11
For Further Review	p. 11
References and Additional Resources	p. 11
Endnotes	p. 11
2 Software Engineering Methods	p. 13
Introduction	p. 13
Objectives	p. 14
Study Questions	p. 14
Software Development Methods	p. 14
Spiral Model	p. 15
Unified Process	p. 16
eXtreme Programming	p. 18
Choosing Among the Spiral Model, UP, and XP	p. 22
To Require or Not to Require ... Methods	p. 24
Summary Questions	p. 25
For Further Review	p. 26
References	p. 26
Endnotes	p. 27
3 Working in Teams	p. 29
Introduction	p. 29
Objectives	p. 30
Study Questions	p. 30
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 31
Types and Structures of Software Development Teams	p. 31
Democratic Teams	p. 31
Hierarchical Teams	p. 34
Virtual Teams	p. 38
Forming and Rewarding Student Teams	p. 39
Activity	p. 40
Forming Student Teams	p. 44
Evaluation of Student Projects	p. 44
A Game Theory Perspective of Teamwork	p. 45
Outsourcing	p. 48
A Common Use for Virtual Teams: Outsourcing	p. 48
The Capability Maturity Model and Its Use for Outsourcing	p. 49
The Bozo Effect	p. 50
Mind the Gap	p. 51
Summary Questions	p. 52
For Further Review	p. 52
References and Additional Resources	p. 52
Endnotes	p. 53
4 Software as a Product	p. 55
Introduction	p. 55
Objectives	p. 56
Study Questions	p. 56
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 56
Software Requirements--Background	p. 57
Data Collection Tools	p. 59
Interviews	p. 59
Questionnaires	p. 63
Observation	p. 65
Requirements Management	p. 66
Characteristics of Tools for Requirements Management	p. 66
Discussion	p. 69
Summary Questions	p. 69
For Further Review	p. 69
References	p. 70
Examples of Requirements Management Tools Reviewed	p. 70
Part II The World of Software Engineering	p. 71
5 Code of Ethics of Software Engineering	p. 73
Introduction	p. 73
Objectives	p. 74
Study Questions	p. 74
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 75
Codes of Ethics	p. 75
The Code of Ethics of Software Engineering	p. 77
Scanning the Code of Ethics of Software Engineering	p. 79
Activities	p. 81
Questions--Principle 1 Public	p. 83
Questions--Principle 2 Client and Employer	p. 84
Questions--Principle 3 Product	p. 85
Questions--Principle 4 Judgment	p. 88
Questions--Principle 5 Management	p. 89
Questions--Principle 6 Profession	p. 90
Questions--Principle 7 Colleagues	p. 92
Questions--Principle 8 Self	p. 93
Summary Questions	p. 94
For Further Review	p. 95
References and Additional Resources	p. 95
Online Resources	p. 96
Endnotes	p. 96
6 International Perspective on Software Engineering	p. 97
Introduction	p. 97
Objectives	p. 98
Study Questions	p. 98
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 98
International Perspectives on Software Engineering	p. 99
Questions	p. 100
The High-Tech Industry in Different Countries	p. 101
India	p. 103
Israel	p. 104
Additional International Topics Related to Software Engineering	p. 106
Women and Minorities in Computer Science and Software Engineering	p. 107
Summary Questions	p. 111
For Further Review	p. 111
References and Additional Resources	p. 111
Associations that Deal with the Promotion of Women in Computer Science	p. 112
7 Different Perspectives on Software Engineering	p. 113
Introduction	p. 113
Objectives	p. 114
Study Questions	p. 114
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 115
Software Engineering: A Multifaceted Field	p. 115
The Product versus Process Perspectives of Software Engineering	p. 117
The Agility Paradigm versus the Heavyweight Approach toward Software Development	p. 119
Additional Approaches	p. 121
Summary Questions	p. 122
For Further Review	p. 122
References	p. 123
8 The History of Software Engineering	p. 125
Introduction	p. 125
Objectives	p. 126
Study Questions	p. 126
The Early Days of Computing	p. 126
Information Hiding--The First Budding of Software Development Methods	p. 129
Abstraction--Another Part of Methods	p. 129
The Beginning of Software Development Methods	p. 130
The Customer's Task in the Early Days of Software Development Methods	p. 133
Abstraction and Information Hiding Come to the Fore	p. 134
Software Development Methods Become Part of the Profession of Software Engineering	p. 135
Objects Arise	p. 138
Agile Methods Enter the Software Engineering World	p. 138
For Further Review	p. 139
References	p. 139
Part III Software-Human Interaction	p. 141
9 Program Comprehension, Code Inspections, and Refactoring	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
Objectives	p. 144
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 144
Program Comprehension	p. 145
Study Questions	p. 145
Theories of Program Comprehension	p. 146
Activity	p. 151
Code Inspections (Code Review)	p. 151
Study Questions	p. 151
Refactoring	p. 154
Study Questions	p. 154
Summary Questions	p. 157
For Further Review	p. 158
References and Additional Resources	p. 158
Endnotes	p. 159
10 Learning Processes in Software Engineering	p. 161
Introduction	p. 161
Objectives	p. 162
Study Questions	p. 162
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 162
Software Engineering as a Reflective Practice	p. 163
Conclusion--Software Engineering as a Reflective Practice	p. 170
Activities	p. 170
Learning Organizations	p. 171
Activity	p. 176
Conclusions	p. 177
Summary Questions	p. 177
For Further Review	p. 177
References and Additional Resources	p. 179
Endnotes	p. 180
12 Abstraction and Other Heuristics of Software Development	p. 181
Introduction	p. 181
Objectives	p. 182
Study Questions	p. 182
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 183
Central Heuristics of Software Development	p. 183
Structured Programming	p. 184
Successive Refinement	p. 184
Abstraction	p. 186
Illumination of Previous Chapters by Abstraction	p. 187
Additional Topics Related to Abstraction	p. 193
The Human Aspects of Software Architecture	p. 193
Architecture versus Design	p. 193
Quality Attribute Workshops	p. 194
Metaphors in Science and Philosophy	p. 197
Abstraction in Computer Science and Software Engineering Education	p. 197
Summary Questions	p. 198
References	p. 199
Endnotes	p. 200
12 The Characteristics of Software and the Human Aspects of Software Engineering	p. 203
Introduction	p. 203
Objectives	p. 204
Study Questions	p. 204
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 205
Software Characteristics	p. 206
Programming Style	p. 207
Abstraction	p. 209
Refactoring	p. 210
Simplicity	p. 210
Evaluation of Programming Style	p. 211
Affective Aspects of Human-Software Interaction	p. 211
Summary Questions	p. 218
For Further Review	p. 218
References and Additional Resources	p. 219
Programming Style Links	p. 220
Endnotes	p. 220
Appendix Questionnaire	p. 220
Part IV Business Analysis of Software Engineering	p. 223
13 Software Project Estimation and Tracking	p. 225
Introduction	p. 225
Objectives	p. 226
Study Questions	p. 226
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 226
Poor Software Project Management	p. 226
"Better, Faster, Cheaper"	p. 227
Overtime	p. 228
Avoiding Overtime	p. 229
Historical Data	p. 229
Clark's Method	p. 230
COCOMO II	p. 230
Earned Value	p. 234
The Planning Game	p. 235
Requirements	p. 236
The Method of Up-Front Requirements Elicitation	p. 236
Requirements Elicitation in Agile Methods	p. 236
Difficulties for Estimation Caused by Agile Methods of Gathering Requirements	p. 237
The Team Software Process Development Manager	p. 238
Playing Games with Estimates and Deadlines	p. 238
Summary Question	p. 239
For Further Review	p. 240
References	p. 240
14 Software as a Business	p. 243
Introduction	p. 243
Objectives	p. 243
Study Questions	p. 244
Relevance to Software Engineering	p. 244
A Brief History of the Software Business	p. 244
Time-to-Market	p. 247
Business Cases	p. 247
Business Plans	p. 248
Statement of Work	p. 249
Summary Questions	p. 250
For Further Review	p. 250
References and Additional Resources	p. 250
15 The Internet and the Human Aspects of Software Engineering	p. 251
Introduction	p. 251
Objectives	p. 252
Study Questions	p. 252
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 253
E-Commerce	p. 254
What Is E-Commerce?	p. 254
Cognitive Analysis of E-Commerce	p. 256
Social Perspective of E-Commerce	p. 258
The Timeless Nature of the Internet	p. 259
Communication	p. 261
Summary Questions	p. 263
For Further Review	p. 263
References and Additional Resources	p. 264
Part V Software Engineering Education	p. 267
16 Case Studies in Software Engineering	p. 269
Introduction	p. 269
Objectives	p. 270
Study Questions	p. 270
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 270
Software Management	p. 271
Case 1 Overtime	p. 271
Case 2 Schedule	p. 272
Case 3 Getting New Business	p. 273
Case 4 Discovering Information	p. 274
Software Development Paradigm	p. 275
Case 5 Specifying	p. 275
Case 6 Designing	p. 275
Case 7 Coding	p. 276
Case 8 Testing	p. 276
General Principles	p. 277
Case 9 The Recycling Principle	p. 277
Case 10 Multiple Representations	p. 277
Case 11 Alternative Tasks	p. 278
Case 12 Reflection	p. 278
Case 13 Fingerprints	p. 279
Case 14 Divide and Conquer	p. 279
Case 15 Finding Hidden Bugs	p. 280
Case 16 Literacy	p. 280
For Further Review	p. 281
References	p. 281
17 Students' Summary Projects and Presentations	p. 283
Introduction	p. 283
Objectives	p. 284
Study Questions	p. 284
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 284
Case Studies	p. 285
Construction of Case Studies	p. 286
Option 1 Construction of a Theoretical Case Study	p. 286
Option 2 Construction of a Case Study Based on a Field Study	p. 292
Option 3 Construction of a Case Study Based on an Event in the Past	p. 293
Presentation of Case Studies	p. 294
Additional Resources	p. 294
18 Remarks about Software Engineering Education	p. 295
Introduction	p. 295
Objectives	p. 296
Study Questions	p. 296
Relevance for Software Engineering	p. 297
The History of Software Engineering Education	p. 297
The Education of Software Engineers Today	p. 298
Teaching Human Aspects of Software Engineering	p. 300
References and Additional Resources	p. 302
Endnotes	p. 302
19 Additional Information on Resources Used in This Book	p. 303
Books	p. 13
Articles	p. 314
Web Sites	p. 315
Appendix	p. 317
Index	p. 333

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