Public speaking : prepare, present, participate

Title:

Personal Author:

Simonds, Cheri J

Publication Information:

Boston : Allyn & Bacon, 2010

Physical Description:

xxiv, 296 p. : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 26 cm.

ISBN:

9780131945586

Subject Term:

Public speaking

Added Author:

Hunt, Stephen K.

Simonds, Brent K.

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010222648	PN4121 S55 2010	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
Searching... PSZ KL	30000010222647	PN4121 S55 2010	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Public Speaking: Prepare, Present, Participate's provides a "reader-friendly" style and length that is easy to comprehend. Special Themes within the book include an emphasis on media literacy, critical thinking and additional skills on becoming an effective communicator.

This new entry into the public speaking market covers traditional topics of public speaking that include: audience analysis, research, organizing and outlining, speech presentation, and types of speeches. Highlights within the book include using analytical skills to become effective producers and consumers of information and communication competence, in addition to using knowledge, skill, motivation, and judgment abilities to increase effective communication skils that demonstrate ethical communication and consideration for multiple perspectives on a controversial issues.

This new book is based on a comprehensive, award-winning introductory public speaking course that was developed by the authors at Illinois State University for the 2008 NCA Program of Excellence.

Unit I Laying The Foundation-Prepare
Chapter 1 Introduction to Communication	p. 2
Benefits of Communication	p. 4
Personal Benefits	p. 4
Professional Benefits	p. 5
Media Interaction 1.1: Communication Media Source	p. 5
Social Benefits	p. 6
Media Interaction 1.2: Communication Skills	p. 6
Preparing to Participate 1.1: The Benefits of Studying Communication	p. 7
The Communication Process	p. 7
People	p. 7
Messages	p. 8
Critical Interaction 1.1: Frame of Reference	p. 8
Channel	p. 9
Interference	p. 10
Feedback	p. 10
Context	p. 11
Preparing to Participate 1.2: Understanding the Communication Process	p. 11
Models of Communication	p. 12
Action Model	p. 12
Interaction Model	p. 13
Transaction Model	p. 13
Preparing to Participate 1.3: Modeling Communication	p. 14
Critical Interaction 1.2: What Is Communication?	p. 15
Themes for the Text	p. 15
Communication Competence	p. 15
Communication Confidence	p. 16
Ethical Communication	p. 16
Critical Thinking	p. 16
Citizens in a Democracy	p. 17
Preparing to Participate 1.4: Putting It All Together	p. 18
Summary	p. 18
Key Terms	p. 18
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 19
Chapter 2 Communication Confidence	p. 20
Natural Nervousness	p. 22
Communication Apprehension Defined	p. 22
Preparing to Participate 2.1: Nervousness and Communication Apprehension	p. 23
Media Interaction 2.1: Measuring Your Communication Apprehension	p. 23
Causes of Communication Apprehension	p. 23
Heredity	p. 23
Learned Apprehension	p. 24
Skills Deficit	p. 24
Preparing to Participate 2.2: Causes of Communication Apprehension	p. 25
Effects of Communication Apprehension	p. 25
Internal Effects	p. 25
External Effects	p. 26
Preparing to Participate 2.3: Effects of Communication Apprehension	p. 26
Managing Communication Apprehension	p. 26
Systematic Desensitization	p. 27
Congnitive Restructuring	p. 27
Critical Interaction 2.1: Worst Case Scenario	p. 28
Visualization	p. 29
Skills Training	p. 29
Preparing to Participate 2.4: Managing Communication Apprehension	p. 30
Summary	p. 30
Key Terms	p. 31
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 31
Chapter 3 Ethical Communication	p. 32
Ethics and Ethical Communication	p. 34
Preparing to Participate 3.1: Defining Ethical Communication	p. 34
Ethical Standards	p. 34
A Political Perspective	p. 35
A Dialogical Perspective	p. 35
A Human Perspective	p. 36
A Situational Perspective	p. 37
Critical Interaction 3.1: Ethical Dilemmas	p. 37
Preparing to Participate 3.2: Four Ethical Standards	p. 38
Media Interaction 3.1: Ethical Codes in Journalism	p. 38
Ethical Credo	p. 38
Preparing to Participate 3.3: Understanding Ethical Credos	p. 39
Becoming Ethical Producers of Information	p. 40
Add to the Body of Knowledge	p. 40
Be Credible and Reliable	p. 41
Avoid Plagiarism	p. 41
Media Interaction 3.2: Avoiding Plagiarism	p. 41
Critical Interaction 3.2: Plagiarism Check	p. 42
Preparing to Participate 3.4: Becoming an Ethical Producer of Information	p. 42
Document Your Resources	p. 42
Persuade Ethically	p. 43
Becoming Ethical Consumers of Information	p. 43
Ethical Norms	p. 44
Summary	p. 44
Key Terms	p. 45
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 45
Chapter 4 Listening	p. 46
Importance of Listening	p. 48
Preparing to Participate 4.1: The Importance of Listening	p. 49
Process of Listening	p. 49
Hearing	p. 50
Understanding	p. 50
Remembering	p. 50
Interpreting	p. 50
Media Interaction 4.1: Interpreting a Message	p. 50
Evaluating	p. 51
Responding	p. 51
Preparing to Participate 4.2: The Listening Process	p. 51
Barriers to Listening	p. 51
Physical Distractions	p. 52
Mental Distractions	p. 52
Factual Distractions	p. 52
Semantic Distractions	p. 52
Preparing to Participate 4.3: Listening Barriers	p. 53
Critical Interaction 4.1: Overcoming Listening Barriers	p. 53
Types of Listening	p. 53
Discriminative Listening	p. 54
Comprehensive Listening	p. 54
Appreciative Listening	p. 54
Empathetic Listening	p. 54
Critical Listening	p. 55
Preparing to Participate 4.4: Listening Types	p. 55
Critical Listening and Critical Thinking	p. 55
Preparing to Participate 4.5: Critical Listening and Critical Thinking	p. 56
Critical Interaction 4.2: Critical Thinking Self-Assessment (CTSA)	p. 58
Improving Your Listening	p. 59
Preparing to Participate 4.6: Improving Listening	p. 60
Evaluating Messages Using Critical Listening	p. 61
Preparing to Participate 4.7: Using Critical
Listening to Evaluate Speeches	p. 62
Summary	p. 62
Key Terms	p. 63
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 63
Unit II Message Clarity-Present
Chapter 5 Choosing Topics	p. 64
Selecting a Topic	p. 66
Generating Ideas	p. 66
Narrowing the Topic	p. 68
Media Interaction 5.1: Concept Maps	p. 69
Preparing to Participate 5.1: Selecting a Topic	p. 70
General Purpose	p. 70
Speeches to Inform	p. 71
Speeches to Persuade	p. 72
Preparing to Participate 5.2: General and Specific Purposes	p. 72
Speeches to Entertain	p. 73
Speeches to Commemorate	p. 73
Specific Purpose	p. 73
Moving from the General to the Specific Purpose	p. 74
Guidelines for the Specific-Purpose Statement	p. 74
Critical Interaction 5.1: Specific Purpose-Effective of Ineffective?	p. 75
Preparing to Participate 5.3: Guidelines for a Specific-Purpose Statement	p. 76
Thesis Statements	p. 76
Moving from the Specific Purpose to the Thesis Statement	p. 76
Guidelines for Writing a Thesis Statement	p. 78
Critical Interaction 5.2: Thesis Statements-Effective or Ineffective?	p. 79
Preparing to Participate 5.4: Thesis Statements	p. 79
Summary	p. 80
Key Terms	p. 80
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 80
Chapter 6 Analyzing Your Audience	p. 82
Considering Your Audience	p. 84
Media Interaction 6.1: Coding Commercials	p. 84
Preparing to Participate 6.1: Considering Your Audience	p. 85
Identifying and Understanding Your Audience	p. 85
Analyzing Audience Characteristics	p. 85
Preparing to Participate 6.2: Audience Demographics	p. 87
Analyzing the Situation	p. 87
Preparing to Participate 6.3: The Speaking Situation	p. 89
Critical Interaction 6.1: Audience Analysis	p. 90
Gathering Information	p. 90
Informal Methods	p. 90
Formal Methods	p. 91
Preparing to Participate 6.4: Gathering Information	p. 92
Adapting Your Message	p. 93
Media Interaction 6.2: Analyzing Political Rhetoric	p. 93
Media Interaction 6.3: Making Audience Connections	p. 94
Summary	p. 95
Key Terms	p. 95
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 95
Chapter 7 Integrating Support Material	p. 96
Information Literacy	p. 98
Preparing to Participate 7.1: Information Literacy	p. 98
Developing a Research Strategy	p. 98
Create Research Questions	p. 99
Critical Interaction 7.1: Developing a Research Strategy	p. 100
Generate a List of Synonyms	p. 100
Search Information Sources	p. 101
Preparing to Participate 7.2: Research Strategies	p. 103
Types of Supporting Materials	p. 104
Statistics	p. 104
Analogies	p. 104
Media Interaction 7.1: Learn about Statistics	p. 104
Facts	p. 105
Examples	p. 105
Testimony	p. 106
Preparing to Participate 7.3: Types of Supporting Material	p. 107
Evaluating Supporting Materials	p. 107
Media Interaction 7.2: Evaluating Websites	p. 107
Preparing to Participate 7.4: Evaluating Supporting Materials	p. 109
Incorporating and Documenting Supporting Materials	p. 110
Preparing to Participate 7.5: Oral Citations	p. 111
Summary	p. 112
Key Terms	p. 112
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 112
Chapter 8 Organizing Ideas	p. 114
Importance of Organizing Your Ideas Clearly	p. 116
Preparing to Participate 8.1: Organize Ideas	p. 117
Organizing Ideas Strategically	p. 117
Chronological Order	p. 118
Spatial Order	p. 120
Topical Order	p. 120
Causal Order	p. 121
Preparing to Participate 8.2: Choose an Organizational Pattern	p. 121
Critical Interaction 8.1: Organizational Patterns	p. 122
Incorporating Transitional Devices	p. 122
Transitions	p. 122
Internal Previews	p. 123
Internal Summaries	p. 123
Signposts	p. 124
Critical Interaction 8.2: Transitions	p. 125
Media Interaction 8.1: Analyzing Organization in Sample Speeches	p. 126
Preparing to Participate 8.3: Transitional Devices	p. 126
Summary	p. 126
Key Terms	p. 127
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 127
Chapter 9 Outlining the Presentation	p. 128
Preparing to Participate 9.1: Importance of Outlining	p. 130
Developing A Preparation Outline	p. 130
Label the Introduction, Body, and Conclusion as Separate Elements	p. 131
Use a Consistent Pattern of Symbols	p. 131
Media Interaction 9.1: Outlining Tips	p. 132
Include Transitions	p. 132
Integrate Supporting Material	p. 132
Provide a List of References	p. 132
Use Complete Sentences	p. 133
Media Interaction 9.2: Style Wizard	p. 133
Preparing to Participate 9.2: Preparation Outline	p. 135
Sample Preparation Outline with Commentary	p. 135
Developing a Speaking Outline	p. 138
Critical Interaction 9.1: Outline Formats	p. 139
Preparing to Participate 9.3: Speaking Outline	p. 140
Sample Speaking Outline with Commentary	p. 140
Critical Interaction 9.2: Speaking Outlines	p. 142
Summary	p. 142
Key Terms	p. 143
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 143
Chapter 10 Beginning and Ending the Presentation	p. 144
Importance of Introductions and Conclusions	p. 146
Preparing to Participate 10.1: Importance of Introductions and Conclusions	p. 146
Beginning the Presentation	p. 147
Capturing Attention	p. 147
Media Interaction 10.1: Quotations	p. 148
Establishing the Relevance of Your Topic to Your Audience	p. 150
Establishing Speaker Credibility	p. 151
Previewing the Presentation	p. 151
Preparing to Participate 10.2: Goals of an Introduction	p. 152
Recommendations for Integrating Elements of the Introduction	p. 152
Ending the Presentation	p. 153
Providing a Summary	p. 153
Providing a Memorable Close	p. 153
Preparing to Participate 10.3: Goals of a Conclusions	p. 154
Critical Interaction 10.1: Matching Outline	p. 155
Summary	p. 156
Key Terms	p. 156
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 157
Chapter 11 Using Appropriate Language	p. 158
The Importance of Language	p. 160
Critical Interaction 11.1: Name Change	p. 161
Preparing to Participate 11.1: Principles of Language	p. 162
Oral Style and Written Style	p. 162
Preparing to Participate 11.2: Differences Between Oral Style and Written Style	p. 164
Choosing Language	p. 164
Clarity	p. 164
Accuracy	p. 167
Critical Interaction 11.2: Active/Passive Voice	p. 167
Vividness	p. 168
Appropriateness	p. 171
Media Interaction 11.1: Speech Analysis	p. 171
Media Interaction 11.2: Sample Speech Analysis-Language	p. 171
Critical Interaction 11.3: Inclusive Language	p. 171
Preparing to Participate 11.3: Effective Word Choice	p. 172
Summary	p. 172
Key Terms	p. 172
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 173
Chapter 12 Designing Presentation Aids	p. 174
Benefits of Visual Literacy	p. 176
Critical Interaction 12.1: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words	p. 176
Preparing to Participate 12.1: Visual Literacy	p. 177
Types of Presentation Aids	p. 177
Written Language	p. 177
Data Graphics	p. 179
Media Interaction 12.1: Red and Blue States	p. 183
Diagrams	p. 183
Illustrations/Paintings	p. 184
Photographs	p. 184
Films/Videos/Animations	p. 186
Objects	p. 187
Preparing to Participate 12.2: Types of Presentation Aids	p. 187
Display Technologies	p. 188
Screen	p. 188
Preparing to Participate 12.3: Display Technologies	p. 189
Paper	p. 189
Design Considerations	p. 189
Critical Interaction 12.2: Analyzing Figures	p. 189
Contrast	p. 190
Repetition	p. 190
Alignment	p. 190
Proximity	p. 190
Preparing to Participate 12.4: Design Considerations	p. 191
Integrating the Presentation Aid into the Speech	p. 191
Preparing to Participate 12.5: Integrating the Presentation Aid	p. 191
Media Interaction 12.2: Using Presentation Aids	p. 192
Summary	p. 192
Key Terms	p. 192
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 192
Chapter 13 Delivering the Presentation	p. 194
Importance of Delivery	p. 196
Methods of Delivery	p. 196
Preparing to Participate 13.1: Importance of Delivery	p. 197
Impromptu	p. 197
Manuscript	p. 197
Memorized	p. 198
Extemporanceous	p. 198
Preparing to Participate 13.2: Methods of Delivery	p. 199
Verbal Delivery	p. 199
Articulation	p. 199
Pronunciation	p. 200
Volume	p. 200
Rate	p. 201
Pause	p. 201
Pitch	p. 201
Vocal Variety	p. 202
Preparing to Participate 13.3: Verbal Delivery	p. 203
Nonverbal Delivery	p. 203
Critical Interaction 13.1: What Did You Say?	p. 203
Eye Contact	p. 204
Face	p. 204
Body	p. 204
Movement	p. 206
Media Interaction 13.1: Analyzing Delivery in a Sample Speech	p. 206
Preparing to Participate 13.4: Nonverbal Delivery	p. 206
Critical Interaction 13.2: Sarah Palin at RNC 2008	p. 207
Summary	p. 207
Key Terms	p. 208
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 208
Unit III Constructing Persuasive Messages-Participate
Chapter 14 Understanding Persuasive Principles	p. 210
Why Should I Study Persuasion?	p. 212
Media Interaction 14.1: Deadly Persuasion	p. 213
Preparing to Participate 14.1: Persuasive Public Speaking	p. 213
Persuasive Public Speaking	p. 214
Analyzing the Audience	p. 214
Developing Persuasive Claims	p. 216
Advocating Factual Claims	p. 216
Burdens of Proof	p. 216
Organizing Speeches on Claims of Fact	p. 217
Advocating Value Claims	p. 218
Burdens of Proof	p. 219
Preparing to Participate 14.2: Fact, Value, and Policy	p. 219
Organizing Speeches on Claims of Value	p. 219
Advocating Policy Claims	p. 221
Burdens of Proofs	p. 221
Organizing Speeches on Claims of Policy	p. 223
Preparing to Participate 14.3: Organizational Patterns	p. 226
Critical Interaction 14.1: Thinking Critically About Fact, Value, and Policy Claims	p. 227
Summary	p. 227
Key Terms	p. 228
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 228
Chapter 15 Building Arguments	p. 230
Argument Model	p. 232
Claims	p. 232
Evidence	p. 233
Evidence Credibility Statements	p. 233
Warrant	p. 234
Qualifiers	p. 235
Rebuttals	p. 235
Preparing to Participate 15.1: Defining Argument	p. 236
Persuading Through Logos	p. 236
Inductive Reasoning	p. 237
Deductive Reasoning	p. 237
Causal Reasoning	p. 238
Analogical Reasoning	p. 239
Persuading Through Ethos	p. 240
Factors of Speaker Credibility	p. 240
Types of Speaker Credibility	p. 241
Persuading Through Pathos	p. 241
Developing Emotional Appeals	p. 242
Applying Ethics to Emotional Appeals	p. 243
Preparing to Participate 15.2: Persuasive Appeals	p. 243
Critically Evaluating Arguments for Fallacies	p. 243
Ad Hominem	p. 244
Bandwagon	p. 244
Slippery Slope	p. 244
False Dilemma	p. 245
Appeal to Authority	p. 245
Critical Interaction 15.1: Thinking Critically about Advertisements	p. 246
Red Herring	p. 246
Media Interaction 15.1: Speptic's Dictionary: Fallacies	p. 246
Preparing to Participate 15.3: Fallacies of Reasoning	p. 247
Summary	p. 247
Key Terms	p. 247
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 248
Chapter 16 Using Communication in the 21st Century	p. 250
Communicating in a Democracy	p. 252
Preparing to Participate 16.1: Citizenship	p. 254
Use Communication for the Common Good	p. 255
Media Interaction 16.1: Political Engagement	p. 257
Critical Interaction 16.1: Promoting Political Engagement through Public Speaking/Communication	p. 258
Preparing to Participate 16.2: Common Good	p. 259
Consuming Messages	p. 259
Critical Interaction 16.2: Common, Community, and Communication	p. 259
Preparing to Participate 16.3: Consuming Messages	p. 261
Summary	p. 261
Key Terms	p. 262
Additional Engagement Opportunities	p. 262
Appendix	p. 265
Outline For Informative Speech: Tornadoes	p. 265
Outline For Informative Speech: Roman Coliseum	p. 269
Outline For Informative Speech: Delta Blues: Where the Soul of Man Never Dies	p. 272
Glossary	p. 276
Index	p. 285

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