Nanostructures & nanomaterials : synthesis, properties, and applications

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
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This is the 2nd edition of the original "Nanostructures and Nanomaterials" written by Guozhong Cao and published by Imperial College Press in 2004.This important book focuses not only on the synthesis and fabrication of nanostructures and nanomaterials, but also includes properties and applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials, particularly inorganic nanomaterials. It provides balanced and comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals and processing techniques with regard to synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials. Both chemical processing and lithographic techniques are presented in a systematic and coherent manner for the synthesis and fabrication of 0-D, 1-D, and 2-D nanostructures, as well as special nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and ordered mesoporous oxides. The book will serve as a general introduction to nanomaterials and nanotechnology for teaching and self-study purposes.

Preface to the Second Edition	p. v
Chapter 1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 Emergence of Nanotechnology	p. 4
1.3 Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches	p. 8
1.4 Challenges in Nanotechnology	p. 10
1.5 Scope of the Book	p. 13
References	p. 15
Chapter 2 Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces	p. 19
2.1 Introduction	p. 19
2.2 Surface Energy	p. 21
2.3 Chemical Potential as a Function of Surface Curvature	p. 32
2.4 Electrostatic Stabilization	p. 38
2.4.1 Surface charge density	p. 38
2.4.2 Electric potential at the proximity of solid surface	p. 39
2.4.3 Van der Waals attraction potential	p. 43
2.4.4 Interactions between two particles: DLVO theory	p. 45
2.5 Steric Stabilization	p. 50
2.5.1 Solvent and polymer	p. 51
2.5.2 Interactions between polymer layers	p. 53
2.5.3 Mixed steric and electric interactions	p. 57
2.6 Summary	p. 57
References	p. 57
Chapter 3 Zero-Dimensional Nanostructures: Nanoparticles	p. 61
3.1 Introduction	p. 61
3.2 Nanoparticles Through Homogeneous Nucleation	p. 63
3.2.1 Fundamentals of homogeneous nucleation	p. 63
3.2.2 Subsequent growth of nuclei	p. 69
3.2.2.1 Growth controlled by diffusion	p. 70
3.2.2.2 Growth controlled by surface process	p. 71
3.2.3 Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles	p. 75
3.2.3.1 Influences of reduction reagents	p. 80
3.2.3.2 Influences by other factors	p. 83
3.2.3.3 Influences of polymer stabilizer	p. 86
3.2.4 Synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles	p. 93
3.2.5 Synthesis of oxide nanoparticles	p. 102
3.2.5.1 Introduction to sol-gel processing	p. 102
3.2.5.2 Forced hydrolysis	p. 106
3.2.5.3 Controlled release of ions	p. 108
3.2.6 Vapor phase reactions	p. 110
3.2.7 Solid-state phase segregation	p. 112
3.3 Nanoparticles Through Heterogeneous Nucleation	p. 116
3.3.1 Fundamentals of heterogeneous nucleation	p. 116
3.3.2 Synthesis of nanoparticles	p. 118
3.4 Kinetically Confined Synthesis of Nanoparticles	p. 119
3.4.1 Synthesis inside micelles or using microemulsions	p. 121
3.4.2 Aerosol synthesis	p. 123
3.4.3 Growth termination	p. 124
3.4.4 Spray pyrolysis	p. 126
3.4.5 Template-based synthesis	p. 126
3.5 Epitaxial Core-Shell Nanoparticles	p. 127
3.6 Summary	p. 130
References	p. 131
Chapter 4 One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Nanowires and Nanorods	p. 143
4.1 Introduction	p. 143
4.2 Spontaneous Growth	p. 145
4.2.1 Evaporation (dissolution)-condensation growth	p. 146
4.2.1.1 Fundamentals of evaporation (dissolution)-condensation growth	p. 146
4.2.1.2 Evaporation-condensation growth	p. 154
4.2.1.3 Dissolution-condensation growth	p. 159
4.2.2 Vapor (or solution)-liquid-solid (VLS or SLS) growth	p. 164
4.2.2.1 Fundamental aspects of VLS and SLS growth	p. 164
4.2.2.2 VLS growth of various nanowires	p. 170
4.2.2.3 Control of the size of nanowires	p. 172
4.2.2.4 Precursors and catalysts	p. 177
4.2.2.5 Solution-liquid-solid growth	p. 180
4.2.3 Stress-induced recrystallization	p. 183
4.3 Template-Based Synthesis	p. 183
4.3.1 Electrochemical deposition	p. 184
4.3.2 Electrophoretic deposition	p. 196
4.3.3 Template filling	p. 204
4.3.3.1 Colloidal dispersion filling	p. 204
4.3.3.2 Melt and solution filling	p. 206
4.3.3.3 Chemical vapor deposition	p. 207
4.3.3.4 Deposition by centrifugation	p. 207
4.3.4 Converting through chemical reactions	p. 208
4.4 Electrospinning	p. 213
4.5 Lithography	p. 215
4.6 Summary	p. 219
References	p. 219
Chapter 5 Two-Dimensional Nanostructures: Thin Films	p. 229
5.1 Introduction	p. 229
5.2 Fundamentals of Film Growth	p. 230
5.3 Vacuum Science	p. 235
5.4 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)	p. 240
5.4.1 Evaporation	p. 240
5.4.2 Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)	p. 243
5.4.3 Sputtering	p. 245
5.4.4 Comparison of evaporation and sputtering	p. 247
5.5 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)	p. 248
5.5.1 Typical chemical reactions	p. 248
5.5.2 Reaction kinetics	p. 251
5.5.3 Transport phenomena	p. 251
5.5.4 CVD methods	p. 254
5.5.5 Diamond films by CVD	p. 258
5.6 Atomic Layer Deposition	p. 260
5.7 Superlattices	p. 265
5.8 Self-Assembly	p. 267
5.8.1 Monolayers of organosilicon or alkylsilane derivatives	p. 270
5.8.2 Monolayers of alkanethiols and sulfides	p. 273
5.8.3 Monolayers of carboxylic acids, amines, and alcohols	p. 276
5.9 Langmuir-Blodgett Films	p. 277
5.10 Electrochemical Deposition	p. 282
5.11 Sol-Gel Films	p. 284
5.12 Summary	p. 289
References	p. 289
Chapter 6 Special Nanomaterials	p. 297
6.1 Introduction	p. 297
6.2 Carbon Fullerenes and Nanotubes	p. 297
6.2.1 Carbon fullerenes	p. 298
6.2.2 Fullerene-derived crystals	p. 300
6.2.3 Carbon nanotubes	p. 300
6.3 Micro and Mesoporous Materials	p. 308
6.3.1 Ordered mesoporous structures	p. 308
6.3.2 Random mesoporous structures	p. 320
6.3.3 Crystalline microporous materials: Zeolites	p. 324
6.4 Core-Shell Structures	p. 333
6.4.1 Metal-oxide structures	p. 334
6.4.2 Metal-polymer structures	p. 336
6.4.3 Oxide-polymer nanostructures	p. 338
6.5 Organic-Inorganic Hybrids	p. 339
6.5.1 Class 1 hybrids	p. 340
6.5.2 Class 2 hybrids	p. 341
6.6 Intercalation Compounds	p. 344
6.7 Nanocomposites and Nanograined Materials	p. 346
6.8 Inverse Opals	p. 350
6.9 Bio-Induced Nanomaterials	p. 353
6.10 Summary	p. 354
References	p. 354
Chapter 7 Nanostructures Fabricated by Physical Techniques	p. 369
7.1 Introduction	p. 369
7.2 Lithography	p. 371
7.2.1 Photolithography	p. 371
7.2.2 Phase-shifting photolithography	p. 375
7.2.3 Electron beam lithography	p. 377
7.2.4 X-ray lithography	p. 379
7.2.5 Focused ion beam (FIB) lithography	p. 381
7.2.6 Neutral atomic beam lithography	p. 384
7.3 Nanomanipulation and Nanolithography	p. 386
7.3.1 Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)	p. 387
7.3.2 Atomic force microscopy (AFM)	p. 389
7.3.3 Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)	p. 391
7.3.4 Nanomanipulation	p. 394
7.3.5 Nanolithography	p. 400
7.4 Soft Lithography	p. 405
7.4.1 Microcontact printing	p. 405
7.4.2 Molding	p. 408
7.4.3 Nanoimprint	p. 408
7.4.4 Dip-pen nanolithography	p. 411
7.5 Assembly of Nanoparticles and Nanowires	p. 412
7.5.1 Capillary forces	p. 413
7.5.2 Dispersion interactions	p. 416
7.5.3 Shear-force-assisted assembly	p. 417
7.5.4 Electric-field-assisted assembly	p. 418
7.5.5 Covalently linked assembly	p. 418
7.5.6 Gravitational-field-assisted assembly	p. 419
7.5.7 Template-assisted assembly	p. 419
7.6 Other Methods for Microfabrication	p. 420
7.7 Summary	p. 422
References	p. 422
Chapter 8 Characterization and Properties of Nanomaterials	p. 433
8.1 Introduction	p. 433
8.2 Structural Characterization	p. 434
8.2.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD)	p. 435
8.2.2 Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)	p. 436
8.2.3 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)	p. 441
8.2.4 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)	p. 444
8.2.5 Scanning probe microscopy (SPM)	p. 445
8.2.6 Gas adsorption	p. 450
8.3 Chemical Characterization	p. 452
8.3.1 Optical spectroscopy	p. 452
8.3.2 Electron spectroscopy	p. 457
8.3.3 Ion spectrometry	p. 459
8.4 Physical Properties of Nanomaterials	p. 461
8.4.1 Melting points and lattice constants	p. 462
8.4.2 Mechanical properties	p. 467
8.4.3 Optical properties	p. 472
8.4.3.1 Surface plasmon resonance	p. 473
8.4.3.2 Quantum size effects	p. 478
8.4.4 Electrical conductivity	p. 483
8.4.4.1 Surface scattering	p. 483
8.4.4.2 Change of electronic structure	p. 488
8.4.4.3 Quantum transport	p. 488
8.4.4.4 Effect of microstructure	p. 492
8.4.5 Ferroelectrics and dielectrics	p. 493
8.4.6 Superparamagnetism	p. 496
8.5 Summary	p. 498
References	p. 499
Chapter 9 Applications of Nanomaterials	p. 509
9.1 Introduction	p. 509
9.2 Molecular Electronics and Nanoelectronics	p. 510
9.3 Nanobots	p. 512
9.4 Biological Applications of Nanoparticles	p. 514
9.5 Catalysis by Gold Nanoparticles	p. 516
9.6 Bandgap Engineered Quantum Devices	p. 518
9.6.1 Quantum well devices	p. 518
9.6.2 Quantum dot devices	p. 521
9.7 Nanomechanics	p. 522
9.8 Carbon Nanotube Emitters	p. 524
9.9 Energy Applications of Nanomaterials	p. 527
9.9.1 Photoelectrochemical cells	p. 527
9.9.2 Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries	p. 530
9.9.3 Hydrogen storage	p. 535
9.9.4 Thermoelectrics	p. 538
9.10 Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials	p. 540
9.11 Photonic Crystals and Plasmon Waveguides	p. 542
9.11.1 Photonic crystals	p. 542
9.11.2 Plasmon waveguides	p. 544
9.12 Summary	p. 546
References	p. 546
Appendices	p. 561
Index	p. 569

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