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Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
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Searching... | 30000010121140 | LB1028.38 B76 2006 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
The Essential of Instructional Design: Connecting Fundamental Principles with Process and Practice is designed to introduce the essential elements of instructional design to students who are new to ID, providing an overview of the fundamental principles, processes, and practices that currently shape and define the field. Unlike most other ID books, this book provides an overview of the principles and practice of ID without placing emphasis on any one ID model. Offering the voice of instructional designers from a number of professional settings students learn how professional organizations put the various ID processes into practice. Providing real life examples from instructional designers working in various professional settings students learn how organizations put the various ID processes into practice.
Table of Contents
Part 1 Before You Begin Designing Instruction | p. 1 |
1 Defining Instructional Design | p. 2 |
Key Terms | p. 2 |
Guiding Questions | p. 3 |
Chapter Overview | p. 4 |
What Is Instructional Design? | p. 5 |
Models of Instructional Design/Development | p. 9 |
Professional Instructional Design Practice | p. 13 |
Traditional Approaches (Analyze, Develop, Evaluate) | p. 14 |
Nontraditional Approaches | p. 16 |
Summary | p. 24 |
Connecting Process to Practice | p. 24 |
Recommended Readings | p. 25 |
References | p. 25 |
2 Understanding How People Think | p. 28 |
Key Terms | p. 28 |
Guiding Questions | p. 29 |
Chapter Overview | p. 30 |
Cognition and Basic Cognitive Functions | p. 30 |
Cognition | p. 30 |
Basic Cognitive Functions | p. 31 |
Historical Perspectives on Thinking: A Brief History | p. 32 |
Modern Views on Thinking: The Shift from Philosophy to Psychology | p. 34 |
Two Major Perspectives | p. 35 |
Two More Recent Perspectives | p. 37 |
Instructional Designers' Views on Thinking | p. 38 |
Summary | p. 40 |
Connecting Process to Practice | p. 40 |
Recommended Readings | p. 41 |
References | p. 41 |
3 Understanding How People Learn | p. 44 |
Key Terms | p. 44 |
Guiding Questions | p. 45 |
Chapter Overview | p. 46 |
What Is Learning? | p. 46 |
Two Major, Divergent Approaches to How People Learn | p. 47 |
Behaviorism | p. 47 |
Cognitivism | p. 50 |
A Third Approach: Constructivism | p. 51 |
Use of All Three Approaches | p. 52 |
Types of Learning | p. 52 |
Cognitive Domain | p. 53 |
Affective Domain | p. 54 |
Psychomotor Domain | p. 54 |
Summary | p. 56 |
Connecting Process to Practice | p. 57 |
Recommended Readings | p. 57 |
References | p. 57 |
4 Managing Instructional Media Production | p. 60 |
Key Terms | p. 60 |
Guiding Questions | p. 61 |
Chapter Overview | p. 62 |
The Production Process | p. 62 |
Organization of a Production Team | p. 63 |
Production Management | p. 66 |
Production Calendar | p. 67 |
Style Guides | p. 71 |
Storyboards | p. 71 |
Prototyping | p. 74 |
Communication and Conflict Resolution | p. 76 |
Product Evaluation | p. 79 |
Usability Testing | p. 80 |
A Final Thought | p. 80 |
Summary | p. 81 |
Connecting Process to Practice | p. 82 |
Recommended Readings | p. 82 |
References | p. 83 |
Part 2 Examining the Situation: Needs, Task, and Learner Analysis | p. 85 |
5 Conducting Needs Analysis | p. 86 |
Key Terms | p. 86 |
Guiding Questions | p. 87 |
Chapter Overview | p. 88 |
Needs Analysis: An Overview | p. 88 |
Needs Analysis Questions | p. 89 |
Popular Approaches to Needs Analysis | p. 90 |
Mager's Performance Analysis | p. 90 |
Morrison, Ross, and Kemp's Three Approaches | p. 93 |
Rossett's Five-Step Approach | p. 95 |
Smith and Ragan's Three Needs Assessment Models | p. 97 |
Needs Analysis Procedure | p. 98 |
Determination of the Desired Change | p. 98 |
The Party Requesting the Desired Change | p. 99 |
Implementation Location for the Desired Change | p. 99 |
The Intervention | p. 100 |
Evaluation of the Success of a Needs Analysis | p. 100 |
Summary | p. 101 |
Connecting Process to Practice | p. 102 |
Recommended Readings | p. 103 |
References | p. 103 |
6 Conducting Task Analysis | p. 104 |
Key Terms | p. 104 |
Guiding Questions | p. 105 |
Chapter Overview | p. 106 |
What Is Task Analysis? | p. 106 |
Popular Approaches to Task Analysis | p. 107 |
Jonassen, Hannum, and Tessmer's Approach | p. 108 |
Morrison, Ross, and Kemp's Three Techniques | p. 108 |
Dick, Carey, and Carey's Instructional Analysis | p. 110 |
Smith and Ragan's Analysis of the Learning Task | p. 110 |
Task Analysis Procedure | p. 111 |
The Subject Matter Expert | p. 112 |
Task Analysis Document | p. 112 |
Influencing Factors | p. 112 |
Evaluation of the Success of a Task Analysis | p. 115 |
Summary | p. 117 |
Connecting Process to Practice | p. 118 |
Recommended Readings | p. 118 |
References | p. 119 |
7 Analyzing the Learners | p. 120 |
Key Terms | p. 120 |
Guiding Questions | p. 121 |
Chapter Overview | p. 122 |
Analysis of Learners | p. 122 |
Human Needs | p. 123 |
Captive Audience or Willing Volunteers? | p. 124 |
Popular Approaches to Analyzing Learners | p. 125 |
Mager's Approach | p. 125 |
Heinich, Molenda, Russell, and Smaldino's Approach | p. 127 |
Dick, Carey, and Carey's Method | p. 129 |
Smith and Ragan's Approach | p. 129 |
Morrison, Ross, and Kemp's Approach | p. 133 |
Learner Analysis Procedure | p. 133 |
Charting Learner Characteristics Data | p. 133 |
Creating a Fictitious Profile of the Typical Learner | p. 134 |
Comparing the Learner Ability Chart and the Learner Profile | p. 134 |
Evaluation of the Success of a Learner Analysis | p. 136 |
Summary | p. 137 |
Connecting Process to Practice | p. 137 |
Recommended Readings | p. 138 |
References | p. 138 |
Part 3 Creating Instruction: Planning, Designing, and Implementing the Intervention | p. 141 |
8 Developing Instructional Goals and Objectives | p. 142 |
Key Terms | p. 142 |
Guiding Questions | p. 143 |
Chapter Overview | p. 144 |
Instructional Goals and Objectives | p. 144 |
The Difference Between Goals and Objectives | p. 144 |
Popular Approaches to Setting Goals and Objectives | p. 146 |
Mager's Approach | p. 146 |
Dick, Carey, and Carey's Approaches | p. 146 |
"ABCD" Approach | p. 146 |
Morrison, Ross, and Kemp's Approach | p. 147 |
Goal Setting | p. 147 |
Translation of Goals into Objectives | p. 149 |
Evaluation of the Success of Instructional Goal Setting and Objective Specification | p. 153 |
Summary | p. 154 |
Connecting Process to Practice | p. 155 |
Recommended Readings | p. 156 |
References | p. 156 |
9 Organizing Instruction | p. 158 |
Key Terms | p. 158 |
Guiding Questions | p. 159 |
Chapter Overview | p. 160 |
Scope and Sequence of Instruction | p. 160 |
Levels of Organization: Macro, Micro, Vertical, and Horizontal | p. 162 |
Organizational Structures: Content and Media | p. 162 |
Events of Instruction | p. 162 |
Continuum of Learning Experiences | p. 164 |
Instructional Delivery | p. 167 |
Methods of Instructional Delivery | p. 167 |
Two Categories of Instructional Delivery | p. 169 |
Instructional Activities in Noneducational Situations | p. 170 |
Job Aids | p. 171 |
Effective Instruction | p. 171 |
Summary | p. 172 |
Connecting Process to Practice | p. 173 |
Recommended Readings | p. 174 |
References | p. 174 |
10 Creating Learning Environments and Producing Instructional Activities | p. 176 |
Key Terms | p. 176 |
Guiding Questions | p. 177 |
Chapter Overview | p. 178 |
Development of Instruction | p. 178 |
Teaching Pitfall | p. 178 |
Learning Environments | p. 180 |
Four Perspectives on the Design of Learning Environments | p. 180 |
Directed and Open-Ended Learning Environments | p. 181 |
Research Support for Instructional Practices | p. 186 |
Activities Based on Proven Effective Practices | p. 189 |
Identifying Similarities and Differences | p. 189 |
Summarizing and Note Taking | p. 192 |
Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition | p. 193 |
Homework and Practice | p. 194 |
Nonlinguistic Representations | p. 194 |
Cooperative Learning | p. 196 |
Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback | p. 196 |
Generating and Testing Hypotheses | p. 197 |
Questions, Cues, and Advance Organizers | p. 198 |
Summary | p. 198 |
Connecting Process to Practice | p. 199 |
Recommended Readings | p. 200 |
References | p. 200 |
Part 4 Evaluating Learner Success and the Instructional Design: Determining the Effect of the Intervention | p. 203 |
11 Evaluating Learner Achievement | p. 204 |
Key Terms | p. 204 |
Guiding Questions | p. 206 |
Chapter Overview | p. 206 |
Evaluation, Assessment, and Measurement | p. 206 |
Purpose of Evaluation | p. 207 |
Goal of Learner Evaluation | p. 208 |
Development of Learner Evaluations | p. 210 |
Validity and Reliability | p. 210 |
Criterion Referenced and Norm Referenced: Simplified | p. 211 |
The Starting Point: Instructional Objectives | p. 212 |
Implementation of Learner Evaluations | p. 229 |
Preinstruction | p. 229 |
During Instruction | p. 230 |
Postinstruction | p. 230 |
Determination of the Success of Learner Evaluations | p. 231 |
Instructional Designer's Role | p. 231 |
Summary | p. 232 |
Connecting Process to Practice | p. 233 |
Recommended Readings | p. 234 |
References | p. 235 |
12 Determining the Success of the Instructional Design Product and Process | p. 236 |
Key Terms | p. 236 |
Guiding Questions | p. 237 |
Chapter Overview | p. 238 |
Formative and Summative Evaluation | p. 238 |
Formative Evaluation | p. 238 |
Summative Evaluation | p. 248 |
Group Processing: Evaluating the Instructional Design Team | p. 255 |
Summary | p. 256 |
Connecting Process to Practice | p. 257 |
Recommended Readings | p. 258 |
References | p. 258 |
Index | p. 261 |