Internet architectures

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Title:

Personal Author:

Minoli, Daniel, 1952-

Publication Information:

New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1999

ISBN:

9780471190813

Subject Term:

Internet

Computer network architectures

Added Author:

Schmidt, Andrew

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ KL	30000005017029	TK5105.875.I57 M56 1999	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

The anatomy of the Internet: how it's structured, what makes it work, who controls it, and how to support internetworking capabilities in your organization

If you work in any aspect of internetworking planning, design, development, or management, you need to have as complete a picture as possible of how the Internet is structured and what makes it work. Internet Architectures explains Internet components and the technical relationships between them, names the key players involved and the agreements currently in place between them, reveals proprietary architectures, and arms you with a wealth of practical information on:

* Backbone technologies, including packet over SONET

* Protocols and a description of ISP network architectures

* Servers, routers, and software

* Communications infrastructures

* Access technology, including xDSL, ADSL, FITL, and frame relay

* QoS and its support technologies, including ATM, RSVP, IPv6

* Policy, regulation, peering, and reciprocity arrangements

* Multimedia and supporting technology

* Internetworking security

Author Notes

Daniel Minoli has been a network consultant to Teleport, DVI Communications, and Bellcore. recently played a key role in the foundation of two networking companies: Global Nautical Networks, a provider of mobile Internet and data services to marinas, and InfoPort Communications Group, an optical and Gigabit Ethernet metropolitan carrier. He has also taught at New York University, Stevens Institute of Technology, Carnegie-Mellon University, and Monmounth University. An author of best-selling books on telecommunications and data communications, he has written columns for ComputerWorld, NetworkWorld, and Network Computing. He is the author of Telecommunications Handbook, Second Edition, also published by Artech House.

050

Acknowledgments	p. xv
Preface	p. xvii
Part 1 The Internet, Its Architecture, and the Stakeholders	p. 1
Chapter 1 Introduction: From Concept to the De Facto Public-Switched Data Network	p. 3
1.1 Internet-Based Enterprise Communication	p. 3
1.2 Challenges Faced by Enterprise Users	p. 4
1.3 Challenges Faced by Providers	p. 5
1.4 Scope of Analysis	p. 6
1.5 A Snapshot History of the Internet	p. 10
1.5.1 Packet Switching	p. 12
1.5.2 The Internet's Infancy: 1960s	p. 14
1.5.3 The Internet's Early Years: 1970s	p. 17
1.5.4 The Internet's Growth Begins: 1980s	p. 21
1.5.5 Internet Privatization: 1990s	p. 26
1.6 Conclusion	p. 29
References	p. 30
Appendix Internet Time Line	p. 31
Chapter 2 Internet Service Provider Architectures and Services	p. 37
2.1 ISP Services and Architectures	p. 38
2.1.1 Dial-Up Access Network Architectures	p. 39
2.1.2 Integrated Services Digital Network	p. 41
2.1.3 Customer's Access Router	p. 44
2.1.4 Digital Subscriber Access Architectures	p. 44
2.1.5 Dedicated Access Technologies	p. 46
2.1.6 Packet over SONET	p. 47
2.1.7 Frame Relay Service	p. 48
2.1.8 ISP Points of Presence Architecture	p. 50
2.2 Putting It All Together: National Services and Networks	p. 55
2.2.1 National Architectures	p. 56
2.2.2 Design Criteria	p. 59
2.2.3 Transit: A First Look	p. 63
2.2.4 Value-Added Services	p. 66
2.3 ISP Creation Costs	p. 69
2.3.1 Customer Access Equipment	p. 69
2.3.2 Carrier Facilities and IP Transit Services	p. 70
2.3.3 Network Services Hardware	p. 71
2.3.4 Personnel Costs	p. 72
References	p. 74
Chapter 3 ISP Business Relationships	p. 77
3.1 Peering Arrangements	p. 77
3.1.1 Peering Requirements	p. 80
3.1.2 ISP Tiering	p. 81
3.2 NAPs and Traffic Exchange	p. 82
3.2.1 NAP Case Study	p. 83
3.2.2 Route Servers	p. 89
3.2.3 Direct Interconnections	p. 90
3.3 Billing Models: Usage, Session Accounting, and Quality-Based	p. 90
3.3.1 Flat Rate	p. 91
3.3.2 Usage-Based	p. 92
3.3.3 Quality-Based	p. 94
3.4 Exchange Point Roles in the Future: Internet2 and GigaPOPs	p. 96
3.4.1 What Is Internet2?	p. 96
3.4.2 GigaPOP Services	p. 99
3.4.3 GigaPOP Operations	p. 99
3.4.4 GigaPOP Quality of Service	p. 100
References	p. 101
Notes	p. 101
Appendix A	p. 102
National Science Foundation	p. 102
I. Purpose of This Solicitation	p. 102
II. Background	p. 104
III. Network Architecture and Project Requirements	p. 105
Footnotes to Appendix A	p. 113
Appendix B Chicago NAP Multilateral Peering Agreement	p. 114
I. The Multilateral Peering Agreement	p. 114
II. Implementation of This Agreement	p. 115
III. The Management of This Agreement	p. 115
IV. Regulation of This Agreement	p. 116
V. Commitment to Free Exchange of Information	p. 116
Part 2 Evolving Internet Requirements	p. 119
Chapter 4 The Need for QoS-Based Communications	p. 121
4.1 Background	p. 121
4.2 Evolving Time-Sensitive Applications	p. 123
4.2.1 Voice-over-Data Networks	p. 128
4.2.2 Video and Multimedia Applications	p. 131
4.3 QoS-Enabled Communication Is Coming--Read On	p. 149
References	p. 149
Notes	p. 151
Chapter 5 Contemporary Example of QoS Requirements in the Internet: A Case Study with Wider Implications	p. 153
5.1 Overview	p. 154
5.1.1 Business Drivers	p. 156
5.1.2 History	p. 159
5.2 ANX Certification Metrics	p. 160
5.2.1 Network Core Services	p. 161
5.2.2 Interoperability	p. 163
5.2.3 Performance Metrics	p. 163
5.2.4 Reliability	p. 164
5.2.5 Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery	p. 165
5.2.6 Security Metrics	p. 166
5.2.7 Customer Care	p. 168
5.2.8 Trouble Handling	p. 168
5.2.9 Certification Procedures	p. 169
5.3 Conclusion	p. 170
References	p. 171
Notes	p. 172
Part 3 QoS Support in the Internet: Technologies and Protocols	p. 173
Chapter 6 Frame Relay Technology for ISP Support and QoS Questions	p. 175
6.1 Motivation for Frame Relay	p. 176
6.2 Frame Relay Technology and Services	p. 180
6.2.1 Basic Frame Relay Service Concepts	p. 180
6.2.2 Enterprise Networking Applications	p. 186
6.2.3 Voice Considerations	p. 191
6.3 Additional Details on Frame Relay Technology and Services	p. 193
6.3.1 Recent Evolution of Enterprise Networks	p. 196
6.3.2 Key Frame Relay and Cell Relay Concepts	p. 201
References	p. 234
Notes	p. 234
Chapter 7 ATM Technology for ISPs and QoS Support Capabilities	p. 237
7.1 ATM Basics	p. 241
7.2 Overview of Key ATM Features	p. 248
7.2.1 Cell Format	p. 250
7.2.2 Addressing	p. 252
7.2.3 The Protocol Model	p. 253
7.2.4 Support of Existing Protocols over ATM	p. 256
7.2.5 Classes of Service	p. 261
7.2.6 Traffic Management Version and Congestion Control	p. 267
7.2.7 Call Admission Control in UNI 4.0	p. 277
7.2.8 Specific ATM Layer QoS Mechanisms	p. 284
7.3 QoS by Menu	p. 290
7.3.1 Specified QoS Classes	p. 291
7.3.2 Unspecified QoS Class	p. 292
7.4 Additional Features Supported in TM 4.0	p. 292
7.5 Conclusion	p. 296
References	p. 296
Notes	p. 297
Chapter 8 Layer 3 Fundamentals with an Eye to QoS: IP, IPv6, Internet Routing, and BGP	p. 301
8.1 Overview	p. 301
8.2 IP/Internet Background	p. 302
8.2.1 Internet Protocol Suite	p. 303
8.2.2 TCP/IP in the Internet	p. 307
8.3 A Technical Primer of IP and Routing	p. 309
8.3.1 Routing Functions	p. 312
8.3.2 Routing Modes: Dynamic, Default, and Static Routes	p. 317
8.3.3 Dissemination of Network Status Information via Routing Protocols	p. 318
8.3.4 A Synopsis of IPv4	p. 326
8.3.5 Slip/PPP: Extending Routing Capabilities Off-Net	p. 339
8.3.6 IPv6	p. 343
8.4 Border Gateway Protocol Background	p. 352
8.4.1 Routing Protocol Architectures	p. 353
8.4.2 Autonomous Systems	p. 354
8.4.3 BGP Routing	p. 355
8.4.4 BGP Message Types	p. 356
8.4.5 BGP Operation	p. 362
8.5 Conclusion	p. 362
References	p. 363
Note	p. 364
Chapter 9 IP-Based Communication in ATM Environments: One ISP Approach to QoS	p. 365
9.1 Need for IP Support in ATM Networks	p. 366
9.1.1 Key Motivations	p. 368
9.1.2 The Need for Routers in Enterprise Networks	p. 370
9.2 A Baseline for Discussion: Dynamics in Enterprise/Backbone Networking Designs	p. 372
9.2.1 Internetworking Level	p. 372
9.2.2 WAN/Backbone Level	p. 374
9.2.3 LAN Level	p. 377
9.3 Methods of IP Support in ATM	p. 377
9.3.1 LANE	p. 377
9.3.2 Classical IP-over-ATM	p. 381
9.3.3 MPOA	p. 387
9.3.4 Network Layer Switching	p. 391
References	p. 400
Notes	p. 400
Chapter 10 Generic IP-Based Communication: QoS Based on RSVP	p. 403
10.1 Introduction	p. 404
10.2 QoS Guarantees in IP-Based Networks	p. 405
10.3 RSVP	p. 407
10.3.1 Integrated Services Architecture	p. 407
10.3.2 RSVP Background	p. 409
10.3.3 RSVP Nomenclature and Mechanisms	p. 410
10.3.4 RSVP Protocol Operation	p. 418
10.3.5 Deployment	p. 422
10.3.6 Interworking RSVP with ATM	p. 424
10.4 Real-Time Transport Protocol	p. 427
10.4.1 RTP Usage Scenarios	p. 430
10.4.2 RTP PDU	p. 435
10.4.3 Multiplexing RTP Sessions	p. 438
10.4.4 Profile-Specific Modifications to the RTP Header	p. 438
10.5 RTP Control Protocol (RTCP)	p. 438
10.5.1 RTCP Functions	p. 439
10.5.2 RTCP Packet Format	p. 440
10.6 Support of QoS in Routers	p. 442
References	p. 447
Part 4 Evolving Access Technologies	p. 449
Chapter 11 xDSL Technology and Applications	p. 451
11.1 Overview	p. 451
11.2 Evolving xDSL Applications and Directions	p. 452
11.3 Technical Background	p. 460
11.4 Market Considerations	p. 463
11.5 An Application of the Technology	p. 466
11.5.1 Buyers of Telecommuting Services	p. 468
11.5.2 Computing and Communications Equipment	p. 470
11.6 Conclusion	p. 473
References	p. 473
Chapter 12 ISDN Origin of xDSL Technology	p. 475
12.1 ADSL Provenance	p. 475
12.2 ISDN Background	p. 476
12.3 ISDN Line-Encoding Method	p. 481
12.4 Copper Plant Issues	p. 486
12.4.1 Distribution Network Design	p. 487
12.4.2 Loop Electrical Issues	p. 489
12.4.3 Distribution Network Design	p. 489
12.4.4 Loop Carrier Facilities	p. 490
12.5 TR-303	p. 490
12.6 Conclusion	p. 493
References	p. 494
Notes	p. 494
Chapter 13 ADSL Physical Layer Technology	p. 495
13.1 Network and Customer Installation Interfaces: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Metallic Interface	p. 496
13.2 Reference Models	p. 498
13.3 Transport Capacity	p. 498
13.3.1 Simplex Bearers	p. 501
13.3.2 Duplex Bearers	p. 505
13.4 ATU-C Characteristics	p. 508
13.4.1 Framing	p. 510
13.5 ATU-R Characteristics	p. 512
13.6 Deployment and Recent Developments	p. 513
13.7 Conclusion	p. 516
References	p. 516
Index	p. 517

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