Cover image for Internet communications using SIP : delivering VoIP and multimedia services with Session Initiation Protocol
Title:
Internet communications using SIP : delivering VoIP and multimedia services with Session Initiation Protocol
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Edition:
2nd ed.
Publication Information:
Indianapolis, IN : Wiley Pub., 2006
ISBN:
9780471776574
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Summary

Summary

"This book is like a good tour guide.It doesn't just describe the major attractions; you share in the history, spirit, language, and culture of the place."
--Henning Schulzrinne, Professor, Columbia University

Since its birth in 1996, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has grown up. As a richer, much more robust technology, SIP today is fully capable of supporting the communication systems that power our twenty-first century work and life.

This second edition handbook has been revamped to cover the newest standards, services, and products. You'll find the latest on SIP usage beyond VoIP, including Presence, instant messaging (IM), mobility, and emergency services, as well as peer-to-peer SIP applications, quality-of-service, and security issues--everything you need to build and deploy today's SIP services.

This book will help you
* Work with SIP in Presence and event-based communications
* Handle SIP-based application-level mobility issues
* Develop applications to facilitate communications access for users with disabilities
* Set up Internet-based emergency services
* Explore how peer-to-peer SIP systems may change VoIP
* Understand the critical importance of Internet transparency
* Identify relevant standards and specifications
* Handle potential quality-of-service and security problems


Author Notes

Alan B. Johnston holds a B.E.(Hons) in electrical and electronic engineering from the University of Melbourne, Australia and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Lehigh University.

Johnston is an advisory engineer at WorldCom and an adjunct at Washington University.

050


Table of Contents

Forewordp. xxi
Acknowledgmentsp. xxiii
Introductionp. xxv
Chapter 1 Introductionp. 1
Problem: Too Many Public Networksp. 1
Incompatible Enterprise Communicationsp. 4
Network Consolidation: The Internetp. 4
Voice over IPp. 5
Presence-The Dial Tone for the Twenty-First Century?p. 6
The Value Proposition of SIPp. 6
SIP Is Not a Miracle Protocolp. 6
The Short History of SIPp. 7
References in This Bookp. 8
SIP Open Source Code and SIP Productsp. 9
References for Telephonyp. 10
Summaryp. 10
Referencesp. 10
Chapter 2 Internet Communications Enabled by SIPp. 11
Internet Multimedia Protocolsp. 12
The Value of Signalingp. 13
Protocols for Media Description, Media Transport, and other Multimedia Deliveryp. 14
Addressingp. 15
SIP in a Nutshellp. 15
SIP Capabilitiesp. 17
Overview of Services Provided by SIP Serversp. 18
Peer-to-Peer SIP (P2PSIP)p. 19
Caller Preferencesp. 19
Mobility in the Wider Conceptp. 20
Global Telephone Number Portabilityp. 20
SIP Application-Level Mobilityp. 20
Context-Aware Communications: Presence and IMp. 21
SIP Presencep. 21
Instant Messagingp. 23
The Integration of Communications with Applicationsp. 23
E-Commerce: Customer Relations Managementp. 23
Conferencing and Collaborationp. 24
Telephony Call Control Servicesp. 25
Intelligent Network Services Using SIP: ITU Services CS-1 and CS-2p. 25
SIP Service Creation-Telephony-Stylep. 26
ENUMp. 27
SIP Interworking with ITU-T Protocolsp. 27
Mixed Internet-PSTN Servicesp. 29
PSTN and INTerworking (PINT)p. 29
SPIRITSp. 29
TRIPp. 29
SIP Securityp. 31
SIP Accessibility to Communications for the Hearing and Speech Disabledp. 31
SIP Orphansp. 32
Commercial SIP Productsp. 32
What SIP Does Not Dop. 33
Divergent Views on the Networkp. 34
Summaryp. 35
Referencesp. 35
Chapter 3 Architectural Principles of the Internetp. 39
Telecom Architecturep. 39
Internet Architecturep. 42
The Internet Backbone Architecturep. 44
The Internet Standards Processp. 48
Protocols and Application Programming Interfacesp. 49
Is XML the Presentation Layer of the Internet Protocol Architecture?p. 50
Middle-Age Symptoms of the Internetp. 50
Fighting Complexityp. 51
Summaryp. 52
Referencesp. 52
Chapter 4 DNS and ENUMp. 53
Introductionp. 53
Addressing on the Internetp. 54
The Universal Resource Identifier (URI)p. 54
mailtop. 55
The Universal Resource Locator (URL)p. 55
Tel URIp. 56
The phone-contextp. 56
SIP URIp. 57
IANA ENUM Service Registrationsp. 58
The Domain Name Systemp. 58
Delegationp. 59
Cachingp. 59
A Partial DNS Glossaryp. 60
DNS and ENUM Usage Examplep. 62
Finding an Outgoing SIP Serverp. 63
Finding an Incoming SIP Server in the ENUM Casep. 64
Call Setup Delayp. 67
DNS-Based Routing Service Using SIPp. 67
SIP URI or Telephone Number?p. 67
The ENUM Functional Architecturep. 69
ENUM and Number Portabilityp. 71
Implementation Issuesp. 71
DNS and SIP User Preferencesp. 72
Application Scenarios for SIP Service Using ENUMp. 73
PBX Enterprise Voice Networkp. 74
Enterprise System with IP Communicationsp. 74
Residential User with ENUM Servicep. 76
Miscellaneous: ENUM Lookup of the Display Namep. 76
DNS and Securityp. 77
Impersonationp. 77
Eavesdroppingp. 77
Data Tamperingp. 78
Malicious Redirectionp. 78
Denial of Servicep. 78
Summaryp. 79
Referencesp. 79
Chapter 5 Real-Time Internet Multimediap. 81
Introductionp. 81
Freshening Up on IPp. 83
Multicast Protocolsp. 85
Multicast Address Allocationp. 85
Application-Level Multicastp. 86
Transport Protocolsp. 86
IP Network Layer Servicesp. 87
Differentiated Servicesp. 88
Resource Reservationp. 88
Integrated Services and DiffServ Networksp. 89
Multiprotocol Label Switchingp. 89
Media and Data Formatsp. 90
Media Transport Using RTPp. 91
RTP Payloads and Payload Format Specificationsp. 92
Multimedia Server Recording and Playback Controlp. 93
Session Descriptionp. 93
Session Announcementsp. 93
Session Invitationp. 93
Authentication and Key Distributionp. 94
Summaryp. 94
Referencesp. 94
Chapter 6 SIP Overviewp. 97
What Makes SIP Specialp. 97
SIP Enabled Networkp. 98
Watching How Sausages Are Being Madep. 101
What SIP Is Notp. 102
Introduction to SIPp. 102
Elements of a SIP Networkp. 106
User Agentsp. 106
Serversp. 106
Location Servicesp. 107
SIP Functionsp. 107
Address Resolutionp. 108
Session-Related Functionsp. 110
Session Setupp. 110
Media Negotiationp. 111
Session Modificationp. 114
Session Termination and Cancellationp. 116
Mid-Call Signalingp. 117
Call Controlp. 118
Preconditions Call Setupp. 121
Nonsession-Related Functionsp. 123
Mobilityp. 124
Message Transportp. 126
Event Subscription and Notificationp. 127
Presence Publicationp. 128
Authentication Challengesp. 128
Extensibilityp. 130
Summaryp. 132
Referencesp. 132
Chapter 7 SIP Service Creationp. 135
Services in SIPp. 135
Service Examplep. 136
Server Implementationp. 136
Called User Agent Implementationp. 137
Calling User Agent Implementationp. 138
Comparisonp. 140
New Methods and Headersp. 141
Service Creation Optionsp. 142
Call Processing Languagep. 142
Introduction to CPLp. 142
Example of CPL Scriptsp. 146
SIP Common Gateway Interfacep. 147
SIP Application Programming Interfacesp. 148
SIP Servletsp. 149
JAINp. 149
SIP and VoiceXMLp. 149
Summaryp. 150
Referencesp. 150
Chapter 8 User Preferencesp. 153
Introductionp. 153
Preferences of Callerp. 154
Example for Contactp. 156
Example for Accept-Contactp. 156
Example for Reject-Contactp. 156
Preferences of the Called Partyp. 157
Server Support for User Preferences and for Policiesp. 157
Summaryp. 157
Referencesp. 158
Chapter 9 SIP Securityp. 159
Threatsp. 159
Session Setupp. 160
Presence and IMp. 161
Security Mechanismsp. 162
Authenticationp. 162
Confidentialityp. 163
Secure SIP URI Schemep. 164
Integrityp. 165
Identityp. 165
Media Securityp. 166
SRTPp. 166
MIKEYp. 167
SDP Security Descriptionsp. 167
New Directionsp. 168
DTLSp. 169
ZRTPp. 169
Summaryp. 169
Referencesp. 170
Chapter 10 NAT and Firewall Traversalp. 173
Network Address Translatorsp. 174
Firewallsp. 177
STUN, TURN, and ICEp. 179
Application Layer Gatewaysp. 180
Privacy Considerationsp. 183
Summaryp. 184
Referencesp. 184
Chapter 11 SIP Telephonyp. 185
Basic Telephony Servicesp. 185
SIP and PSTN Interworkingp. 185
Gateway Location and Routingp. 186
SIP/PSTN Protocol Interworkingp. 187
Types of Gatewaysp. 188
SIP and Early Mediap. 188
SIP Telephony and ISUP Tunnelingp. 190
Enhanced Telephony Servicesp. 196
Call Control Services and Third-Party Call Controlp. 199
Problem Statementp. 199
The REFER Methodp. 201
SIP Third-Party Call Controlp. 202
Basic Third-Party Call Controlp. 203
Security for Third-Party Call Controlp. 203
Peer-to-Peer Third-Party Call Controlp. 205
Summaryp. 206
Referencesp. 207
Chapter 12 Voicemail and Universal Messagingp. 209
Problem Statement for Unified Messagingp. 209
Architecture and Operationp. 211
RTSP-Enabled Voice Message Retrievalp. 212
Depositing of Voice Messagesp. 214
Notification for Waiting Messagesp. 217
Simple Message Notification Formatp. 217
Rich Message Notification Formatp. 220
Retrieval of Messagesp. 221
Summaryp. 221
Referencesp. 221
Chapter 13 Presence and Instant Messagingp. 223
The Potential of SIP Presence, Events, and IMp. 224
The Evolution of IM and Presencep. 225
The IETF Model for Presence and IMp. 226
Client Server and Peer-to-Peer Presence and IMp. 228
SIP Event-Based Communications and Applicationsp. 229
Presence Event Packagep. 231
Presence Information Data Formatp. 233
The Data Model for Presencep. 235
Indication of Message Composition for IMp. 236
Rich Presence Informationp. 236
SIP Extensions for Instant Messagingp. 239
Summaryp. 241
Referencesp. 242
Chapter 14 SIP Conferencingp. 245
Introductionp. 245
SIP Conferencing Modelsp. 246
Ad Hoc and Scheduled Conferencesp. 249
Changing the Nature of a Conferencep. 249
Centralized Conferencingp. 251
Summaryp. 251
Referencesp. 251
Chapter 15 SIP Application Level Mobilityp. 253
Mobility in Different Protocol Layersp. 254
Dimensions of Mobilityp. 255
Examples of SIP Application-Layer Mobilityp. 256
SIP Network-Based Fixed-Mobile Convergencep. 261
SIP Device-Based Fixed-Mobile Convergencep. 263
SIP Application-Layer Mobility and Mobile IPp. 263
Multimodal Mobile Device Technology and Issuesp. 265
Network Control versus User Control of Mobilityp. 266
IEEE 802.21 Media-Independent Handover (MIH)p. 267
Network Selection Issuesp. 269
Summaryp. 270
Referencesp. 270
Chapter 16 Emergency and Preemption Communication Servicesp. 273
Requirementsp. 274
Location Informationp. 275
Types of Location Informationp. 275
Sources of Location Informationp. 275
DNS-Based Location Informationp. 275
Internet-Based Emergency Callingp. 277
Identifying an Internet Emergency Call: The SOS URIp. 278
Internet Emergency Call Routingp. 278
Security for Emergency Call Servicesp. 279
Using the PSTN for VoIP Emergency Callsp. 280
Emergency Communication Servicesp. 281
Emergency Call Preemption Using SIPp. 282
Linking SIP Preemption to IP Network and Link Layer Preemptionp. 284
Summaryp. 285
Referencesp. 285
Chapter 17 Accessibility for the Disabledp. 287
About Accessibilityp. 287
Accessibility on Legacy Networks and on the Internetp. 288
Requirements for Accessibilityp. 289
Text over IP (ToIP)p. 290
Performance Metrics for ToIPp. 293
Transcoding Servicesp. 294
Transcoding Scenariosp. 294
Call Control Models for Transcoding Servicesp. 296
Summaryp. 298
Referencesp. 299
Chapter 18 Quality of Service for Real-Time Internet Communicationsp. 301
Voice Quality Metricsp. 303
Delay Limits for Voicep. 303
Burst vs. Average Packet Lossp. 304
Acoustics and the Networkp. 304
Internet Codecsp. 305
Codecs in Wireless Networks and Transcodingp. 307
Codec Bandwidthp. 307
The Endpoint Quality for Voicep. 308
The Internet Performancep. 308
Concerns Regarding Congestion Controlp. 309
Internet Traffic Statistics: Voice Is Negligiblep. 309
A Summary of Internet QoS Technologiesp. 311
Best Effort Is for the Best Reasonsp. 313
Monitoring QoS for Real-Time Communicationsp. 314
Summaryp. 315
Referencesp. 315
Chapter 19 SIP Component Servicesp. 317
Master/Slave VoIP Systemsp. 318
IP Telephony Gatewaysp. 320
The Converged Applications Environmentp. 323
The Control of Service Contextp. 326
Voicemailp. 328
Collecting DTMF Digitsp. 330
Interactive Voice Response Systemp. 333
Scheduled Conference Servicep. 335
Summaryp. 337
Referencesp. 337
Chapter 20 Peer-to-Peer SIPp. 339
Definitions for P2P Networksp. 340
Overlay Networksp. 340
Peer-to-Peer Networksp. 341
Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs)p. 342
Characteristics of P2P Computingp. 344
Security of P2P Networksp. 344
The Chord Protocolp. 345
P2P SIPp. 346
CS SIP Modelp. 347
P2P SIP Modelp. 348
Use Cases for P2P SIPp. 348
Disruption of the VoIP Infrastructure Modelp. 349
Summaryp. 350
Referencesp. 351
Chapter 21 Conclusions and Future Directionsp. 353
Short Term Challengesp. 355
Future Services: The Internet Is the Servicep. 355
Still to Develop: Peer-to-Peer SIP Standardsp. 355
Prediction: The Long Road Aheadp. 356
Summaryp. 356
Referencesp. 356
Indexp. 357