VoIP emergency calling : foundations and practice

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
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Summary

This book provides a comprehensive view of the emerging standards for VoIP emergency calling from an International perspective

In this book, the authors provide a treatment of the VoIP emergency calling process that is both comprehensive, looking at all aspects of emergency calling, and practical, providing technical details on how such functions can be implemented. In addition, the authors describe the standardization efforts of the Internet Engineering Task Force who are currently working to improve the situation for VoIP emergency calls. The book provides an overview of emergency calling with a particular focus on the ECRIT emergency calling architecture, and discusses considerations related to implementation, deployment, and regulation of next-generation emergency calling. It also takes a look at practical aspects of emergency calling, with a set of exercises to help the reader get familiar with the technologies involved.

Key Features:

Comprehensive view of emerging standards for VoIP emergency calling from an international perspective Practical guides for implementing the core of the emergency calling architecture Architectural, practical, and regulatory perspectives Written by experts working on the development of emergency calling architectures and its implementation Includes an accompanying website with open-source software packages ( http://www.voip-sos.net/ )

This book will be an invaluable resource for product managers and developers, equipment vendors, network operators, emergency service providers, and telecommunications regulators. Industry professionals interested in standards compliance will also find this book of interest.

Author Notes

Dr. Karl Heinz Wolf, NIC.AT, Austria
Karl Heinz Wolf studied Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Technical University of Vienna. Since his thesis work, he has focused on VoIP-related technologies, and now works for NIC.AT, which he joined in June 2007. In addition, Karl has contributed to a number of projects related to VoIP-based emergency calls. Furthermore, he has developed several prototypes of emergency calling technologies and is active in emergency-relevant working groups in the IETF.

Richard Barnes, BBN Technologies, USA
Richard Barnes is a leader in standards related to security and real-time applications on the Internet. He currently chairs the IETF GEOPRIV working group, and serves on the program committee for the Emergency Services Workshop. In addition, as a scientist at BBN Technologies, he leads efforts to prototype geolocation and emergency services technologies.

Foreword	p. ix
Useful Links	p. xi
List of Abbreviations	p. xiii
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Calling over the Internet	p. 2
1.2 VoIP Emergency Calling Problem Statement	p. 2
1.3 Emergency Communication	p. 5
1.4 Overview of this Book	p. 6
References	p. 7
2 Emergency Calling	p. 9
2.1 Overview	p. 9
2.2 Infrastructure Requirements	p. 10
2.3 The Role of Location Information	p. 12
References	p. 16
3 The ECRIT Emergency Calling Architecture	p. 19
3.1 Overview	p. 20
3.2 Location Information	p. 22
3.2.1 PIDF-LO	p. 23
3.2.2 Location by Value and Location by Reference	p. 30
3.2.3 Location Conveyance	p. 33
3.3 Service URNs	p. 39
3.4 Determining the Appropriate PSAP - the LoST Protocol	p. 40
3.4.1 The Mapping Process - findService	p. 41
3.4.2 Retrieving the Service List - listServicesByLocation	p. 44
3.4.3 Address Validation	p. 46
3.4.4 Areas of Responsibility - serviceBoundary	p. 47
3.4.5 LoST Server Discovery	p. 49
3.4.6 LoST Architecture	p. 50
3.4.7 Private and Public LoST Trees	p. 53
3.4.8 LoST Synchronization	p. 54
3.5 The Emergency Call Itself	p. 57
3.5.1 Initiating Emergency Calls	p. 58
3.5.2 Routing Emergency Calls	p. 60
3.5.3 Assembling the SIP INVITE Message	p. 61
3.6 Home Dial String Configuration via LoST	p. 62
3.7 Deployment Models	p. 66
3.8 Considerations for Proxies	p. 69
3.9 Standardization	p. 71
3.10 Summary	p. 73
References	p. 74
4 Including Location Information	p. 77
4.1 Location Configuration	p. 78
4.1.1 HTTP Enabled Location Delivery (HELD)	p. 78
4.1.2 DHCP Options for Location Configuration	p. 84
4.1.3 LLDP-MED	p. 86
4.1.4 Protocol Comparison	p. 88
4.1.5 Conversion between Location Formats	p. 88
4.2 Positioning Using GPS	p. 90
4.3 Network-Based Positioning	p. 91
4.4 Location Hiding	p. 92
4.5 Default Location	p. 94
References	p. 94
5 Implementation and Regulatory Considerations	p. 97
5.1 Distribution of Implementation Tasks	p. 98
5.1.1 Emergency Call Centers (PSAPs)	p. 98
5.1.2 VoIP Software and Hardware Manufacturers	p. 99
5.1.3 Network Operators and ISPs	p. 100
5.1.4 VoIP Operators	p. 101
5.1.5 PSTN Operators	p. 102
5.1.6 Unassigned Responsibilities	p. 102
5.1.7 Summary	p. 103
5.2 Austria	p. 103
5.2.1 The Telecommunications Act	p. 104
5.2.2 KEM-V	p. 104
5.2.3 RTR Guidelines for VoIP Operators	p. 105
5.2.4 AK-TK Recommendations	p. 106
5.2.5 Emergency Calling in Austria	p. 107
5.3 The United States	p. 112
5.3.1 9-1-1 Regulation	p. 113
5.3.2 9-1-1 History	p. 116
5.3.3 Automatic Location Information	p. 120
5.4 The European Union	p. 122
5.5 Japan	p. 123
5.5.1 Regulatory Framework	p. 123
5.5.2 Call Handling	p. 126
5.5.3 Location Information and Privacy	p. 127
5.6 Summary	p. 129
References	p. 130
6 VoIP Emergency Calling in Practice	p. 133
6.1 Software	p. 133
6.1.1 HELD Clients and Servers	p. 134
6.1.2 DHCP Location Encoders and Decoders	p. 137
6.1.3 Wireshark for DHCP Location	p. 139
6.1.4 OpenLLDP	p. 139
6.1.5 HELD Support in Firefox	p. 140
6.1.6 LoST Implementations	p. 141
6.1.7 Zap! with Emergency Calling Extensions	p. 142
6.1.8 Ecritdroid	p. 145
6.1.9 EcritXUL	p. 147
6.1.10 Multi-Part Body Extension to Asterisk	p. 149
6.1.11 IMS Core Emergency Services	p. 150
6.2 Practice Exercises	p. 151
6.2.1 Location Configuration: DHCPv4 with Civic Addresses	p. 152
6.2.2 Location Configuration: Simulating a HELD Server	p. 155
6.2.3 Location Configuration: Location-Enabling a Network with HELD	p. 156
6.2.4 Mapping: Querying the LoST Server	p. 160
6.2.5 SIP Calling: Call Setup with Location Configuration	p. 162
6.2.6 ECRIT Calling: A Complete System	p. 166
References	p. 170
7 Security	p. 171
7.1 ECRIT Security	p. 172
7.1.1 Determining the Caller's Location	p. 172
7.1.2 Determining the Proper PSAP	p. 175
7.1.3 Delivering the Call	p. 175
7.1.4 Considerations for Proxies	p. 176
7.2 Location Security	p. 177
7.2.1 Location Privacy	p. 178
7.2.2 Location Assurance	p. 182
7.2.3 Location Protection	p. 184
7.3 PSAP and VoIP Network Security	p. 186
7.3.1 Basic PSAP Protection Measures	p. 187
7.3.2 PSAP Fraud Mitigation	p. 188
7.3.3 VoIP Provider Call Validation	p. 192
References	p. 195
8 Ongoing Emergency Calling Work	p. 197
8.1 Prototyping, Implementation, and Interoperability	p. 198
8.2 Ongoing Standardization Issues	p. 200
8.2.1 Default PSAPs	p. 200
8.2.2 Unauthenticated Emergency Calls	p. 200
8.2.3 VPN Problems	p. 201
8.2.4 Home Emergency Dial String Issues	p. 201
8.2.5 Updating the List of Available Emergency Services - the LoST Service List Boundary	p. 202
8.2.6 Order of Location Configuration	p. 204
8.2.7 Notifying Users of Emergency Calls	p. 205
8.2.8 Connecting Emergency Dial Strings and Emergency Authorities	p. 205
8.2.9 Disconnection during an Emergency Call	p. 206
8.2.10 LLDP-MED ELIN will not be Supported	p. 206
8.2.11 Civic Boundaries	p. 206
8.2.12 LoST Service Boundary References and Location Types	p. 207
8.2.13 Emergency Calls to Counseling Services	p. 208
8.3 Ongoing Implementation Issues	p. 209
8.3.1 Service URNs as Request URIs	p. 209
8.3.2 Converting from the DHCP Location Format to PIDF-LO	p. 209
8.3.3 LLDP-MED Difficulties	p. 210
8.3.4 Multi-Part SIP Bodies and Message Size	p. 210
References	p. 211
9 Summary and the Outlook for the Future	p. 213
Index	p. 217

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