Title:
Voice and video conferencing fundamentals
Personal Author:
Publication Information:
New York : Cisco Pr., 2007
ISBN:
9781587052682
Available:*
Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
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Searching... | 30000010157279 | HF5734.7 F57 2007 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
On Order
Summary
Summary
Voice and Video Conferencing Fundamentals
Design, develop, select, deploy, and support advanced IP-based audio and video conferencing systems Scott Firestone, Thiya Ramalingam, Steve Fry As audio and video conferencing move rapidly into the mainstream, customers and end users are demanding unprecedented performance, reliability, scalability, and security. In Voice and Video Conferencing Fundamentals , three leading experts systematically introduce the principles, technologies, and protocols underlying today''s state-of-the-art conferencing systems. Discover how to use these concepts and techniques to deliver unified, presence-enabled services that integrate voice, video, telephony, networks, and the Internet--and enable breakthrough business collaboration. The authors begin with a clear, concise overview of current voice and video conferencing, including system components, operational modes, endpoints, features, and user interactivity. Next, they illuminate conferencing architectures, offering practical insights for designing today''s complex IP-based conferencing and collaboration systems. Topics covered in this book include video codecs, media control, SIP and H.323 protocols and applications, lip synchronization in video conferencing, security, and much more. Throughout the book, the authors draw on their extensive experience as Cisco#65533; technical leaders, showing how to avoid the most common pitfalls that arise in planning, deployment, and administration. Voice and Video Conferencing Fundamentals is for every professional involved with audio or video conferencing: network and system administrators, engineers, technology managers, and Cisco solution partners alike. Whether you''re involved with design, development, selection, implementation, management, or support, you''ll find the in-depth knowledge you need to succeed. Scott Firestone holds a master''s degree in computer science from MIT and has designed video conferencing and voice products since 1992, resulting in five patents. Thiya Ramalingam is an engineering manager for the Cisco Unified Communications organization. Thiya holds a master''s degree in computer engineering and an MBA degree from San Jose State University. Steve Fry , a technical leader in the Cisco Unified Communication organization, has spent the last several years designing and developing telephony and conferencing products. Thoroughly understand the fundamentals of audio and video conferencing over IP networks Architect networks for optimal performance and reliability in conferencing applications Leverage new advances in video architecture, from emerging codecs to distributed implementations Understand how SIP and H.323 compare, and when to use each Optimize synchronization between audio and video Secure conferencing traffic without compromising performance or connectivity Learn how to evaluate vendors and make better buying decisions Foreword Introduction Chapter 1 Overview of Conferencing Services Chapter 2 Conferencing System Design and Architecture Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Video Compression Chapter 4 Media Control and Transport Chapter 5 Signaling Protocols: Conferencing Using SIP Chapter 6 Signaling Protocols: Conferencing Using H. Chapter 7 Lip Synchronization in Video Conferencing Chapter 8 Security Design in Conferencing Appendix A Video Codec Standards This book is part of the Cisco Press#65533; Fundamentals Series. Books in this series introduce networking professionals to new networking technologies, covering network topologies, sample deployment concepts, protocols, and management techniques. Category: Cisco Press/Networking Covers: Voice and video conferencing 1587052687Author Notes
About the Authors
Scott Firestone holds a master's degree in computer science from MIT and has designed video conferencing and voice products since 1992, resulting in five patents. During his 10 years as a technical leader at Cisco, Scott developed architectures and solutions related to video conferencing, voice and video streaming, and voice-over-IP security. Thiya Ramalingam is an engineering manager for the Unified Communications organization at Cisco. Thiya holds a master's degree in computer engineering and an MBA from San Jose State University. He holds several patents issued and pending, related to voice and video over IP. Thiya is currently leading the development of multimedia conferencing products at Cisco. Steve Fry is a technical leader in the Unified Communications organization at Cisco. For the past several years, Steve has been involved in the design and development of telephony and conferencing products. Prior to his conferencing projects, he was a principal engineer on the CallManager MGCP gateway products. He is currently leading product development in video conferencing.Table of Contents
Foreword | p. xviii |
Introduction | p. xix |
Chapter 1 Overview of Conferencing Services | p. 3 |
Conference Types 3Ad Hoc Conferences p. 4 | |
Reservationless Conferences | p. 5 |
Scheduled Conferences | p. 6 |
Voice and Video Conferencing Components | p. 9 |
Video Conferencing Modes | p. 11 |
Voice-Activated Conferences | p. 11 |
Continuous Presence Conferences | p. 13 |
Lecture Mode and Round-Robin Conferences | p. 15 |
Types of Endpoints | p. 16 |
Desktop Conferencing Systems | p. 16 |
Room Conferencing Systems | p. 16 |
Telepresence Systems | p. 16 |
Video Controls: Far-End Camera Control | p. 17 |
Text Overlay | p. 18 |
Summary | p. 18 |
Chapter 2 | p. 21 |
Components of a Conferencing System | p. 21 |
User Interface | p. 23 |
Conference Control | p. 25 |
Control Plane | p. 26 |
Media Plane | p. 27 |
Conferencing Architectures | p. 37 |
Centralized Architecture | p. 37 |
Distributed Architecture | p. 38 |
Full-Mesh Networks | p. 40 |
Advanced Conferencing Scenarios | p. 41 |
Escalation of Point-to-Point-to-Multipoint Call | p. 41 |
Lecture Mode Conferences | p. 41 |
Panel Mode Conference | p. 42 |
Floor Control | p. 42 |
Video Mixing and Switching Scenarios | p. 42 |
Summary | p. 43 |
References | p. 43 |
Chapter 3 | p. 45 |
Evaluating Video Quality, Bit Rate, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio | p. 45 |
Video Source Formats | p. 47 |
Profiles and Levels | p. 47 |
Frame Rates, Form Factors, and Layouts | p. 47 |
Standard and High Definitions | p. 48 |
Color Formats | p. 49 |
Basics of Video Coding | p. 52 |
Preprocessing | p. 52 |
Post-Processing | p. 54 |
Encoder Overview | p. 55 |
Hybrid Coding | p. 72 |
Hybrid Decoder | p. 72 |
P-Frames | p. 74 |
Hybrid Encoder | p. 74 |
Predictor Loop | p. 76 |
Motion Estimation | p. 77 |
B-Frames | p. 82 |
Predictor Loops for Parameters | p. 86 |
Error Resiliency | p. 88 |
Scalable Layered Codecs | p. 91 |
SNR and Spatial Scalability | p. 93 |
Temporal Scalability | p. 95 |
Switching Frames | p. 99 |
Video Codecs | p. 100 |
Video Stream Hierarchy | p. 100 |
Macroblocks | p. 101 |
HD-Capable Codecs | p. 102 |
Summary | p. 102 |
References | p. 103 |
Chapter 4 | p. 105 |
Overview of RTP | p. 105 |
RTP Header | p. 107 |
RTP Port Numbers | p. 111 |
SSRC Collisions | p. 111 |
RTP Header Extensions | p. 112 |
Overview of RTCP | p. 113 |
RTCP Packet Headers | p. 113 |
RTCP Sender Report | p. 114 |
RTCP Receiver Report | p. 116 |
RTCP Source Description (SDES) | p. 117 |
RTCP BYE | p. 119 |
RTCP APP | p. 120 |
RTP Devices in Conference Systems | p. 120 |
RTP Translator | p. 120 |
RTP Mixer | p. 123 |
Audio Mixer | p. 123 |
Video MCU | p. 124 |
Video Switcher | p. 124 |
Video Stream RTP Formats | p. 126 |
H.263 | p. 126 |
H.264 | p. 133 |
Detecting Stream Loss | p. 141 |
Summary | p. 142 |
References | p. 143 |
Chapter 5 | p. 145 |
SIP Overview | p. 145 |
User Agent | p. 146 |
Proxy Server | p. 146 |
Redirect Server | p. 147 |
Registrar | p. 147 |
SIP Transactions and Dialogs | p. 148 |
SIP Messages | p. 149 |
SIP Requests | p. 149 |
SIP Responses | p. 152 |
SIP Record Routing | p. 153 |
Event Subscription and Notification | p. 154 |
Session Description Protocol | p. 155 |
SIP Conferencing Models | p. 157 |
Conference URI | p. 157 |
Early and Delayed Offer | p. 158 |
DTMF Support | p. 159 |
Ad Hoc Audio Conferencing | p. 160 |
Ad Hoc Video Conferencing | p. 162 |
Video SDP Extensions | p. 163 |
Bandwidth Information in the SDP | p. 167 |
Multiple Stream Support and Grouping of Media Lines | p. 168 |
Escalation and De-escalation | p. 169 |
Media Control Support | p. 172 |
Scheduled Conferences | p. 173 |
Entry IVR | p. 174 |
In-Conference Features | p. 177 |
Roll Call | p. 177 |
Hold and Resume | p. 178 |
Mute and Unmute | p. 179 |
Outdial | p. 179 |
RSVP/QoS Support in Conferencing Flows | p. 180 |
Summary | p. 182 |
References | p. 183 |
Chapter 6 | p. 185 |
H.323 Overview | p. 185 |
H.323 Endpoint Aliasing | p. 187 |
H.225 Call Signaling | p. 188 |
H.225 Message Format | p. 188 |
Common H.225 Message Types Used in H.323 Signaling | p. 189 |
H.245 Control Protocol | p. 191 |
H.245 Messages | p. 192 |
Video-Specific H.245 Messages | p. 202 |
H.323 Fast Connect Mode | p. 204 |
Using the Empty Capability Set | p. 207 |
Call Hold Signaling with the Empty Capability Set | p. 207 |
Call Transfer with the Empty Capability Set | p. 207 |
H.323 Device Types | p. 208 |
H.323 Gatekeeper Services | p. 209 |
Required H.323 Gatekeeper Features | p. 209 |
Optional H.323 Gatekeeper Features | p. 210 |
Gatekeeper Signaling Options | p. 211 |
Gatekeeper RAS Signaling | p. 212 |
Mid-Call Bandwidth Requests | p. 214 |
Configuring a Gatekeeper in Cisco Unified CallManager | p. 215 |
Configuring Gatekeeper Support in a Cisco IOS Router | p. 217 |
H.225 Call Setup for Video Devices Using a Gatekeeper | p. 217 |
Using Service Prefixes with MCUs | p. 219 |
Summary | p. 220 |
References | p. 220 |
Chapter 7 | p. 223 |
Understanding Lip Sync Skew | p. 223 |
Human Perceptions | p. 223 |
Measuring Ske |