Managing research, development, and innovation : managing the unmanageable

"This thoughtful and detailed work outlines what is required in order to achieve the desired end results in a networked world where teamwork and collaboration are increasingly important to globally dispersed workforces." --JOHN CHAMBERS, Chairman and CEO, Cisco

Praise for the Second Edition

"This is a superbly written book and could make an excellent reference and text for related university courses." --E. LILE MURPHREE, J R ., P H D, former Chairman, Department of Engineering Management, The George Washington University

"Provides a superb exposition of the role that social and psychological phenomena play in today's organizations." --FRED E. FIEDLER, Professor of Psychology Emeritus, University of Washington, Seattle

As the economy shifts from producing goods to producing information, the role of researchers in shaping the future has become immense. By taking advantage of modern technology, the highly trained and predominantly autonomous researchers from around the globe collect and share information better than ever--yet, there is still a lack of an effective centralized structure for an R&D organization manager to integrate the efforts from many disparate individuals into a unified plan.

Managing Research, Development, and Innovation, Third Edition covers the management skills and leadership theories essential to generating products and excelling in today's global economy. Topics of interest include how to design jobs, organize hierarchies, resolve conflicts, motivate employees, and create an innovative work environment. Discover how superior management skills can increase funding, generate profit, and improve the effectiveness of technologically based organizations. This new revised edition:

Covers all aspects of the research and development process--with focus on the human management function Includes two new chapters covering the innovation process critical to research and development of new products and services Outlines the challenging issues related to diversity in science and technology organizations and provides insights as to how diversity can be used to enhance creativity

Managing Research, Development, and Innovation, Third Edition is the most complete, insightful book of its kind. Useful for professionals and graduate students alike, the text demonstrates in clear, straightforward prose how good management skills will shape the future.

Author Notes

RAVI K. JAIN, P H D, PE, is Dean of the School of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California. He has been a Littauer Fellow at Harvard University and a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge University. He has published fourteen books, over 150 scholarly papers and technical reports, and has received national recognition for his teaching and scholarly activities.

HARRY C. TRIANDIS is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Illinois. He is the author of eight books, including Culture and Social Behavior, Individualism and Collectivism, and Fooling Ourselves: Self-Deception in Politics, Religion, and Terrorism.

CYNTHIA W. WEICK is Professor of Management in the Eberhardt School of Business and the School of Engineering and Computer Science at University of the Pacific. Weick was named the Neven C. Hulsey Chair of Business Excellence in 2006, and in 2005, she earned Pacific's Distinguished Faculty Award, which is the University's highest faculty honor.

Preface

1 R&D Organizations and Research Categories

1.1 How Information Can Be Used

1.2 A Perspective on R&D Management

1.3 What Is Research and Development?

1.4 Research Categories

1.5 What to Research

1.6 Emphasis on Basic versus Applied Research

1.7 What Is Unique about Managing R&D Organizations?

1.8 Summary

1.9 Questions for Class Discussion

2 Elements Needed for an R&D Organization

2.1 People

2.2 Specialization

2.3 Staffing

2.4 Ideas

2.5 Defects in Human Information Processing

2.6 Fads in Science

2.7 Communication Networks

2.8 The Innovation Process

2.9 Funds

2.10 A Culture for R&D Organizations

2.11 Not-Invented-Here Syndrome

2.12 Fit of Person and Job

2.13 Creative Tensions Managing Antithesis and Ambiguity

2.14 Develop a Climate of Participation

2.15 Summary

2.16 Questions for Class Discussion

3 Creating a Productive and Effective R&D Organization

3.1 Organization Effectiveness

3.2 Who Are the Inventors and Innovators?

3.3 Odd Characteristics of Inventors and Innovators

3.4 Researcher's Relationship with Management and Peers

3.5 Formation of Teams

3.6 Generating New Ideas

3.7 Emphases on Aspects of Organizational Culture

3.8 Ethos of a Scientific Community

3.9 Summary

3.10 Questions for Class Discussion

4 Job Design and Organizational Effectiveness

4.1 Job Attributes

4.2 Physical Location and Communication

4.3 Career Paths

4.4 Dual and Triple Hierarchies

4.5 Centralization and Decentralization

4.6 Keeping the Researcher at the Innovation Stage

4.7 Job Design and Conflict

4.8 Summary

4.9 Questions for Class Discussion

5 Influencing People

5.1 Attitude, Altitude Change

5.2 Findings from Attitude Research

5.3 Behavioral Science Division Case

5.4 Case Analysis

5.5 Communication Alternatives and Outcomes

5.6 Summary

5.7 Questions for Class Discussion

6 Motivation in R&D Organizations

6.1 A Model of Human Behavior

6.2 Changing the Reward System to Support Technician Careers

6.3 Structuring the Organization for Optimal Communication

6.4 Types of Rewards

6.5 Reward System Discussion

6.6 Sense of Control and Community

6.7 A Federal R&D Laboratory Case

6.8 Summary

6.9 Questions for Class Discussion

7 Dealing with Diversity in R&D Organizations

7.1 Assimilation and Multiculturalism

7.2 Understanding Culture

7.3 Cultural Differences

7.4 What Happens When People from Different Cultures Work Together?

7.5 Cultural Distance

7.6 Cultural Intelligence and Related Concepts

7.7 A Model for Diversity in Groups

7.8 The Status of Minorities in Work Groups

7.9 Dealing with People from Different Disciplines, Organizational Levels, and Functions

7.10 Intercultural Training

7.11 Summary

7.12 Questions for a Class Discussion

8 Leadership in Research and Development Organizations

8.1 Identifying Your Leadership Style

8.2 Theories of Leadership and Leadership Styles

8.3 Leadership in R&D Organizations

8.4 R&D Leadership A Process of Mutual Influence

8.5 A Leadership-Style Case

8.6 Leadership in a Creative Research Environment

8.7 Summary

8.8 Questions for Class Discussion

9 Managing Conflict in R&D Organizations

9.1 Conflict within Individuals

9.2 Conflict between Individuals

9.3 Conflict between Groups

9.4 Intercultural Conflict

9.5 Personal Styles of Conflict Resolution

9.6 Unique Issues of Conflict in R&D Organizations

9.7 Ethics

9.8 Summary

9.9 Questions for Class Discussion

10 Performance Appraisal-Employee Contribution-in R&D Organizations

10.1 Some Negative Connotations of Performance Appraisal

10.2 Difficulties with Employee Appraisal

10.3 Performance Appraisal and the Management System

10.4 Performance Appraisal and Organizational Stages

10.5 Performance Appraisal and Organization Productivity

10.6 Goals of Engineers versus Scientists

10.7 Performance Appraisal and Monetary Rewards

10.8 Performance Appraisal in Practice

10.9 A University Department Case

10.10 Implementation Strategy with Emphasis on Employee Contribution

10.11 Summary

10.12 Questions for Class Discussion

10.13 Appendix Argonne National Laboratory Performance Review Information

11 Technology Transfer

11.1 Technology Transfer Hypotheses

11.2 Stages of Technology Transfer

11.3 Approaches and Factors Affecting Technology Transfer

11.4 Role of the User

11.5 Characteristics of Innovation and its Diffusion

11.6 Role of People

11.7 Boundary Spanning

11.8 Organizational Issues in Technology Transfer

11.9 The Agricultural Extension Model

11.10 NASA Technology Transfer Programs

11.11 IBM Technology Transfer cases

11.12 Technology Transfer Strategy

11.13 Summary

11.14 Questions for Class Discussion

12 Models for Implementing Incremental and Radical Innovation

12.1 Defining Innovation

12.2 Strategic Choices in Technological Innovation

12.3 Making Technological Innovation Operational

12.4 The Market, Marketers and Market Research in Technological Innovation

12.5 Leading Innovative Organizations

12.6 Summary

12.7 Questions for Class Discussion

13 Organizational Change in R&D Settings

13.1 Why Organizational Change?

13.2 Steps in Organizational Change

13.3 Problems and Action Steps

13.4 Individual Change

13.5 Group Change Team Building

13.6 Organizational Change

13.7 Evaluating Organizational Change

13.8 Case Study in Organizational Change

13.9 Summary

13.10 Questions for Class Discussion

14 Managing the Network of Technological Innovation

14.1 Overall Trends within and Between Sectors

14.2 Trends in Research, Development and Innovation in the Commercial Realm

14.3 Trends in Research, Development and Innovation in the Federal Government

14.4 Trends in Research, Development and Innovation in Universities

14.5 Open Innovation, Regional Economic Development and the Global Innovation Network

14.6 Summary

14.7 Questions for Class Discussion

15 The University Research Enterprise and Basic Research

15.1 Basis for University Research Activities

15.2 Federal Support of University Research An Entitlement or a Means to Achieve National Goals?

15.3 Basic Research-Who Needs It?

15.4 University-Industry Linkage

15.5 Rethinking Investment in Basic Research

15.6 Summary and Concluding Comments

15.7 Questions for Class Discussion

16 R&D Organizations and Strategy

16.1 What is Strategy?

16.2 Strategy Levels and Perspectives

16.3 Strategy Formulation and Implementation

16.4 Strategy Evaluation

16.5 Strategy and Innovation

16.6 Technology and Strategy

16.7 Applying a Strategy Process

16.8 Summary

16.9 Questions for Class Discussion

17 Research, Development, and Science Policy

17.1 Relationships Between Science and Technology

17.2 Technical Innovation and Economic Development

17.3 Analysis of Investment in Basic Research

17.4 R&D Expenditure

17.5 R&D Productivity

17.6 Global Perspectives on Innovation

17.7 R&D Expenditure and Science Policy

17.8 Summary

17.9 Questions for Class Discussion

References

Author Index

Subject Index

Available:*

On Order

Summary

Summary

Author Notes

Table of Contents