Aerospace propulsion

Aerospace propulsion devices embody some of the most advanced technologies, ranging from materials, fluid control, and heat transfer and combustion. In order to maximize the performance, sophisticated testing and computer simulation tools are developed and used.

Aerospace Propulsion comprehensively covers the mechanics and thermal-fluid aspects of aerospace propulsion, starting from the fundamental principles, and covering applications to gas-turbine and space propulsion (rocket) systems. It presents modern analytical methods using MATLAB and other advanced software and includes essential elements of both gas-turbine and rocket propulsion systems. Gas turbine coverage includes thermodynamic analysis, turbine components, diffusers, compressors, turbines, nozzles, compressor-turbine matching, combustors and afterburners. Rocket coverage includes chemical rockets, electrical rockets, nuclear and solar sail.

Key features:

Both gas-turbine and rocket propulsion covered in a single volume Presents modern analytical methods and examples Combines fundamentals and applications, including space applications Accompanied by a website containing MATLAB examples, problem sets and solutions

Aerospace Propulsion is a comprehensive textbook for senior undergraduate graduate and aerospace propulsion courses, and is also an excellent reference for researchers and practicing engineers working in this area.

Author Notes

T.W. Lee, Arizona State University, USA

T.W. Lee is currently an Associate Professor in the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering department at Arizona State University. He has been teaching an Aerospace Propulsion class for the last 15 years and is the author of two books. His research interests include combustion, thermal-fluids, and propulsion systems and current projects include hypersonic inlets and supersonic reactors.

Series Preface	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
1 Introduction to Propulsion Systems	p. 1
1.1 Conservation of Momentum	p. 1
1.2 Conservation of Energy (the First Law of Thermodynamics) and Other Thermodynamic Relationships	p. 10
1.3 One-Dimensional Gas Dynamics	p. 13
1.4 Heat Transfer	p. 14
1.5 Standard Atmospheric Air Properties	p. 15
1.6 Unit Conversion	p. 17
1.7 Problems	p. 20
Bibliography	p. 20
2 Principle of Thrust	p. 21
2.1 Thrust Configurations	p. 21
2.2 Thrust Equation	p. 23
2.3 Basic Engine Performance Parameters	p. 28
2.4 Propulsion and Aircraft Performance	p. 34
2.5 Propeller Propulsion	p. 38
2.6 MATLAB® Program	p. 39
2.7 Problems	p. 40
Bibliography	p. 42
3 Basic Analyses of Gas-Turbine Engines	p. 43
3.1 Introduction	p. 43
3.2 Gas-Turbine Engine as a Power Cycle (Brayton Cycle)	p. 43
3.3 Ideal-Cycle Analysis for Turbofan Engines	p. 49
3.4 Turbojets, Afterburners and Ramjets	p. 61
3.4.1 Turbojet	p. 61
3.4.2 Turbojets with Afterburners	p. 64
3.4.3 Turbofan Engines with Afterburning (Mixed Stream)	p. 68
3.4.4 Ramjets	p. 70
3.5 Further Uses of Basic Engine Analysis	p. 73
3.6 MATLAB® Program	p. 76
3.7 Problems	p. 77
Bibliography	p. 79
4 Gas-Turbine Components: Inlets and Nozzles	p. 81
4.1 Gas-Turbine Inlets	p. 81
4.2 Subsonic Diffuser Operation	p. 82
4.3 Supersonic Inlet Operation	p. 91
4.4 Gas-Turbine Nozzles	p. 95
4.5 Problems	p. 98
Bibliography	p. 99
5 Compressors and Turbines	p. 101
5.1 Introduction	p. 101
5.2 Basic Compressor Aero-Thermodynamics	p. 103
5.2.7 Compressor Stage Performance	p. 107
5.2.2 Pressure Coefficient and Boundary Layer Separation	p. 109
5.2.3 de Haller Number and the Diffusion Factor	p. 110
5.2.4 Mach Number Effect	p. 111
5.2.5 Degree of Reaction	p. 112
5.3 Radial Variations in Compressors	p. 115
5.3.1 Stage Work and Degree of Reaction for Free-Vortex Swirl Distribution	p. 118
5.4 Preliminary Compressor Analysis/Design	p. 119
5.5 Centrifugal Compressors	p. 120
5.6 Turbine	p. 123
5.6.1 Estimation of the Blade Stagnation Temperature	p. 126
5.6.2 Turbine Blade and Disk Stresses	p. 128
5.7 MATLAB® Programs	p. 129
5.8 Problems	p. 131
Bibliography	p. 133
6 Combustors and Afterburners	p. 135
6.1 Combustion Chambers	p. 135
6.2 Jet Fuels and Heating Values	p. 137
6.3 Fluid Mixing in the Combustor	p. 141
6.4 Afterburners	p. 149
6.5 Combustor Heat Transfer	p. 152
6.6 Stagnation Pressure Loss in Combustors	p. 153
6.7 Problems	p. 155
Bibliography	p. 157
7 Gas-Turbine Analysis with Efficiency Terms	p. 159
7.1 Introduction	p. 159
7.2 Turbofan Engine Analysis with Efficiency Terms	p. 160
7.2.7 Polytropic Factor	p. 162
7.2.2 Diffuser	p. 164
7.2.3 Compressor and Fan	p. 164
7.2.4 Combustor	p. 165
7.2.5 Turbine Power Balance	p. 165
7.2.6 Nozzle Exit Pressure	p. 165
7.2.7 Output Parameters	p. 166
7.3 MATLAB® Program	p. 172
7.4 Problems	p. 174
Bibliography	p. 175
8 Basics of Rocket Propulsion	p. 177
8.1 Introduction	p. 177
8.2 Basic Rocketry	p. 182
8.2.1 Specific Impulse	p. 182
8.2.2 Vehicle Acceleration	p. 183
8.2.3 Staging	p. 184
8.2.4 Propulsion and Overall Efficiencies	p. 188
8.3 MATLAB® Programs	p. 189
8.4 Problems	p. 190
Bibliography	p. 191
9 Rocket Propulsion and Mission Analysis	p. 193
9.1 Introduction	p. 193
9.2 Trajectory Calculations	p. 195
9.3 Rocket Maneuvers	p. 203
9.3.1 Coplanar Orbit Change	p. 205
9.3.2 Hohmann Transfer	p. 206
9.3.3 Plane Change	p. 207
9.3.4 Attitude Adjustments	p. 208
9.4 Missile Pursuit Algorithms and Thrust Requirements	p. 209
9.4.1 Velocity Pursuit	p. 210
9.4.2 Proportional Navigation	p. 111
9.4.3 Command-to-Line-of-Sight (CLOS)	p. 212
9.5 Problems	p. 213
Bibliography	p. 215
10 Chemical Rockets	p. 217
10.1 Rocket Thrust	p. 217
10.1.1 Ideal Rocket Thrust	p. 217
10.1.2 Thrust Coefficient and Characteristic Velocity	p. 218
10.2 Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines	p. 220
10.2.1 Liquid Propellants and Their Chemistry	p. 222
10.2.2 Chemical Equilibrium	p. 225
10.2.3 Liquid Propellants Combustion Chambers	p. 232
10.3 Solid Propellant Combustion	p. 244
10.3.1 Burning Rate Analysis	p. 247
10.4 Rocket Nozzles	p. 252
10.4.1 Thrust Vector Control	p. 254
10.4.2 Nozzle and Combustion Chamber Heat Transfer	p. 254
10.5 MATLAB® Program	p. 256
10.6 Problems	p. 256
Bibliography	p. 258
11 Non-Chemical Rockets	p. 259
11.1 Electrothermal Devices	p. 261
11.2 Ion Thrusters	p. 265
11.2.1 Ion Generation	p. 266
11.2.2 Acceleration of Ions	p. 271
11.2.3 Electromagnetic Thrusters	p. 275
11.3 Problems	p. 280
Bibliography	p. 282
Appendices	p. 283
Appendix A Standard Atmospheric Air Properties	p. 283
Appendix B Specific Heats for Air as a Function of Temperature	p. 286
Appendix C Normal Shock Properties	p. 287
Appendix D Oblique Shock Angle Chart	p. 291
Appendix E Polynomial Coefficients for Specific Heat of Selected Gases	p. 292
Appendix F Standard state Gibbs free energy (T = 298.15K, P = 1 atm) g 0 f (T)[ kj / kmol	p. 293
Index	p. 295

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