Gas turbine propulsion systems

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Title:

Personal Author:

MacIsaac, Bernie

Series:

Aerospace series

AIAA education series

Aerospace series (Chichester, England)

Publication Information:

Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley ; Reston, VA : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011

Physical Description:

xx, 328 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.

ISBN:

9780470065631

Abstract:

"'Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems in Aerospace & Defense' pulls together all of the systems and subsystems associated with gas turbine engines in aircraft and marine warship applications. The subject of engine (fuel) control has undergone major changes in the past 20 years due to the advent of the digital electronic control technology and therefore existing books on the subject are typically out of date with current methods. 'Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems in Aerospace & Defense' discusses the latest technologies in this area; including marine propulsion which is an emerging application area for the technology that involves some interesting modifications to aviation technologies. This book also fits well into the systems engineering focus of the Aerospace Series. Includes chapters on aircraft engine systems functional overview, marine propulsion systems, fuel control and power management systems, engine lubrication and scavenging systems, nacelle and ancillary systems, engine certification, unique engine systems and future developments in gas turbine propulsion systems Includes case studies of specific engines Includes applications within marine defence Accompanied by a book companion website featuring full colour images "-- Provided by publisher.

"This book also fits well into the systems engineering focus of the Aerospace Series"-- Provided by publisher

Subject Term:

Aircraft gas-turbines

Airplanes -- Turbojet engines

Jet boat engines

Vehicles, Military

Added Author:

Langton, Roy

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010283203	TL709.3.T83 M33 2011	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

On Order

Summary

Major changes in gas turbine design, especially in the design and complexity of engine control systems, have led to the need for an up to date, systems-oriented treatment of gas turbine propulsion. Pulling together all of the systems and subsystems associated with gas turbine engines in aircraft and marine applications, Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems discusses the latest developments in the field.

Chapters include aircraft engine systems functional overview, marine propulsion systems, fuel control and power management systems, engine lubrication and scavenging systems, nacelle and ancillary systems, engine certification, unique engine systems and future developments in gas turbine propulsion systems. The authors also present examples of specific engines and applications.

Written from a wholly practical perspective by two authors with long careers in the gas turbine & fuel systems industries, Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems provides an excellent resource for project and program managers in the gas turbine engine community, the aircraft OEM community, and tier 1 equipment suppliers in Europe and the United States. It also offers a useful reference for students and researchers in aerospace engineering.

Author Notes

Bernie MacIsaac is President and CEO of GasTOPS Ltd. in Ottawa, Canada.

Roy Langton has recently retired from his position as Vice-President, Engineering & Integrity at Parker Aerospace, where he was responsible for internal seminars & training into feedback control. He is now a technology consultant for Parker, and has also recently been appointed as an editor for the Wiley Aerospace Series.

Reviews 1

Choice Review

This is an up-to-date, in-depth survey of gas turbines as central components of an aeronautical system. Thus, the book describes peripheral systems that support the gas turbine as a prime mover; the parasitic systems that the aircraft depend on for flight and environmental control are also included in the analysis and modeling. In order to accomplish these engineering descriptions and analyses, MacIsaac (GasTOPS, Canada) and Langton (Parker Aerospace) depend heavily on the concepts of automatic control. This book deals with most aspects of the gas turbine industry, including marine engines, and it is modern enough to have a good description of the new Pratt & Whitney geared turbofan engine. To understand the text and make effective use of the material presented, one should have had a course or two in the areas encompassed by linear control theory and feedback control applications. A 15-page appendix titled "Introduction to Classical Feedback Control" can serve as good review for those familiar with the field. This is a well-written book that covers the essentials needed for one to understand the modern gas turbine engine, and it is useful for students and practitioners alike. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above. A. M. Strauss Vanderbilt University

About the Authors	p. x
Preface	p. xii
Series Preface	p. xiv
Acknowledgements	p. xvi
List of Acronyms	p. xviii
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Gas Turbine Concepts	p. 1
1.2 Gas Turbine Systems Overview	p. 6
References	p. 9
2 Basic Gas Turbine Operation	p. 11
2.1 Turbojet Engine Performance	p. 11
2.1.1 Engine Performance Characteristics	p. 18
2.1.2 Compressor Surge Control	p. 22
2.1.3 Variable Nozzles	p. 28
2.2 Concluding Commentary	p. 35
References	p. 35
3 Gas Generator Fuel Control Systems	p. 37
3.1 Basic Concepts of the Gas Generator Fuel Control System	p. 37
3.2 Gas Generator Control Modes	p. 40
3.2.1 Fuel Schedule Definition	p. 42
3.2.2 Overall Gas Generator Control Logic	p. 45
3.2.3 Speed Governing with Acceleration and Deceleration Limiting	p. 46
3.2.4 Compressor Geometry Control	p. 62
3.2.5 Turbine Gas Temperature Limiting	p. 63
3.2.6 Overspeed Limiting	p. 65
3.3 Fuel System Design and Implementation	p. 65
3.3.1 A Historical Review of Fuel Control Technologies	p. 67
3.3.2 Fuel Pumping and Metering Systems	p. 72
3.4 The Concept of Error Budgets in Control Design	p. 77
3.4.1 Measurement Uncertainty	p. 79
3.4.2 Sources of Error	p. 80
3.5 Installation, Qualification, and Certification Considerations	p. 84
3.5.1 Fuel Handling Equipment	p. 84
3.5.2 Full-authority Digital Engine Controls (FADEC)	p. 86
3.6 Concluding Commentary	p. 88
References	p. 88
4 Thrust Engine Control and Augmentation Systems	p. 89
4.1 Thrust Engine Concepts	p. 89
4.2 Thrust Management and Control	p. 92
4.3 Thrust Augmentation	p. 95
4.3.1 Water Injection	p. 96
4.3.2 Afterburning	p. 97
Reference	p. 103
5 Shaft Power Propulsion Control Systems	p. 105
5.1 Turboprop Applications	p. 110
5.1.1 The Single-shaft Engine	p. 110
5.1.2 The Free Turbine Turboprop	p. 112
5.2 Turboshaft Engine Applications	p. 119
Reference	p. 130
6 Engine Inlet, Exhaust, and Nacelle Systems	p. 131
6.1 Subsonic Engine Air Inlets	p. 131
6.1.1 Basic Principles	p. 132
6.1.2 Turboprop Inlet Configurations	p. 133
6.1.3 Inlet Filtration Systems	p. 135
6.2 Supersonic Engine Air Inlets	p. 136
6.2.1 Oblique Shockwaves	p. 137
6.2.2 Combined Oblique/Normal Shock Pressure Recovery Systems	p. 139
6.2.3 Supersonic Inlet Control	p. 141
6.2.4 Overall System Development and Operation	p. 143
6.2.5 Concorde Air Inlet Control System (AICS) Example	p. 144
6.3 Inlet Anti-icing	p. 150
6.3.1 Bleed-air Anti-icing Systems	p. 151
6.3.2 Electrical Anti-icing Systems	p. 151
6.4 Exhaust Systems	p. 151
6.4.1 Thrust Reversing Systems	p. 152
6.4.2 Thrust Vectoring Concepts	p. 155
References	p. 160
7 Lubrication Systems	p. 161
7.1 Basic Principles	p. 161
7.2 Lubrication System Operation	p. 169
7.2.1 System Design Concept	p. 170
7.2.2 System Design Considerations	p. 174
7.2.3 System Monitoring	p. 174
7.2.4 Ceramic Bearings	p. 179
References	p. 179
8 Power Extraction and Starting Systems	p. 181
8.1 Mechanical Power Extraction	p. 181
8.1.1 Fuel Control Systems Equipment	p. 181
8.1.2 Hydraulic Power Extraction	p. 183
8.1.3 Lubrication and Scavenge Pumps	p. 184
8.1.4 Electrical Power Generation	p. 184
8.2 Engine Starting	p. 187
8.3 Bleed-air-powered Systems and Equipment	p. 189
8.3.1 Bleed-air-driven Pumps	p. 191
8.3.2 Bleed Air for Environmental Control, Pressurization and Anti-icing Systems	p. 192
8.3.3 Fuel Tank Inerting	p. 193
References	p. 194
9 Marine Propulsion Systems	p. 195
9.1 Propulsion System Designation	p. 197
9.2 The Aero-derivative Gas Turbine Engine	p. 198
9.3 The Marine Environment	p. 199
9.3.1 Marine Propulsion Inlets	p. 200
9.3.2 Marine Exhaust Systems	p. 203
9.3.3 Marine Propellers	p. 204
9.4 The Engine Enclosure	p. 206
9.4.1 The Engine Support System	p. 207
9.4.2 Enclosure Air Handling	p. 208
9.4.3 Enclosure Protection	p. 208
9.5 Engine Ancillary Equipment	p. 209
9.5.1 Engine Starting System	p. 209
9.5.2 Engine Lubrication System	p. 211
9.5.3 Fuel Supply System	p. 212
9.6 Marine Propulsion Control	p. 214
9.6.1 Ship Operations	p. 214
9.6.2 Overall Propulsion Control	p. 217
9.6.3 Propulsion System Monitoring	p. 219
9.6.4 Propulsion System Controller	p. 222
9.6.5 Propulsion System Sequencer	p. 224
9.7 Concluding Commentary	p. 224
References	p. 225
10 Prognostics and Health Monitoring Systems	p. 227
10.1 Basic Concepts in Engine Operational Support Systems	p. 229
10.1.1 Material Life Limits	p. 229
10.1.2 Performance-related Issues	p. 232
10.1.3 Unscheduled Events	p. 234
10.2 The Role of Design in Engine Maintenance	p. 234
10.2.1 Reliability	p. 235
10.2.2 Maintainability	p. 237
10.2.3 Availability	p. 239
10.2.4 Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis	p. 241
10.3 Prognostics and Health Monitoring (PHM)	p. 243
10.3.1 The Concept of a Diagnostic Algorithm	p. 244
10.3.2 Qualification of a Fault Indicator	p. 245
10.3.3 The Element of Time in Diagnostics	p. 250
10.3.4 Data Management Issues	p. 251
References	p. 255
11 New and Future Gas Turbine Propulsion System Technologies	p. 257
11.1 Thermal Efficiency	p. 257
11.2 Improvements in Propulsive Efficiency	p. 260
11.2.1 The Pratt & Whitney PW1000G Geared Turbofan Engine	p. 261
11.2.2 The CFM International Leap Engine	p. 264
11.2.3 The Propfan Concept	p. 265
11.3 Other Engine Technology Initiatives	p. 268
11.3.1 The Boeing 787 Bleedless Engine Concept	p. 268
11.3.2 New Engine Systems Technologies	p. 271
11.3.3 Emergency Power Generation	p. 276
11.3.4 On-board Diagnostics	p. 277
References	p. 277
Appendix A Compressor Stage Performance	p. 279
A.1 The Origin of Compressor Stage Characteristics	p. 279
A.2 Energy Transfer from Rotor to Air	p. 281
References	p. 284
Appendix B Estimation of Compressor Maps	p. 285
B.1 Design Point Analysis	p. 288
B.2 Stage Stacking Analysis	p. 291
References	p. 293
Appendix C Thermodynamic Modeling of Gas Turbines	p. 295
C.1 Linear Small-perturbation Modeling	p. 295
C.1.1 Rotor Dynamics	p. 296
C.1.2 Rotor Dynamics with Pressure Term	p. 297
C.1.3 Pressure Dynamics	p. 298
C.2 Full-range Model: Extended Linear Approach	p. 298
C.3 Component-based Thermodynamic Models	p. 299
C.3.1 Inlet	p. 301
C.3.2 Compressor	p. 302
C.3.3 Combustor	p. 302
C.3.4 Turbine	p. 304
C.3.5 Jet Pipe	p. 305
C.3.6 Nozzle	p. 306
C.3.7 Rotor	p. 306
References	p. 306
Appendix D Introduction to Classical Feedback Control	p. 307
D.1 Closing the Loop	p. 307
D.2 Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions	p. 308
D.3 The Concept of Stability	p. 310
D.3.1 The Rule for Stability	p. 310
D.4 Frequency Response	p. 311
D.4.1 Calculating Frequency Response	p. 311
D.5 Laplace Transforms	p. 315
D.5.1 Root Locus	p. 317
D.5.2 Root Locus Construction Rules	p. 318
Reference	p. 321
Index	p. 323

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Summary

Summary

Author Notes

Reviews 1

Choice Review

Table of Contents