Cover image for Overvoltage protection of low-voltage systems
Title:
Overvoltage protection of low-voltage systems
Personal Author:
Series:
IEE power and energy series ; 33
Edition:
2nd ed.
Publication Information:
London : Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2000
ISBN:
9780852967812

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30000010019613 TK7870 H37 2000 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

This book surveys some of the techniques available to protect low-voltage electrical and electronic equipment and systems from lightning strikes and other power surges. The book examines the basic discharge processes in air and their effects, through transient electromagnetic field generation and interaction with overhead lines and underground cables. Attention is paid to the use of models for lightning protection and the book focuses on protection techniques based on modelled lightning protection zones. This is then logically developed in a major section on the practical components and applications of protective measures and systems, as well as testing techniques. These are placed in the context of current IEC and VDE standards. The book is highly illustrated with a vast number of photographs as well as system diagrams and tabular matter.


Table of Contents

1 Introductionp. 1
2 Damage due to lightning and surgesp. 5
2.1 Damage statisticsp. 5
2.2 Examplesp. 10
2.2.1 Damage in hazardous areasp. 10
2.2.2 Damage to industrial plantsp. 15
2.2.3 Damage to power supply systemsp. 24
2.2.4 Damage to a housep. 27
2.2.5 Damage to aircraft and airportsp. 36
2.2.6 Damage to wind power stationsp. 38
2.2.7 Catastrophic damagep. 39
3 Origin and effect of surgesp. 43
3.1 Atmospheric overvoltagesp. 45
3.1.1 Direct and close-up strikesp. 45
3.1.1.1 Voltage drop at the impulse earthing resistancep. 48
3.1.1.2 Induced voltages in metal loopsp. 49
3.1.2 Remote strikesp. 56
3.1.3 Coupling of surge currents on signal linesp. 57
3.1.3.1 Ohmic couplingp. 58
3.1.3.2 Inductive couplingp. 58
3.1.3.3 Capacitive couplingp. 59
3.1.4 Magnitude of atmospheric overvoltagesp. 60
3.2 Switching overvoltagesp. 61
4 Protective measures, standardsp. 67
4.1 Lightning protectionp. 69
4.1.1 Risk analysis, protection levelsp. 74
4.1.2 External and internal lightning protection, DIN VDE 0185 Part 1, DIN V ENV 61024-1 (VDE V 0185 Part 100)p. 78
4.1.3 Concept of lightning protection zones, DIN VDE 0185-103 (VDE 0185 Part 103)p. 79
4.1.3.1 LEMP-protection planningp. 83
4.1.3.1.1 Definition of lightning protection levelsp. 83
4.1.3.1.2 Definition of lightning protection zonesp. 83
4.1.3.1.3 Room shielding measuresp. 84
4.1.3.1.4 Equipotential bonding networksp. 90
4.1.3.1.5 Equipotential bonding measures for supply lines and electric lines at the boundaries of the lightning protection zonesp. 92
4.1.3.1.6 Cable routing and shieldingp. 94
4.1.3.2 Realization of LEMP protectionp. 97
4.1.3.3 Installation and supervision of LEMP protectionp. 99
4.1.3.4 Acceptance inspection of LEMP protectionp. 100
4.1.3.5 Periodic inspectionp. 101
4.1.3.6 Costsp. 101
4.2 Surge protection for electrical systems of buildings, IEC 60364, DIN VDE 0100p. 103
4.2.1 IEC 60364-4-443/DIN VDE 0100 Part 443p. 104
4.2.2 IEC 60664-1/DIN VDE 0110 Part 1p. 105
4.2.3 IEC 60364-5-534/DIN VDE 0100 Part 534p. 109
4.3 Surge protection for telecommunications systems, DIN VDE 0800, DIN VDE 0845p. 110
4.4 Electromagnetic compatibility including protection against electromagnetic impulses and lightning, VG 95 372p. 112
4.5 Standards for components and protective devicesp. 112
4.5.1 Connection components, E DIN EN 50164-1 (VDE 0185 Part 201)p. 113
4.5.2 Arresters for lightning currents and surgesp. 113
4.5.2.1 Arresters for power engineering, IEC 61643-1/E DIN VDE 0675 Part 6p. 113
4.5.2.1.1 Important data for arrester selectionp. 119
4.5.2.1.2 Coordination of the arresters according to requirements and locationsp. 120
4.5.2.1.3 N-PE arrester, E DIN VDE 0675 Part 6/A2p. 121
4.5.2.2 Arresters for information technology, IEC SC 37A/E DIN VDE 0845 Part 2p. 122
4.5.2.2.1 Important data for arrester selectionp. 124
4.5.2.2.2 Arrester coordination according to requirements and locationsp. 125
4.5.2.3 Arrester coordinationp. 125
5 Components and protective devices: construction, effect and applicationp. 127
5.1 Air terminationsp. 127
5.2 Building and room shieldsp. 129
5.3 Shields for lines between screened buildingsp. 138
5.4 Shields for cables in buildingsp. 141
5.5 Optoelectronic connectionsp. 143
5.5.1 Optical fibre transmission systemp. 144
5.5.2 Optocouplerp. 145
5.6 Equipotential bondingp. 145
5.7 Isolating spark gapsp. 150
5.8 Arrestersp. 153
5.8.1 Arresters for power engineeringp. 155
5.8.1.1 Surge arresters for low-voltage overhead lines, class Ap. 155
5.8.1.2 Lightning current arresters for lightning protection equipotential bonding, class Bp. 157
5.8.1.3 Surge arresters for protection of permanent installation, class Cp. 167
5.8.1.4 Surge arresters for application at socket outlets, class Dp. 174
5.8.1.5 Surge arresters for application at equipment inputsp. 175
5.8.1.6 Application of lightning current arresters and surge arrestersp. 175
5.8.1.6.1 Graded application of arresters, energetic coordination between surge arresters and equipment to protectp. 178
5.8.1.6.2 Application of arresters in different system configurationsp. 182
5.8.1.6.3 Selection of arrester backup fusesp. 196
5.8.2 Arresters for information technologyp. 206
5.8.2.1 Arresters for measuring and control systemsp. 209
5.8.2.1.1 Blitzductor CT: Construction and mode of functioningp. 210
5.8.2.1.2 Blitzductor CT: Selection criteriap. 223
5.8.2.1.3 Blitzductor CT: Examples of applicationp. 228
5.8.2.1.4 Arresters for intrinsically safe measuring and control circuits and their applicationp. 238
5.8.2.1.5 Arresters for cathodic protection systemsp. 246
5.8.2.1.6 Arresters in Euro-card formatp. 248
5.8.2.1.7 Arresters in LSA-Plus technologyp. 248
5.8.2.2 Combined protective devices for power supply inputs and information technology inputsp. 253
5.8.2.3 Protective devices for data networks/systemsp. 255
5.8.2.3.1 Protective devices for application-neutral cablingp. 255
5.8.2.3.2 Protective devices for token ring-cablingp. 262
5.8.2.3.3 Protective devices for Ethernet twisted pair-cablingp. 265
5.8.2.3.4 Protective devices for Ethernet coax-cablingp. 267
5.8.2.3.5 Protective devices for standard cablingp. 271
5.8.2.3.6 Protective devices for data telecontrol transmission by ISDN base terminalp. 277
5.8.2.3.7 Protective devices for data telecontrol transmission by ISDN primary multiplex terminalp. 284
5.8.2.3.8 Protective devices for data telecontrol transmission by analogous a/b-wire terminalp. 286
6 Application in practice: Some examplesp. 293
6.1 Industrial plantsp. 295
6.1.1 Fabrication hallp. 295
6.1.2 Store and dispatch buildingp. 296
6.1.3 Factory central heatingp. 302
6.1.4 Central computerp. 307
6.1.5 European installation bus (EIB)p. 309
6.1.6 Other bus systemsp. 313
6.1.7 Fire and burglar alarm systemp. 313
6.1.8 Video control systemp. 316
6.1.9 Radio paging systemp. 318
6.1.10 Electronic vehicle weighbridgep. 320
6.2 Peak-load power stationp. 323
6.3 Mobile radio systemsp. 328
6.4 Television transmitterp. 334
6.5 Mobile telecommunication facilityp. 339
6.6 Airport control towerp. 343
7 Prospectsp. 351
Indexp. 353